高考总复习优化设计二轮用书英语A 考点分类练11　主旨大意题

考点分类练(十一)主旨大意题(2)高考总复习优化设计GAOKAOZONGFUXIYOUHUASHEJI2025Passage

1(2024江苏苏锡常镇二模)主题:软贴片

词数:334

难度:★★★☆☆

Thehumanvoiceisadelicatething.Eachperson’sdistinctivevoiceisproducedwhenairfromthelungscausesthevocalcords(声带)tovibrate(震颤).Thesevocalcordscaneasilygetdamaged.Accordingtoa2005study,30%ofthepopulationwillexperienceavoicedisorderatsomepointintheirlife.InastudypublishedinthejournalNature

Communicationsthisweek,agroupofbioengineeringresearchersfromtheUniversityofCaliforniahaveputforwardanattractivesolution.Theyhavedesignedandtestedasoftpatch(小片)thatcanbestuckontoaperson’sneck,whereitwillpickupmusclemovementsand,withthehelpofmachine-learningalgorithms(算法)thatprocessthesignals,translatethemintospeech.Whenapersonlosestheirvoicetoday,theeasiestfixistoturntotyping,

texting,orwritingnotestocommunicate.Typingcanbeslowandconvenient,

saysJunChen,thepaper’sleadauthor,andwritingnotesisonlypossibleingoodlighting.Thenewsolutionwouldthereforebeabletoclearallthesehurdles.Dr.Chen’sdeviceworksbasedonsomethingcalledthemagnetoelasticeffect.Essentially,whentinymagnetic(磁性的)bitsareplacedintosoftmaterials,theirmagneticpropertiescanchangeasthematerialisstretched.Whenthethroatmusclesmoveunderthesoftpatch,theresultingmagnetoelasticeffectscanbechangedintoelectricalsignals.Inatestwitheightparticipants,thevariationscanbechangedbyelectricalsignals.Researchersrecordedthesignalsasthesubjectsspokeandmouthedfivedifferentsentences.Theythentrainedamachine-learningmodelwhichwasthenabletopredictwhichofthefivesentencestheparticipantsspoke—whetheraloudorinsilence—withmorethan90%accuracy.Thereisawaytogoyet,fornowthedevicecanonlyrecognizethefivephrasesitwastrainedon.Plus,tomakeitpracticalatscale,theresearcherswillneedtocollectalotmoredata.【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一项最新的科学研究成果,即一种可以贴在人脖子上的软贴片,能够通过捕捉肌肉运动并将其转化为语言。1.What

does

the

author

mainly

want

to

tell

us

in

paragraph

1?A.Lungs

are

easily

damaged.B.The

human

voice

is

unique.C.Vocal

cords

vibrate

to

produce

sound.D.Voice

disorders

are

a

problem

worthy

of

attention.答案

D解析

推理判断题。根据第一段可知,本段主要想告诉我们声音障碍是一个值得关注的问题。2.Why

does

the

author

mention

the

magnetoelastic

effect?A.To

explain

the

working

principle.B.To

present

a

solution.C.To

introduce

the

challenge.D.To

make

a

comparison.答案

A解析

推理判断题。根据第二段的“They

have

designed

and

tested

a

soft

patch...the

signals,translate

them

into

speech.”、第三段和第四段的“Dr.Chen’s

device

works

based

on

something

called

the

magnetoelastic

effect.”可知,作者提到magnetoelastic

effect是为了解释贴片的工作原理。3.What

is

the

function

of

the

soft

patch?A.

Predicting

five

different

sentences.B.Destroying

the

background

magnetic

field.C.Slowing

the

movements

of

throat

muscles.D.Helping

turn

muscle

movements

into

electrical

signals.答案

D解析

推理判断题。根据第四段的“Essentially,when

tiny

magnetic

(磁性的)

bits

are

placed

into

soft

materials,their

magnetic

properties

can

change

as

the

material

is

stretched.”以及第五段的“When

the

throat

muscles

move

under

the

soft

patch,the

resulting

magnetoelastic

effects

can

be

changed

into

electrical

signals.”可知,软贴片的功能是帮助将肌肉运动转化为电信号。4.Which

of

the

following

is

a

suitable

title

for

the

text?A.Predicting

the

Importance

of

Voice

RestorationB.Using

Algorithms

in

Bioengineering

ResearchC.

