专题03 完成式的主动被动形态（方法技巧+高考模拟）（期末复习讲义）（解析版）

3/3专题03完成式的主动被动形态（期末复习讲义）年份卷别考点考情分析2025新高考I卷现在完成进行时【考向透视】三种时态均以语法填空、选择题为主要考查形式，核心聚焦“语境逻辑+时间标志词”的精准判断，侧重考查现在完成进行时表动作持续的含义、过去完成时“过去的过去”的时间先后关系，以及过去完成时被动语态“动作被完成的时间与被动关系”的双重逻辑，同时强调与一般过去时、现在完成时的区分。【复习目标】熟练掌握三种时态的基本构成（现在完成进行时：have/hasbeendoing；过去完成时：haddone；过去完成时被动：hadbeendone）；精准识别高频时间标志词（如since、bytheendof+过去时间等），快速匹配对应时态；能通过语境判断动作的时间逻辑（持续/先后）与主动被动关系，区分易混时态；规避常见错误（如过去完成时被动漏写been、混淆现在完成时与现在完成进行时的含义）。新高考II卷过去完成时2024新高考II卷现在完成进行时全国甲卷过去完成时2023北京卷现在完成进行时全国乙卷过去完成时被动结构完成式完成式知识点01过去完成时核心定义：表示在“过去某一动作或时间点之前就已经完成的动作”，即“过去的过去”；句子中常含明确的过去时间参照点，或通过上下文体现动作先后顺序。1.主动形式：had+过去分词（done）用法：强调主语在过去某一时间前主动完成的动作。例句：WhenIarrivedatthestation,thetrainhadleft.我到达车站时，火车已经开走了。——“火车开走”发生在“到达车站”之前2.被动形式：hadbeen+过去分词（done）用法：强调主语在过去某一时间前被动承受的动作，即“动作被完成在过去参照点之前”。例句：Thebridgehadbeenbuiltbefore2020.这座桥在2020年之前就已经建成了。——“桥被建”发生在“2020年”前【即时检测】Whenshegottothecinema,thefilm____________________(begin).By2019,myfamily____________________(live)inthiscityfor20years.Themeeting____________________(already/hold)whenwearrived.Hesaidthathe____________________(never/see)suchabeautifulplacebefore.Allthebooks____________________(sell)outbytheendoflastmonth.Shetoldmethatshe____________________(finish)herreportthedaybefore.【答案】1.hadbegun2.hadlived3.hadalreadybeenheld4.hadneverseen5.hadbeensold6.hadfinished知识点02现在完成进行时核心定义：表示“动作从过去某一时间开始，一直持续到现在，并且很可能还会继续下去”；强调动作的“持续性”和“未中断性”，或近期内反复发生的动作。1.基本形式：have/hasbeen+现在分词（doing）用法1：持续到现在的动作，常与for（持续一段时间）、since（自从某时）连用。例句：Ithasbeenrainingforthreehours.雨已经下了三个小时了。——动作持续到现在，可能还在下雨ShehasbeenlearningEnglishsinceshewas5yearsold.她从5岁起就一直在学英语。——学习动作持续至今用法2：近期反复发生的动作，常带有“抱怨、不耐烦”的语气。例句：Hehasbeenmakingthesamemistakerecently.他最近一直在犯同样的错误。——反复犯错，含不满。【即时检测】They____________________(work)ontheprojectfortwoweeks.Mymother____________________(cook)inthekitchensince5o’clock.It____________________(snow)heavilyallmorning.He____________________(not/sleep)wellrecently.We____________________(learn)thisnewgrammarsincelastMonday.Thechild____________________(cry)for10minutesbecausehecan’tfindhismother.【答案】1.havebeenworking2.hasbeencooking3.hasbeensnowing4.hasnotbeensleeping5.havebeenlearning6.hasbeencrying易｜错｜点｜拨易错点1：过去完成时与一般过去时混淆规避方法：若句子中只有一个过去动作，用一般过去时；有两个过去动作，且存在“先后顺序”（先发生的用过去完成时，后发生的用一般过去时）。例：错误：WhenIarrived,heleft.正确：WhenIarrived,hehadleft.（“离开”在“到达”前）。易错点2：过去完成时被动形式结构错误规避方法：牢记被动结构“hadbeen+done”，不可遗漏“been”或错写为“was/were+done”（一般过去时被动）。例：错误：Theworkhadfinishedbeforehecame.正确：Theworkhadbeenfinishedbeforehecame.易错点3：现在完成进行时与现在完成时混淆规避方法：强调“动作持续的过程”→现在完成进行时（have/hasbeendoing）；强调“动作完成的结果或累计数量”→现在完成时（have/hasdone）。例：①我学英语5年了（强调持续过程）：IhavebeenlearningEnglishfor5years.②我已经学了500个单词（强调结果）：Ihavelearned500words.易错点4：现在完成进行时与一般现在时混淆规避方法：看到for/since等持续时间标志，且动作持续到现在，不可用一般现在时。例：错误：Iwaitforyouforanhour.正确：Ihavebeenwaitingforyouforanhour.易错点5：过去完成时滥用（无“过去的过去”语境）规避方法：若没有明确的过去参照点，仅陈述过去的动作，用一般过去时即可，无需用过去完成时。例：错误：Hehadgotupat7o’clockyesterday.正确：Hegotupat7o’clockyesterday.（无其他过去动作作参照）。解｜题｜技｜巧1.第一步：判时态——精准区分两种完成式①看“时间参照点”：若参照点是“过去的动作/时间”（如arrived、lastyear、bytheendoflast...），且动作在参照点前完成→过去完成时（主被动看主语与动作的关系）；②看“持续性标志”：若有for/since引导的持续时间，或强调“动作持续到现在、可能继续”→现在完成进行时（have/hasbeendoing）。2.第二步：定形式——快速锁定正确结构①过去完成时：主动→had+done；被动→hadbeen+done（看到“被”“by+动作执行者”优先考虑被动）；②现在完成进行时：不分主被动，统一→have/hasbeen+doing（注意主语单复数：第三人称单数用has，其余用have）。3.第三步：找标志——牢记高频时间标志词①过去完成时标志：bytheendof+过去时间（lastyear/2020...）、before+过去时间/过去动作、when/after/before引导的时间状语从句（从句用一般过去时，主句用过去完成时）、said/told等过去式动词后的宾语从句；②现在完成进行时标志：for+一段时间（threehours/2years...）、since+过去时间/过去动作（since2021/sincehecame...）、recently/thesedays/allmorning（近期持续）。