人教版（2024）八年级下册英语语法讲解课件

语法讲解课件人教版（2024）八年级下册英语Unit1

TimetoRelax动词不定式1.含义：是一种非谓语动词结构为“to+do”否定为”nottodo无人称和数的变化不能做谓语动词不定式2.用法：带to的不定式作宾语askwant等。不带to的不定式作宾语seehear等。省略to的使役动词letmakehave带to或不带to均可help3.具体用法1）主语It'sadjforsb.todosthTogoonlineishelpfulforstudents.It'shelpfulforstudentstogoonline.2）表语Toseeistobelieve.Iwanttogotothezoo.Hedecidedtobuythebluepen.3）宾语4）宾补wantsb.todosth.asksb.todosth.tellsb.todosth.MymotherasksmenottowatchTV.5）定语Ihavetoomuchhomeworktodo.Igotothelibrarytoreadbooks.(目的)I’msorrytotroubleyou.(原因)6）状语（原因

目的

结果）7.疑问词+不定式。与who,what,which,when,how,where等连用常见用法：whotogowithwhattodohowtodoitwhichtobuy/choosewhentogo/leavewheretogoUnit2

StayHealthy!反

身

代

词第一人称第二人称第三人称单数myselfyourselfhimselfherselfitself复数ourselvesyourselvesthemselves第一、二人称的反身代词由形代加­self(单数),­selves(复数)构成；第三人称的反身代词由人称代词的宾格加­self(单数),­selves(复数)构成。做同位语Theboxitselfisnotsoheavy.作宾语（放在动词和介词后）Icanlookaftermyself.作表语Thegoodmanismyself.用

法：常见的由反身代词构成的短语enjoyoneself玩得开心teachoneself自学foroneself亲自byoneself单独；独自helponeselfto…________________随便吃/喝……learnbyoneself自学saytooneself自言自语cometooneself苏醒过来dressoneself自己穿衣服口诀：

不随主语变，后接动词原。

变否加not,变疑要提前。解析：情态动词无人称和数的变化

情态动词后要加动词原形

变否定句时，情态动词后加not

变一般疑问句时，情态动词提到句首情态动词should/could的用法初中常见情态动词can/could能

会may/might可能/也许must必须haveto不得不need需要should应该should的用法1.责任或义务，意为“应该”。例:Youshouldvisityourgrandparentsinyourfreetime.2.表劝告或建议，意为“应该，应当”。例:Youshouldkeepyourpromise.你应该遵守诺言。3.表推测，意为“照理说，应该，估计”。例:SheshouldarriveinBeijingnow.她现在应该到达北京了。could的用法1.表过去的能力例：Shecouldswimverywellwhenshewasfive.2.表委婉地请求别人做某事例：Couldyoupleasesweepthefloor?能请你扫一下地吗？3.委婉地表示请求别人允许自己做某事例：CouldIhangoutwithmyfriendtonight?4.表推测/可能性(较弱)例：Theroadcouldbeclosedduetotheheavysnow.

情态动词should的句式变化shouldn't动词原形Unit3

GrowingUp!并列关系

⑴联合关系的并列连词

and,both…and，（谓语用复数）neither…nor,notonly...butalso,(就近原则)aswellas既…又…（就远原则）

eg.

①Iamateacherandheisadoctor.

②BothhisfatherandhismotherlikewatchingTV.③Neitherhenorsheisathometoday.④Notonlytheyoungbutalsotheoldcanspeak

Englishthere.⑤Tomaswellashisfriendswantstogohiking.

⑵转折关系的并列连词

but,while,however,yeteg:①Iwanttohelpyou,butIreallydon'tknowwhattodo.

②IlikemathwhilemybrotherlikesChinese.

③Wearetiredafterthetour.However,wearehappy.④Sheworkedhard,yetshefailed.⑶选择关系的并列连词

or,either…or（就近原则）eg：Doyouoftengotoschoolbybikeoronfoot?Eitheryouorhehastogo.

⑷表示因果关系的连词

because.for.soeg:Hedidn’tgotoschoolbecausehewasill.Theshopwasquitenew,forithadopenedonly

theweekbefore.

Itwaslate,sowewenthome.让步状语从句：

although/though,eventhough

evenif,however,whatever

Althoughheisyoung,heknowsalotaboutChina.

虽然他年轻，他知道很多关于中国的事情。从属连词although

从属连词until引导时间状语从句not…until直到…才Istayedthereuntilhecameback.until通常和延续性动词连用Ididn'tleavethereuntilhecameback.not…until通常和非延续性动词连用

引导目的状语从句

IcameheresothatIcouldseeher.

