湖北省云学联盟2026届高三上学期12月考试英语试卷（含解析）

2025年高三年级12月考试英语试卷注意事项:1.答题前，先将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在试卷和答题卡上，并将准考证号条形码粘贴在答题卡上的指定位置。2.选择题的作答:每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。写在试卷、草稿纸和答题卡上的非答题区域均无效。3.非选择题的作答:用黑色签字笔直接在题卡上对应的答题区域内。写在试卷、草稿纸和答题卡上的非答题区域均无效。4.考试结束后，请将答题卡上交。第二部分阅读（共两节，满分50分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。WildlifePhotographyCompetitionBBCWildlifemagazineislaunchingawildlifephotographycompetitioninassociationwithBelizeTourismBoardtolookforexceptionalphotosworldwide.ThecategoriesBBCWildlifechampionsthewell-beingofanimalsandtheenvironment,andthisshouldbereflectedinthecompetitionentries.Therearefivecategoriesyoucanenter：Portraits-strikingposesthatrevealthecharacterofananimal（individualorgroup）Behavior-imagesthatshowinterestingorexcitingbehavior（individualorgroup）Plantsandfungi-photoscelebratingplantsand/orfungi（individualorgroup）Cameraphone-creativeshotsofthenaturalworldtakenusingasmartphoneEnvironment-picturesthatcapturetheatmosphereofawildorchanginglandscapeHowtoenterThecompetitionopensat12pmonThursday18thDecember2025.Entriesmustbesubmittedbefore11：59pmon22ndDecember2025towildlifephoto-competition@.Whathappensnext?AninitialjudgingroundfromtheBBCWildlifemagazineeditorialteamandphotographerTonyRathwillcreateashortlistforeachcategory.Theshortlistedimageswillthengotoapublicvote,from12pmonThursday25thDecember2025to11：59pmSaturday27thDecember2025,onourwebsitetofindthewinnerineachcategory.Subsequently,anoverallwinnerwillbeselectedfromthefivecategorywinners.TheprizesTheoverallwinnerwinsatriptoBelizefortwopeople,worth£3,000.Thisincludesa7-nightstayfortwopeopleatChanChicLodge（）onabedandbreakfastbasis；economyreturnflightstoBelizefromaUKairport；transferstoandfromtheinternationalairportinBelize；plus,abirdingwalk,nightwalkandboattouratChanChic.TheprizecanbeusedfromDecember31st2025toDecember31st2026,withsomedatesexcluded.Pleaserefertothefulltermsandconditionsfordetails.ThefivecategorywinnerswilleachreceiveaVoltegiftset,worth£412.EachsetincludesaVoltewaterproofwarmjacket,aflashlightanda35-literbackpack.21.Whichofthefollowingbestfitsthe"Behavior"category?A.Aclose-upportraitofapandachewingbamboo.B.Afieldofsunflowersinfullbloomundersunlight.C.Amist-coveredmountainlandscapetakenwithasmartphone.D.Agroupofmonkeysplayfullychasingoneanotheramongtrees.22.Whichofthefollowingisthecorrectorderofthecompetitionprocess?a.Openforentriesb.Publicvotec.Firstroundjudgingd.Selectoverallwinnere.SubmitentriesA.eacbd B.eabcd C.aecbd D.aebcd23.Whatcanbeinferredaboutthecompetition’sprizes?A.Theoverallprizeisvaluedat£412fortwopeople.B.CategorywinnerswillreceiveatravelpackagetoBelize.C.Therearenorestrictionsontheusetimeoftheoverallprize.D.Theoverallwinner’sprizeexcludesmealcostsexceptbreakfast.BTheexcitementwasundeniableasmyfriendsandIbeganourseven-daytriptoKashmir.Forfourdays,everythingwasperfect.Onthefifthday,wewereplayinginthesnowwhenthewindsuddenlypickedup.Ihadwanderedawayfromthegroup,andbeforeIknewit,thesoundoflaughterfaded.Iwasalone,surroundedbyafrighteningsilenceandablindingwhiteblur.Myphonehadnosignal.Trappedinafrozenmaze,fearclosedin.Then,throughtheswirlingsnow,Isawafigurewalkingsteadilytowardme.Iwantedtocallout,buthesitated,unsureofwhethertotrustastranger.Butashedrewcloser,hiscalmgazeandquietpresencesparkedaflickerofhope."Areyoualright