基础通关（测试时间：10分钟）Bythetimewegotthere,theparty____________________(end).She____________________(read)thisbookfortwohours.Theletter____________________(send)beforeIknewit.They____________________(not/eat)anythingsincemorning.Hesaidhe____________________(visit)Beijingtwice.It____________________(rain)alldaytoday.Thehouse____________________(build)by2018.Mysister____________________(practice)thepianosince3o’clock.WhenIwokeup,thesun____________________(rise).We____________________(study)Englishfor6years.Allthetickets____________________(sell)outwhenwearrivedatthestation.He____________________(not/watch)TVrecently.Shetoldmeshe____________________(finish)herhomework.Thebaby____________________(cry)for15minutes.Bylastmonth,they____________________(plant)1000trees.I____________________(wait)foryousinceyoucalledme.【答案】1.hadended2.hasbeenreading3.hadbeensent4.havenotbeeneating5.hadvisited6.hasbeenraining7.hadbeenbuilt8.hasbeenpracticing9.hadrisen10.havebeenstudying11.hadbeensold12.hasnotbeenwatching13.hadfinished14.hasbeencrying15.hadplanted16.havebeenwaiting重难突破（测试时间：10分钟）Whenthepolicearrivedatthescene,thethief____________________(runaway)andthedoor____________________(break)open.Shetoldherfatherthatshe____________________(not/hear)fromherfriendsincetheygraduated.Bythetimeherealizeshismistake,mostofthetime____________________(waste).They____________________(work)onthenewplanforthreemonths,andtheyareabouttofinishit.Theteacherfoundthatthestudents____________________(already/handin)theirpapersbeforethedeadline.Sincehemovedtothiscity,he____________________(make)manynewfriendsand____________________(live)ahappylife.Theoldbuilding____________________(not/be/pulldown)bytheendoflastyearbecauseofthebadweather.Mymother____________________(cook)inthekitchenallafternoon,sosheisverytirednow.Hesaidthathe____________________(learn)toplaytheguitarforayearbeforehejoinedtheband.Bythetimetheconcertstarts,we____________________(wait)outsideforanhour.Theproject____________________(have/be/complete)bytheendofnextmonth,butwehadsomeproblemslastweek.She____________________(not/sleep)wellthesedaysbecausesheisbusywithherexam.WhenIgottothebookstore,thebookIwanted____________________(already/sell)out.We____________________(discuss)theproblemfortwohours,butwestillhaven’treachedanagreement.【答案】1.hadrunaway;hadbeenbroken2.hadnotheard3.willhavebeenwasted4.havebeenworking5.hadalreadyhandedin6.hasmade;hasbeenliving7.hadnotbeenpulleddown8.hasbeencooking9.hadbeenlearning10.willhavebeenwaiting11.willhavebeencompleted12.hasnotbeensleeping13.hadalreadybeensold14.havebeendiscussing易混易错（测试时间：10分钟）WhenIarrivedatthestation,thetrain____________________(leave/hadleft).I____________________(learn/havebeenlearning)Englishfor5years.（强调持续过程）He____________________(finish/hadfinished)hishomeworkat8o’clockyesterday.It____________________(rain/hasbeenraining)allmorning,andit’sstillraining.Shetoldmeshe____________________(see/hadseen)themoviebefore.We____________________(plant/haveplanted)20treessofar.（强调结果）Bytheendoflastyear,he____________________(work/hadworked)inthiscompanyfor10years.Mybrother____________________(play/hasbeenplaying)footballsincehegotup.Theletter____________________(send/wassent/hadbeensent)beforeIcalledher.I____________________(wait/amwaiting/havebeenwaiting)foryouforhalfanhour.He____________________(not/go/hadn’tgone)toschoolyesterdaybecausehewasill.They____________________(study/havebeenstudying)thisgrammarsincelastMonday.Thework____________________(finish/wasfinished/hadbeenfinished)whenthebosscameback.She____________________(cry/hasbeencrying)for10minutes,andhermotheriscomfortingher.By2020,myfamily____________________(live/hadlived)inthishousefor15years.【答案】1.hadleft2.havebeenlearning3.finished4.hasbeenraining5.hadseen6.haveplanted7.hadworked8.hasbeenplaying9.hadbeensent10.havebeenwaiting11.didn’tgo12.havebeenstudying13.hadbeenfinished14.hasbeencrying15.hadlived链接高考（测试时间：15分钟）（2025年北京卷・模拟卷）Bythetimewearrivedatthetheater,theplay____________________(start).（2025年上海卷・模拟卷）She____________________(learn)Englishfor10years,andshecanspeakitfluently.（2024年新高考I卷・改编Whenthefiremenarrived,thebigfire____________________(putout)bythevolunteers.（2024年新高考II卷・模拟卷）It____________________(rain)heavilyforhours,sotheroadswereflooded.（2024年浙江卷1月・语法填空）Hesaidthathe____________________(never/visit)t