从属连词sothat从属连词if

引导条件状语从句

Iwillgoouttoplayifitdoesn’traintomorrow.

Unit4

TheWondersofNature形容词和副词的比较级和最高级

复习和拓展形容词用法：A作定语

Sheisabeautiful

girl.B作表语

Theroomisbig.C作补足语

Wemustkeeptheroomclean.

D修饰不定代词放其后Ihavesomethingimportanttotellyou.副词用法A作状语修饰动词Wemuststudyhard.B修饰形容词Heisreally

busy.C修饰其他副词Heworksveryhard.D修饰整个句子

Luckily,

Igot100pointsthisterm.

形容词和副词的级别三级

原级

比较级

最高级形容词

talltallerthetallest副词hardharderthehardest1．规则变化1)一般在词尾加­er和­esttall—_______—________long—_______—________2)以不发音字母e结尾的加­r和­stfine—_______—________late—_______—________tallertallestlongerlongestfinerlaterfinestlatest

形容词和副词的级别

三级

原级

比较级

最高级3)以重读闭音节结尾且末尾只有一个辅音字母时，须双写这个辅音字母，再加­er和­estbig—_______—________thin—_______—________4)

以“辅音字母

+

y”结尾的双音节词，先把“y”改为“i”再加-er,-esteasy—______—______friendly—________—__________5)

多音节和部分双音节，在原级前加more,mostinteresting—_________________—__________________easierbiggestthinnerthinnestbiggereasiestfriendlierfriendliestmoreinterestingmostinteresting8)“比较级＋thananyother＋单数(包括主语)ChinaislargerthananyothercountryinAsia.比较级+thanany+单数(不包括主语)ShanghaiislargerthananycityinJapan.thananyother+单数=thantheother+复数9)“the＋比较级＋ofthetwo”表示“两者中比较…的”。Theappleisthebiggerofthetwo.10)同级比较句型“as＋原级＋as”意为“__________”，其否定形式可用“notas/so＋原级＋as”表示，意为“________”。如：Iamasthinasmymother.我和我妈妈一样瘦。Theweatherhereisnotas/sohotasthatinWuhan.这里的天气不如武汉热。与…一样不及…※※※比较级前的修饰词有：much、far、alot、even、still、alittle、abit等，而原级用very、so、too、quite等修饰。※※※Ourcityismuchmorebeautifulthanyours.I’malittletallerthanyou.Heisevenlaterthanbefore.Thebookisveryboring.I’mtoolate.最高级的用法：通常前面有the1.the+最高级+带of或in的范围短语Sheistheyoungestofall.2.…oneofthe+最高级+名词复数LuXunisoneofthegreatestwritersinChina.3.选择疑问句Whoisthestrongest,Tom,JackorBill?4.the＋最高级＋定语从句It'sthemostinterestinggiftthatIhaveeverreceived.5.the+序数词+最高级TheChangjiangRiveris

thefirstlongestriverinourcountry.6.比较级的否定表示最高级Noonecanstudybetterthanhiminmyclass.Unit5

Nature’sTmper过去进行时的定义1

表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间内正在发生的动作或存在的状态。

Shewasreadingabookat10a.m.yesterdaymorning.Hewasshoppingfrom8to9lastnight.过去进行时的结构2S(主语)+was/were+v.-ing+其它.否定形式问句形式was/were+not+doingWas/Were+主+doing?was/were+doingHewassleepingatthattime.Hewasn’tsleepingatthattime.Washesleepingatthattime?肯定形式1.Iwassingingsongsyesterdaymorning.否定句：___________________________一般疑问句：__________________________2.Theyweredrawingpictureswhentheteachercamein.否定句：___________________________一般疑问句：__________________________3.Shewaswashingthewindowwhenthetelephonerang.否定句：___________________________一般疑问句：__________________________ExerciseOne标志性的时间状语31)at+具体时间+过去时间atthattimelastnightatthistimeyesterdayat5o’clocklastSunday2)atthetimeof…在…的时候3)过去进行时+when引导的一般过去时的从句（短暂性动词）4)过去进行时+while引导的过去进行时（延续性动词）