?"heaskedsoftly,hisvoicewarmdespitethecold."I’mlost,"Iadmitted,myvoicetrembling."Ican’tfindmyfriends,andthere’snosignalonmyphone."Henoddedknowingly."Thestormmakesithardtosee.You’reluckyIfoundyou.""HowdoIgetback?"Iasked,myvoiceshaky."Followme,"hesaidsimply."Iknowthisareawell."Wewalkedforwhatfeltlikehours.Suddenly,Isawthefaintoutlineofpeopleinthedistance.ReliefwashedovermelikeatidalwaveasIrealiseditwasmygroup.IhuggedthemtightlyandtoldthemaboutmyhelperbutwhenIlookedbacktothankhimoncemore,hewasnowheretobefound.ForamomentIwonderedifIhadimaginedthewholething.Ineversawthemanagainbutthatbriefencountertaughtmesomethingprecious：inourdarkestmomentsofbeinglostandscared,it’snotjustwhoyouknow,buttheunexpectedkindnessofastrangerwhoshowsupthatmattersmost.24.Howdidtheauthorfeelwhenlost?A.Inatemper. B.overthemoon.C.Inapanic. D.Inhighspirits.25.Whatcanbeinferredaboutthestranger?A.Hewasaprofessionallocalguide.B.Hewassentbytheauthor’sfriends.C.Hespottedtheauthorbycoincidence.D.Hewasfamiliarwiththeplaceandcomposed.26.Whatdoestheunderlinedsentence"ForamomentIwonderedifIhadimaginedthewholething"inPara7imply?A.Theauthorbelievedthehelperwasamagicalfigure.B.Theauthorremainedfrightenedevenafterreunitingwithhisfriends.C.Theauthorfoundthestranger’shelpsomiraculousthatitseemedunreal.D.Theauthorunwillinglybelievedthatthestrangerhadactuallyhelpedhim.27.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.FollowMe B.BravetheStormC.NeverWanderAlone D.AlwaysTrustStrangersCAstudypublishedinNatureonJuly16thoffersthestrongestevidencethattheurgetosleepiscausedbyabuild-upofelectronsinthemitochondria（线粒体）ofcertainbraincells.Iftrue,sleepmayhaveoriginallyemergedasawayofrepairingmitochondria,withitsotherbenefitsevolvinglater.Mitochondria,whichexistinalmostallhumanandanimalcells,supplyenergybytakingelectronsfromfuelmolecules（分子）obtainedfromfood.However,someelectronsleakoutduringthisprocess.Theseleakedelectronsreactwithoxygentocreateharmfulby-products—ifthesesubstancesbuildup,theywilldamagecells.Thenewstudypointsoutthatwhensleep-controlneuronsdetecttoomuchmitochondrialdamage,theycausesleep.Theseneuronsworklikecircuit-breakers：theymakethebrainfallintosleepbeforetoomanyelectronsaccumulate,preventingfurtherharm.Sleepthenrestoresthebalanceofelectronsandfixesdamagedmitochondria.Totestthisidea,scientistsdidexperimentsonfruitflies.First,theylabelledtheflies’sleep-controlneurons(calleddorsalfan-shapedbodyneurons,dFBNs)withaglowingprotein.Then,theydisruptedtheflies’sleepbykeepingtheminconstantmotionfor12hours.Aftertheexperiment,thescientistsobservedthedFBNsunderamicroscope.Theyfoundthatthemitochondriaintheseneuronshadbrokenapart—asignthatelectronshadcauseddamage.Butoncethefliesgotsomesleep,themitochondriajoinedbacktogether,justlikefixingabrokenobject.IvanaRosenzweig,aspecialistinsleepneuroscience,describesthefindingsasa"significantconceptualshift".Sinceenergysupplyislinkedtosleepinmanyspecies,electronbuild-upmayalsocausesleeppressureinhumans.Thestudy’sauthorsnotethatpeoplewithmitochondrialdisordersoftenfeelunusuallysleepy,andtheyhopetheresearchwillhelpsolvesleepdisordersandtiredness-relatedproblems.28.Whatcanweknowfromthefirsttwoparagraphs?A.Sleepmayinitiallyfixmitochondria.B.Mitochondriatakeelectronsfromfood.C.Electronsleakagedamagescellsdirectly.D.Neuronscausesleepwhenelectronsleak.29.Whydoestheauthormention"fruitflies"inparagraph3?A.Toexplainarule. B.Toclarifyaconcept.C.Tomakeaprediction. D.Toconfirmanassumption.30.WhatcanweinferfromIvanaRosenzweig’scomment?A.Electronbuild-uponlyaffectssleepinfruitflies.B.Previousstudiesonsleeppressurewerecompletelywrong.C.Thestudychangesthewaypeopleunderstandsleepcauses.D.Mitochondrialdisordersarethemaincauseofsleepproblems.31.Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?A.Toexplainhowtoimprovesleepquality.B.Tointroduceastudyonthecauseofsleepurge.C.Todiscussthelinkbetweendietandsleephealth.D.Tocomparedifferenttheoriesofmitochondrialrepair.DWhywouldameteorologistconcernherselfwiththerocksbeneathherfeet?Forgoodreason,ifshelivesinIceland.Thenationstraddles（横跨）theMid-AtlanticRidge,aboundarybetweentwoofEarth’scrustal（地壳的）plateswhicharedriftingapart.Thatallowshot,liquidrockcalledmagmatowellupfromthedepths.IcelandalsositsjustbelowtheArcticcircleandenjoysglacier-promotingtemperatures.Asaconsequenceofthesefacts,itishometo34activevolcanoes,halfofwhichareburiedundericeupto1kmthick.Astheclimatewarmsandthisicemelts,thevolcanoesbelowmaybecomemoreunstable.MichelleParksoftheIcelandicMeteorologicalOfficeisleadingathree-yearprojectthatwilltrytodeterminewhether,infuture,lessicecouldmeanmorefire.GlaciersbeardownuponEarth’scrust.Thepressuretheycreatesqueezestheunderlyingrock,raisingitsmeltingpoint.Removetheiceandtherockrebounding（thelandaroundsomeice-boundvolcanoesisrisingbyasmuchas3cmayear）,easingthepressure.Thatmeansthemeltingpointdrops,enhancingtheformationofmagma,whichtheneruptsfromvolcanoesaslava.EarlygeologicaldatacollectedbyDrParkssuggesttwoorthreetimesmoremagmaisbeingproducedbeneathIcelandthanwasthecaseacenturyago.Howthatplaysoutwilldependonhowthemagmareservoirsbeneathindividualvolcanoesarereshapedbythereboundingland.Somevolcanoesmayeruptmorefrequently；others,lessbutmoreviolently.Thismayalreadybehappening,withvolcanoeslikeGrimsvotnandBardarbungashowingincreasedactivities.Historicalevidencesupportsthislink；volcaniceruptionssurgedafterthelasticeage’sglaciersretreated.Thisphenomenonisn’tuniquetoIceland；itaffectsAntarctica,Alaska,andtheAndes.Whilesomeareasareremote,theAndesarenearpopulouscoastalregions.Millionscouldfacerisksfromdisruptedwatersuppliesormudslides.Asingleeruption,likeEyjafjallajokullin2010,cancauseglobaldisruption,provingthattheconsequencesofmeltingiceextendfarbeyondthefireitself.32.WhatcanbeinferredaboutIcelandfromthefirstparagraph?A.Itistheonlyplacewithactivevolcanoes.B.Ithastheworld’sfastest-meltingglaciers.C.Itsvolcaniceruptionsarethemostdocumented.D.Itsuniquegeologycreatesvolcanoesunderthickice.33.Howdoesmeltingiceaffectvolcanoes?A.Itcoolsthemagmadirectly.B.Itcausesthelandtosinkrapidly.C.Itinstantlygivesrisetoviolenteruptions.D.Itreducespressure,promotingmagmaformation.34.Whatmightbeafuturevolcanictrend?A.Allvolcanoeswilleruptmoreviolently.B.Magmaproductionwillstopinmostareas.C.Activitypatternswillvaryamongvolcanoes.D.Eruptionswillbecomelessfrequentglobally.35.WhatdoestheexampleofEyjafjallajokullin2010show?A.Icelandhasmanydangerousvolcanoes.B.VolcaniceruptionsarecommoninIceland.C.Theconsequencesofmeltingicearefar-reaching.D.TheAndesarealsoatriskfromvolcaniceruptions.第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。WebeganourbustripswhenIwasaroundsevenyearsold.Backthen,welivedwithmygrandparentsinOceanside,California.