Overcoming

Voice

Loss

with

an

Innovative

PatchD.Finding

the

Principle

of

Communication

Devices答案

C解析

主旨大意题。纵观全文可知,本文主要讲述了一种可以贴在人脖子上的软贴片,能够通过捕捉肌肉运动并将其转化为语言,所以C项“Overcoming

Voice

Loss

with

an

Innovative

Patch(用创新的贴片克服失声)”是本文最好的标题。Passage

2(2024福建莆田二模)主题:刻意学习

词数:306

难度:★★★☆☆Theyearis1763,anda7-year-oldMozartisabouttosetoffonatouraroundEuropethatwilljump-starttheMozartlegend.Mozarthadatrickuphissleeve.WhenyoungMozartheardanoteplayed—anynote—hecouldimmediatelyidentifyexactlywhichnoteitwas.Itwasanabilitynowweknowas“perfectpitch”,anditseemedtobeanexampleofthemysteriousgiftsthatyounggeniuseshadbeenbornwith.Butisthatreallyso?Overmyyearsofstudyingexpertsinvariousfields,likeMozart,Ihavefoundthatthere’snosuchthingasapredefinedability.Actually,thosepeoplealldeveloptheirabilitiesthrough“deliberatepractice”,apurposefulandsystematictypeofpracticethatmakesitpossibleforthemtodothingstheyotherwisecouldnot.Inthem,potentialisanexpandablevessel,shapedbythevariousthingstheydothroughouttheirlives.OneofmytestimoniescamefromRayAllen,aten-timeAll-StarintheNBA.Allen’sjumpshotwasnotnoticeablybetterthanhisteammates’backinhighschool;infact,itwaspoor.Butwithhardworkanddedication,hetransformedhisjumpshotintoonesogracefulandnaturalthatpeopleassumedhewasbornwithit.Butitdoesn’tmean“Justkeepworkingatit,andyou’llgetthere”.

Heartfeltdesireandhardworkalonewillnotleadtoimprovedperformance.

Therightsortofpracticecarriedoutoverasufficientperiodoftimewillleadtoimprovement.Nothingelse.Andthisistruewhetherourgoalistobecomeaconcertpianistorjustplaythepianowellenoughtoamuseourselves,tobethegreatestthree-pointshooterorjustbuildourselvesup.Deliberatepracticeisthegoldstandardforanyoneinanyfieldwhowishestobuildnewskillsandabilities.【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。各个领域的专家似乎具有某种与生俱来的神秘能力,但作者通过研究发现,这些人都是通过“刻意练习”来发展他们的能力的,刻意练习是任何人在任何领域希望建立新的技能和能力的黄金标准。5.Why

is

Mozart’s

perfect

pitch

mentioned

in

paragraph

1?A.To

introduce

an

inborn

talent.B.To

explain

reasons

for

success.C.To

lead

to

reflection

on

gifts.D.To

define

a

brilliant

trick.答案

C解析

推理判断题。第一段中的“It

was

an

ability

now

we

know

as‘perfect

pitch’,and

it

seemed

to

be

an

example

of

the

mysterious

gifts

that

young

geniuses

had

been

born

with.But

is

that

really

so?”提到年轻的莫扎特具有似乎是天生的神秘天赋——“绝对音高”的能力,接着提出一个问题,事实真的是这样吗?接着第二段中的“Actually,those

people

all

develop

their

abilities

through‘deliberate

practice’”提到实际上这些人都是通过“刻意练习”来发展他们的能力的,故作者提到莫扎特的“绝对音高”能力是为了导入对天赋的思考。6.Which

is

the

most

important

in

making

an

expert

according

to

the

writer?A.Affection.

B.Experience.C.Training.

D.Gifts.答案

C解析

细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“The

right

sort

of

practice

carried

out...wishes

to

build

new

skills

and

abilities.”可知,在作者看来,成为专家最重要的是刻意练习。7.What

does

the

underlined

word

“testimonies”

mean

in

paragraph

3?A.Challenges.

B.Proofs.C.Comments.

