《工业分析 Industrial Analysis》课件-黏度基本知识（双语）

项目八：常规物理常数与性能分析任务七：黏度的测定黏度基本知识课程：工业分析中文Scenario8:PhysicalconstantsandperformancetestingTask7:DeterminationofviscosityBasicknowledgeofviscosityCourse:IndustrialAnalysisEglish1、粘度的概念粘度是液体的内摩擦，是一层液体对另一层液体作相对运动时遇到的阻力。

粘度大表示内摩擦力大，分子量越大，碳氢结合越多，这种力量也越大。中文1、Theconceptofviscosity

Viscosityistheinternalfrictionofaliquid,whichistheresistanceencounteredwhenonelayerofliquidmovesrelativetoanother.Ahighviscosityindicatesahighinternalfrictionforce.Thelargerthemolecularweight,themorehydrocarbonscombine,andthisforceisalsogreater.Eglish

粘度与压力、温度的关系通常，压力增加，油液的粘度增加；高压时，压力对粘度的影响较大，而中、低压时压力的影响不大。温度对粘度的影响非常明显，温度上升、粘度下降。中文

Therelationshipbetweenviscosity,pressure,andtemperatureUsually,aspressureincreases,theviscosityoftheoilincreases;Athighpressure,pressurehasasignificantimpactonviscosity,whileatmediumandlowpressure,pressurehaslittleeffect.Theeffectoftemperatureonviscosityisverysignificant.Whenthetemperaturerises,theviscositywilldecrease.Eglish2、黏度的种类绝对黏度

运动黏度

条件黏度中文2、Typesofviscosityabsoluteviscosity

Kinematicviscosity

ConditionalviscosityEglish又称为动力粘度，以η

表示是指面积为1cm2的两层液体，相互以1cm/s的速度相对移动而应克服的阻力。如阻力为10-5N，则该液体的绝对粘度为1，单位（SI）为Pa·s，中文为帕·秒。在温度为t℃时液体的绝对粘度以ηt表示。（1）绝对粘度中文Absoluteviscosity,alsoknownasdynamicviscosity,isdeterminedbyηexpressItreferstotheresistancethattwolayersofliquidwithanareaof1cm2shouldovercomewhenmovingrelativetoeachotherataspeedof1cm/s.Iftheresistanceis10-5N,theabsoluteviscosityoftheliquidis1,andtheunit(SI)isPa·s.Theabsoluteviscosityoftheliquidatatemperatureoft℃representsasηT.（1）AbsoluteviscosityEglish（2）运动粘度中文（2）KinematicviscosityRepresentedbyvItistheratiooftheabsoluteviscosity

ηofaliquidtoitsdensityρ

atthesametemperature.Unit(SI)ism2/SAtatemperatureoft℃,thekinematicviscosityisexpressedinVt.Eglish包括恩氏粘度、赛氏粘度和雷氏粘度。恩氏粘度试样在规定温度下，从恩格勒粘度计中流出200mL所需的秒数，与同体积水在20℃温度下流出所需的秒数的比值。单位为恩氏度，用符号ET表示。

（3）条件粘度恩氏黏度计中文ConditionalviscosityincludesEnglerviscosity,Sayboltviscosity,andRayleighviscosity.

Englerviscosity

Theratioofthenumberofsecondsrequiredforthesampletoflowoutof200mLfromtheEnglerviscometerataspecifiedtemperaturetothenumberofsecondsrequiredforthesamevolumeofwatertoflowoutatatemperatureof20℃.

TheunitisEngelsdegrees,representedbythesymbolET.

（3）ConditionalviscosityEnglerviscosimeterEglish赛氏粘度试样在规定温度下，从赛氏黏度计中流出60mL所需的时间，单位为s赛氏黏度计雷氏粘度试样在规定温度下，从雷氏黏度计中流出50mL所需的时间，单位为s中文

Sayboltviscosity

Thetimerequiredfor60mLofthesampletoflowoutoftheSayboltviscometeratthespecifiedtemperature,measuredinsecondsSayboltviscometerRayleighviscosity

Thetimerequiredfor50mLofthesampletoflowoutoftheRayleighviscometeratthespecifiedtemperature,measuredinsecondsEglish3、粘度测定的意义在一些种类的润滑油标准中，是以运动粘度值来划分牌号的。如冷冻机油、机械油等以50℃运动粘度的平均厘斯数划分，内燃机润滑油、汽缸油、齿轮油等按100℃运动粘度的平均厘斯数划分。粘度是润滑油重要的质量指标，正确选择一定粘度的润滑油，可保证发动机稳定可靠的工作状况。

中文3、ThesignificanceofviscositymeasurementInsometypesoflubricantstandards,gradesareclassifiedbasedontheirkinematicviscosityvalues.Forexample,refrigerationengineoil,mechanicaloil,etc.areclassifiedbasedontheaverageRiessof50℃kinematicviscosity,whileinternalcombustionenginelubricatingoil,cylinderoil,gearoil,etc.areclassifiedbasedontheaverageRiessof100℃kinematicviscosity.Visco