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Myfatherhadn’tfoundsteadyemploymentyet,andwewerestrugglingtosecureanaffordableplacetocallourown.

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Butmymommadethebestofthesituation.ShecreatedfondmemoriesformybrotherJessandme.Thesewouldshapeourperspectivesforever.YetIdidn’tfullyappreciatethewisdombehindheractionsuntilmanyyearslater.Asitwas,onceortwiceaweek,mymomwouldtakeustothenearestbusstop.

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Thepublictransportationsystemintheareawasremarkablyextensive.Mymomearnedthesystemwellandwouldguideustovariousdestinations.We’dwindow-shopatnallsandwanderedaroundnearbyneighborhoods—nottobuyanything,buttoenjoythesightsanddosomepeople-watching.Onotheradventures,we’dtakethebusallthewaytoStrandBeach.

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We’dwatchshipssailbyinthedistanceandoftenhearhelicoptersorotheraircraftroaroverhead,headingtothenavalbaseatCampPendleton.Everytripwassomuchfun.Iwasgratefultoherforturningthattoughperiodintoagrandexpedition.MymomdidmorethanjustdistractJessandmefromourtroubles.Sheplantedinusaloveforkeepingoureyesopenandappreciatingaworldthatwasourstoenjoywithoutcostingmuch.

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A.Shenevercomplainedaboutthehardlife.B.Financesweretightforourfamilybackthen.C.Thatwasourstartingpointto"seetheworld."D.Itwouldhavebeeneasytogiveintofrustration.E.There,wecollectedsanddollarsandshellsassouvenirs.F.Wewouldspendhourstalkingtostrangerswemetonthebus.G.Sheshoweduswhateverweexperienced,therewasalwaysjoytofind.第三部分英语语言运用（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。In1993,highschoolseniorJedwasastar

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athisArizonahighschool,playingfootball,soccer,andtrack.Outwardlycheerful,he

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hisdifficulthomelifefromclassmates.Jed’smom,Gerryhadbeen

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himandhisbrother,Joshbyherself.Althoughsheworkedmultiplejobs,moneywasalways

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Despitetheirstruggles,Gerrydidn’twantheryoungersonto

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alettermanjacket:asymbolofathleticachievement.“I

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beingatthejacketshopwithmymom,and

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itmyself,”hesaysofthejacket—brightredandgoldfortheChaparralFirebirds,withhisnameandletter

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displayedonthefront.However,whenthe$300jacketwasready,hisfamilycouldn’t