现在分词的变化规则4口诀规则例子直1.一般情况下，直接加-ingplay–playing去2.动词以不发音的-e结尾，去-e加-ingtake–taking双3.重读闭音节结尾末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词，要双写辅音字母，再加-ingcut–cutting变4.以-ie结尾的动词，变ie为y再加-inglie–lying不同点（1）when主从句可以同时发生，也可先后发生；while则强调主句和从句的动作同时发生。when可代while，而while不代when。

when＆while不同点（2）when常接一般过去时从句，while后接进行时态的句子。玛丽在图书馆里读书时，杰克正在操场上踢足球。Marywasreadinginthelibrarywhile

Jackwasplayingsoccerontheplayground.1.She__________(do)herhomeworkthistimeyesterday.2.Theteacher_________(help)hisstudentswiththeirlessonsnow.3.He__________(make)progresseveryday.4.She_____________(read)astory-bookatsevenyesterdayevening.5.It____________(rain)hardnow.6.Thestudents_________(get)readyforthepicnicthesedays.wasdoingishelpingmakeswasreadingisrainingaregettingExerciseTwo7.They_________(visit)thesciencemuseumnextMonday.8.Look,they__________(play)videogames.9.We__________(do)somecleaningatthattime.10.______thestudents_____(like)learningEnglish?11._____you______(have)agoodtimelastSunday?willvisitareplayingweredoingDolikeDidhave12.____he________(study)Englishfrom7to9lastnight?13.Listen,she________(sing).14.He______________(notwork)inthefactorythesedays.15.It’seighto’clock.Thestudents_____________(have)anEnglishlesson.Wasstudyingissingingisn’tworkingarehavingUnit6

CrossingCulturesGrammar:一

unless引导的条件状语从句除非…；如果不…”主将从现1.主句为肯定句：

要是你们不能找到足够多的食物，很多人会死掉。

Unlessyoucanfindenoughfood，manypeoplewilldie.如果你不再加把劲，你考试还会不及格。You'llfailtheexamagainunlessyouworkharder.

2.主句为否定句：

如果他不努力学习，他就学不好英语。Hecan'tlearnEnglishwellunlesshestudieshard.

如果不收到他的来信，我就不去。

IwillnotgounlessIhearfromhim.

3.unless与if…not互换

I'llgothereunlessitrains.I'llgothereifitdoesn'train.我会去那儿，除非下雨.如果不下雨，我就去那儿.

主将从现他一回来，我就告诉他.Iwilltellhimassoonashecomesback.主过从过他一坐下，就拿出他的书.Hetookouthisbookassoonashesatdown.Grammar:二

assoonas引导时间状语从句

一…就…Grammar:三so…that…引导的结果状语从句

如此…以至于…结构：主语+谓语+so+adj./adv.+that从句.他如此生气以至于说不出话来.Hewassoangrythathecouldn'tsayaword.这男孩跑得太快，我赶不上他.TheboyransofastthatIcouldn'tcatchhim.so…that…引导的结果状语从句

（1）so+形容词+a(an)+单数名词+that从句such+a(an)+形容词+单数名词+that从句Itwassofineadayyesterdaythatweallwentoutforapicnic.昨天天气如此好，我们都出去野餐了.Itwassuchafinedayyesterdaythatweallwentoutforapicnic.so…that…引导的结果状语从句

（2）such+形容词+复数名词/不可数名词+that从句Theyaresuchgoodstudentsthattheteacherlikesthem.他们都是很好的学生，老师喜欢他们。Itwassuchfineweatheryesterdaythatwewentswimming.昨天天气很好，我们去游泳了。so…that…引导的结果状语从句

（3）当名词前有many，much，few，little等词修饰时，只能用so…that…，即somany/much/few/little+名词+that从句。Therewassomuchworktodothateverybodygotbored.有这么多工作要做，人人都感到厌烦了。Therewassolittlewaterintheglassthatitwasnotenoughforallofus.杯子里的水太少，不够我们所有人用的。