D.Puzzles.答案

B解析

词句猜测题。第二段中的“Actually,those

people

all

develop

their

abilities

through‘deliberate

practice’,a

purposeful

and

systematic

type

of

practice

that

makes

it

possible

for

them

to

do

things

they

otherwise

could

not.”提到,这些非凡的能力并非天生,而是通过“刻意练习”来发展的,结合画线词下文可知,本段是通过Ray

Allen的例子佐证上文的说法,由此推知画线词所在句意为“我的一个佐证来自Ray

Allen,一个十次入选NBA全明星的球员”,testimonies意为“证据”。8.Which

of

the

following

is

the

best

title

for

the

text?A.Secret

of

Great

TalentsB.Born

to

Stand

OutC.A

Surprising

DiscoveryD.Start

When

Young答案

A解析

主旨大意题。结合第一段中的“It

was

an

ability

now

we

know

as‘perfect

pitch’,and

it

seemed

to

be

an

example

of

the

mysterious

gifts

that

young

geniuses

had

been

born

with.But

is

that

really

so?”和最后一段中的“Deliberate

practice

is

the

gold

standard

for

anyone

in

any

field

who

wishes

to

build

new

skills

and

abilities.”可知,各个领域的专家似乎具有某种与生俱来的神秘能力,但作者通过研究发现,这些人都是通过“刻意练习”来发展他们的能力的,刻意练习是任何人在任何领域希望建立新的技能和能力的黄金标准,A项“伟大天赋的秘诀”为最佳标题。Passage

3

(2024陕西渭南二模)主题:研究新发现

词数:340

难度:★★★☆☆Doyouwanttoensureyourchildhitstheirexpecteddevelopmentalmilestones?NewUBCresearchsuggestslivinginareaswithhighexposuretogreenspacecanhelpsetthemupforsuccess.Forthestudy,theresearchersatUBCanalyzedthedevelopmentalscoresof27,372childreninMetroVancouverwhoattendedkindergartenbetween2005and2011.Theyestimatedtheamountofgreenspacearoundeachchild’sresidencefrombirthtoagefive.Theyalsoassessedlevelsoftraffic-relatedairpollutionandcommunitynoise.Theresultshighlightthefundamentalimportanceofnaturalgreenspaceslikestreettrees,parksandcommunitygardens.“Mostofthechildrenweredoingwellintheirdevelopment,intermsoflanguageskills,cognitive(认知的)capacity,socializationandotheroutcomes,”saysIngridJarvis,aPhDcandidateinthedepartmentofforestandconservationsciencesatUBC.“Butwhat’sinterestingisthatthosechildrenlivinginaresidentiallocationwithmorevegetationandrichernaturalenvironmentsshowedbetteroveralldevelopmentthantheirpeerswithlessgreenspace.”Accordingtotheresearchers,thereasonforthisispartlygreenspaces’abilitytoreducetheharmfuleffectsofairpollutionandnoise-environmentalchallengesthathavebeenshowntoadversely(不利地)affectchildren’shealthanddevelopmentthroughincreasedstress,sleepdisturbancesandcentralnervoussystemdamage.“Fewstudieshaveinvestigatedthispathwaylinkinggreenspaceanddevelopmentaloutcomesamongchildren,”addsJarvis.TheresearchersassessedearlychildhooddevelopmentusingtheEarlyDevelopmentInstrument(EDI),asurveycompletedbykindergartenteachersforeachchild.Thetoolmeasuresachild’sabilitytomeetage-appropriatedevelopmentalexpectations.“Moreresearchisneeded,butourfindingssuggestthaturbanplanningeffortstoincreasegreenspaceinresidentialneighbourhoodsandaroundschoolsarebeneficialforearlychildhooddevelopment,withpotentialhealthbenefitsthroughoutlife,”saysthestudy’sseniorauthorMatildaBosch.“Timeinnaturecanbenefiteveryone,butifwewantourchildrentohaveagoodheadstart,it’simportanttoprovideanenrichingenvironmentthroughnaturecontact.”【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。加拿大一所大学研究所开展的一项研究表明,居住地环境的绿地面积对孩子们的学业水平以及未来事业成功都起到了重要的作用,并且会影响他们的一生。9.Which

is

a

key

factor

in

the

researchers’

study?A.The

kids’

scores

from

school

exams.B.The

average

IQ

score

of

the

subjects.C.The

green

space

where

the

kids

lived.D.The

air

pollution

level

of

the

whole

city.答案

C解析

细节理解题。根据第二段可知,研究人员分析的关键数据之一就是这些孩子们居住地的绿地面积。故选C项。10.What’s

the

message

implied

in

paragraph

4?A.Air

pollution

is

largely

to

blame

for

kids’

failures.B.Kids

living

in

a

noisy

area

tend

to

feel

more

stressed.C.Pollution

ha