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it.Heartbroken,heneverpickeditup.Jed’smomdiedin2012andJedandhisbrother

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inthefollowingyears.So,JedwassurprisedtogetacalloutofthebluefromJoshin2021.JoshhadfoundalettermanjacketinasmallArizonastoreandsentapicture.ToJed’s

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,itwashisjacket.Equallyamazed,Joshstroderighttothe

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andboughtit—for$25.Withinaweek,JedreturnedtoArizonaand

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thejacketforthefirsttime.Itfitperfectlyandwasclearlyunworn,evenbearingthe

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inspectiontaginthepocket.Jedwasnotevensurewhetheritwastheoriginaljacketshoporadifferentonethatinheriteditsstock.

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,itsreappearancefeltlikeamiracletobothJedandJosh:notonlydiditmakethemfeelthepresenceoftheirlatemom,butitalsobroughtthebrothersclosertogether.41.A.scholar B.coach C.volunteer D.athlete42.A.shared B.ignored C.hid D.accepted43.A.raising B.scolding C.deserting D.comforting44.A.sufficient B.increasing C.stable D.tight45.A.payattentionto B.missouton C.lookforwardto D.holdfastto46.A.remember B.enjoy C.imagine D.forget47.A.designing B.purchasing C.examining D.cleaning48.A.secretly B.proudly C.carelessly D.nervously49.A.find B.value C.afford D.repair50.A.tookover B.gottogether C.driftedaway D.madeup51.A.relief B.delight C.regret D.disbelief52.A.calculator B.tailor C.register D.donor53.A.triedon B.putaway C.showedoff D.tookin54.A.expensive B.original C.unique D.additional55.A.Asaresult B.Inthemeanwhile C.Atnotime D.Inanycase第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。NestledintheheartofPrague,atHastaIskaStreetNo1

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(lie)theMuseumofAlchemists(炼金术士)andMagiciansofOldPrague.Whileitmayseemlikejustanothercharmingbuildinginthisstoriedcity,itspastis

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(fascinate).

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(position)neartheGrandVia,avitalEuropeantraderoute,thehouseplayedhosttomerchantsbringingexoticgoodsandknowledgefromtheFarEast.Inthe15thcentury,ithousedaherbalchemist

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alchemistssoldmagicmedicines.EmperorRudolfIIlatertransformeditintohisalchemicallaboratoryinthe16thcentury.Today,thishousestands

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aproofofPrague’smysticalpast.Thebuildingexhibitsastrangeatmosphere,withnarrow,windingpassageways,mysteriouslightingandreproducedroomsfilledwithdustybooks,magicaltextsandmedicinebottles.Legendhas

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thatagoat-drawnflamingvehicle,usedtoappearinfrontofthehouse—atalethataddstoitsmystery.Visitors

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(treat)toanatmosphericjourneythroughalchemicalworkshopsandundergroundtunnels.

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(highlight)includetheoldeststairsinPragueandaparticularfocusonthelifeofthe16th-centuryalchemist,EdwardKelley.Afteratourofthemuseum,

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(sure)thatyoustopbythegiftshoptoacquireyourown"magicmedicine",andthenstrolldowntothebarforadifferentkindofdrinkthatmaynotpromiseeternalyouth