Unit7

AGoodRead现在完成时（一）Grammar1.动作或状态发生在过去,对现在产生了一定的影响和结果。

Theyhaveleft.—他们已经离开了.(也就是说现在他们人不在这里)定义：2.动作发生在过去，可能一直持续下去，对现在也产生了一定的影响。

Hehas

learnedEnglishsince2001.—他从2001年开始学英语。（现在还在继续学着呢）结构：肯定句：主语+have/has+过去分词+其他.否定句：主语+have/has+not+过去分词+其他.这里的have和has是助动词havenot=haven’thasnot=hasn’t一般疑问句：Have/Has+主语+过去分词+其他?肯定回答：Yes,主+have/has.否定回答：No,主+haven’t/hasn’t.特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+一般疑问句结构.注意：现在完成时的否定句和一般疑问句与一般过去时不同，动词的过去分词保持不变。过去分词的构成：finish—finished—finishedlive——lived—livedstop—stopped—stoppedcarry—carried—carried1加ed，2加d，3要双写，4注意，y变成ied，特殊形式特殊记。1.规则变化与过去式相同;2.不规则变化am,isarebecomecutdoflygokeeprunwas--beenwere--beenbecame—becomecut-cutdid--doneflew--flownwent--gonekept--keptran--runwritedrivecomebuybringtakemakesitfeedwrote--writtendrove--drivencame--comebought--boughtbrought--broughttook--takenmade--madesat--satfed--fed完成时的标志：already和yet的用法already已经通常用于肯定句中或句末yet已经，还通常用于疑问句和否定句末我已经找到了我的尺子。

Ihave______foundmyruler.Ihavefoundmyruler________.否定句:Ihaven’tfoundmyruler______.一般疑问句:Haveyoufoundyourruler____？alreadyalreadyyetyet整个句子汉译成“已经”、“过”、“了”等,常与时间副词ever,never,recently,sofar,just,still,before,inthelastfiveyears等连用。例如：

①Ihaveneverheardofthatbefore.②Haveyoueverriddenahorse?③I’vejustlostmymathbook.时间状语1.我已经看过这部电影。I____________________thefilm.2.你已经浇过花了吗？

______you

theflowers______?3.他刚刚完成了家庭作业。He_______________hishomework.4.我们曾经去过五仙山。We______________totheWuxianHills.5.李雷从不抽烟。LiLei_________________.haveseenHavehavewateredfinishedbeensmokedhashasalreadyyetjusteverneverUnit8

MakingaDifference现在完成时（二）Grammar

注意：句中谓语动词要用延续性动词和一段时间状语或从句连用：一段时间的表达方法有两种:1）for+一段时间I____________English______________.我学英语已经两年了。forayearfortwoweeksforthreeyearsfortwoyearshavestudied过去的某一时刻一般过去时2)since+They__________inBeijing____________.

他们自１９８０年就一直住在北京。We’veknowneachother_____we______children.

我们从小就认识。sincelastweek,since3yearsagosincenine,since2008…sinceyoucametoChinasinceyougothomesince1980havelivedsincewere注意:for和since所引导的时间状语都表示一段时间.有时可进行转换。对它们提问都用短语：

如：(对划线部分提问)1.Hehaslivedheresince2004.

Hehaslivedhere_____________．

Hehaslivedhere____________________.

_________hashelivedhere?2.IhavestudiedEnglishfor3years.

IhavestudiedEnglish_________________.

__________haveyoustudiedEnglish?fortenyearssincetenyearsagosince3yearsagoHowlongHowlongHowlong（同义句）

用for和since填空:1.Wehaven’tseeneachother______alongtime.2.HisfatherhasbeenintheParty______10yearsago.3.Thefilmhasbeenon______20minutes.4.MrGreenhasworkedhere______hecametoChina.5.Hisgrandparentshavebeendead____severalyears.6.It’sfiveyears______wemetlasttime.forforforsincesincesincehavegoneto、havebeento、havebeenin1.主语+have/hasgone(to)+某地

某人已经去某地了(具体位置不详)2.主语+have/hasbeen(to)+某地

某人曾经到过某地(已经回来)主语+have/hasbeenin+某地+for+时间

某人去某地多久了(此刻就在谈论地点)He______________Beijing.他已经去北京了。He______________Beijingtwice.他曾去过北京两次。He______________Beijingfor3days.

他去北京三天了。

hasgonetohasbeentohasbeenin延续性动词和终止性(瞬间)动词英语的行为动词大体可以分为两大类型：一是延续性的动词二是终止性(瞬间)动词延续性动词：动作可以持续下去。如：work,read,write,study等。可以和一段时间状语或从句连用。

eg:Ihavestudied

fortwohours.

终止性(瞬间)动词是指那些动作一次完成，不能延续的动词。如：come,go,buy,die,join,begin等.

这些动词的肯定式不能和段时间状语连用。终止性(瞬间)

动词可以用于现在完成时，但不能和表示一段时间的状语连用。如可说“Hehasleft.”“Shehascomeback”但不能说“Hehasleftforthreeyears.”“Shehascomebackfortwodays”4.瞬间动词转化为延续的动词1).直接转化成延