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willmakeyoureveningabitmoremagical.第四部分写作（共两节，满分40分）第一节（满分15分）假设你是李华,你的英国朋友Chris在邮件中提到对中国非物质文化遗产中的鱼灯很感兴趣。请你给他写一封回信,内容包括：1.象征意义；2.制作和表演形式；注意：1.词数80左右；2.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯；3.请按如下格式在答题卡相应位置作答。DearChris,______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Yours,LiHua.第二节（满分25分）67."Goodmorning,MissBolz."AfriendlymannamedJakegreetedmeasheplacedabreakfasttrayonthetablenexttomybed.Istruggledtositup,butafterbeinghospitalizedseveraldaysforseverebreathingdifficulties,mybodywasstillveryweak.Ihatedeveryminutehere.AllIwantedwastoregainstrengthfastandgobacktomyapartment.Mostpatientswereoldenoughtobemyparents.Worse,thetwoelderlywomeninmyroomkeptmeupawakeeverynightwiththeirmoansandcries.Iwasonedge,didn’tfeelliketalkingtoanyone,andwastotallytiredfromnotsleepingwell.Luckily,therewasonegoodthingaboutmystayhere：thefoodwasnice.SinceIhadtotakemedicinethatmademefeelmorehungrythanusual,Iwasthankfultohavethreedeliciousmealseveryday."Yougivemeoatmeal（燕麦粥）again.Thanksforrememberingthat,it’smyfavoritebreakfast！"Itoldtheyoungmanwhohadbroughtmytray.Jake’seyebrowsjumpedinsurprise."Oh——uh,thanks.Actually,wemakeoatmealforeveryoneeverymorning.But...noone’seversaidtheylikeitbefore."Herubbedthebackofhisneck,hisvoicesofteningalittle."Thekitchenteamgetsupat5a.m.tobakebreadandstirtheoatmealjustright.Mostdays,alltheyhearis‘toocold’or‘notsweetenough.’This…thisreallymeansalot."Ashecarriedtraystothetwowomeninmyroom,myeyesfellonthebreakfastmenuonmytray.Aclearthoughtpoppedintomyhead：whynotturnthisonekindwordintoadailyroutine?IfafewsimplewordscouldmakeJakesmilelikethat,thinkhowhappythey’dmakethekitchenteam.Andmaybe——justmaybe——itcouldmaketheselong,boringdaysfeelalittlebrighterformetoo.注意：1.续写词数应为150个左右；2.请按如下格式在相应位置作答。Ipulledoutthepenandwroteonthemenu.______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Slowly,thedaysfelt.lessboring.______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

参考答案及解析21．答案：D解析：细节理解题。根据“Behavior”类别定义句“imagesthatshowinterestingorexcitingbehavior(individualorgroup)”可知,须展示动物有趣或兴奋的行为。选项D“一群猴子在森林里快乐地追逐”体现群体行为,符合要求;选项A属“Portraits(肖像类)”、选项B属“Plantsandfungi(植物与真菌类)”、选项C属“Cameraphone(手机拍摄类)”或“Environment(环境类)”,均不符合。故选D项。22．答案：C解析：细节理解题。根据“Howtoenter”和“Whathappensnext?”部分内容可知,比赛流程为:a.开放报名(at12pmonThursday18thDecember2025)→e.提交作品(before11:59pmon22ndDecember2025)→c.初轮评审(Aninitialjudginground)→b.公众投票(from12pmonThursday25thDecember2025to11:59pmSaturday27thDecember2025)→d.选拔总冠军(anoverallwinnerwillbeselected)。因此正确顺序为aecbd。故选C项。23．答案：D解析：推理判断题。根据“Theprizes”部分对总冠军奖品的描述句“a7-nightstay…onabedandbreakfastbasis”可知,奖品仅包含早餐,其他餐费需自理。选项A总冠军奖品价值£3000,£412是类别获奖者奖品;选项B“travelpackagetoBelize”是总冠军奖品,类别获奖者获“Voltegiftset”;选项C原文明确“withsomedatesexcluded”,均不符合。故选D项。24．答案：C解析：情感态度题。根据第一段“Iwasalone,surroundedbyafrighteningsilenceandablindingwhiteblur…Trappedinafrozenmaze,fearclosedin”可知,作者迷路时处于恐慌状态。选项A“发脾气”、选项B“喜出望外”、选项D“兴致高昂”均与原文情感不符。故选C项。25．答案：D解析：推理判断题。根据第二段“hiscalmgazeandquietpresence”和第五段“Iknowthisareawell”可知,陌生人沉着且熟悉当地环境。选项A无依据、选项B非朋友所派、选项C非巧合发现,均不符合。故选D项。26．答案：C解析：句意理解题。根据划线句前句“whenIlookedbacktothankhimoncemore,hewasnowheretobefound”可知,作者觉得这段帮助太过神奇,仿佛不真实。选项A无依据、选项B作者已如释重负、选项D非不情愿相信,均不符合。故选C项。27．答案：A解析：主旨大意题。“FollowMe”是陌生人对作者说的关键指令,直接推动故事转折,既简洁又象征陌生人的引领与希望。选项B“勇闯风暴”侧重冒险,而本文核心是“被帮助”;选项C“切勿独自徘徊”像安全警示,未突出文章主旨;选项D“永远相信陌生人”绝对化,且与文中作者最初的犹豫矛盾。故选A项。28．答案：A解析：细节理解题。根据第一段“sleepmayhaveoriginallyemergedasawayofrepairingmitochondria”可知,睡眠最初可能是为了修复线粒体。选项B线粒体从燃料分子而非直接从食物获取电子、选项C电子泄漏间接损伤细胞、选项D检测到过多线粒体损伤时引发睡眠,均不符合。故选A项。29．答案：D解析：写作目的题。第三段开头提到“Totestthisidea,scientistsdidexperimentsonfruitflies.”(为了验证这一想法,科学家们在果蝇身上做了实验),“thisidea”指代前文提出的“睡眠欲望由线粒体中电子积累引起,睡眠可修复线粒体”的观点,因此作者通过果蝇实验来测试并验证前文提出的理论假设。选项A解释一个规则:文章并未通过果蝇实验来阐述一个普遍规则,而是在验证一个具体的科学观点。选项B阐明一个概念:果蝇实验部分没有用来解释或定义任何新概念,前文已对相关概念(如线粒体、睡眠控制神经元)进行了解释。选项C做出一个预测:实验是为了验证已有的假设,而不是基于假设去预测未来的结果或趋势。30．答案：C解析：推理判断题。IvanaRosenzweig将该研究结果描述为“significantconceptualshift”(重大的概念转变),结合前文传统认知未明确睡眠与线粒体电子积累的关联,可推断出该研究改变了人们对睡眠成因的理解方式。选项A“电子积累仅影响果蝇的睡眠”错误,原文提到“electronbuild-upmayalsocausesleeppressureinhumans”(电子积累也可能导致人类的睡眠压力);选项B“先前关于睡眠压力的研究完全错误”过于绝对,文中仅称该研究是“重大概念转变”,并未否定先前研究;选项D“线粒体疾病是睡眠问题的主要原因”无依据,原文仅提到线粒体疾病患者常感到异常困倦,并未说明是主要原因。故选C项。31．答案：B解析：主旨大意题。文章开篇即点明核心研究结论——睡眠欲望由线粒体中电子积累引起,随后介绍实验过程、专家评价及研究意义,整体围绕这项关于睡眠欲望成因的研究展开。选项A“解释如何改善睡眠质量”,文章未提及改善睡眠的方法;选项C“讨论饮食与睡眠健康的关联”无依据,文中未涉及饮食相关内容;选项D“比较不同的线粒体修复理论”,文章仅介绍了一项相关研究,未提及多种理论的对比。故选B项。32．答案：D解析：推理判断题。根据第一段“IcelandstraddlestheMid-AtlanticRidge…hometo34activevolcanoes,halfofwhichareburiedundericeupto1kmthick”可知,其“冰层下有活火山”的独特地质条件使其成为研究理想地点。选项A“唯一有活火山的地方”、选项B“全球融化最快的冰川”、选项C“火山爆发记录最多”均未提及。故选D项。33．答案：D解析：细节理解题。根据第二段“Removetheiceandtherockrebounds…easingthepressure.Thatmeansthemeltingpointdrops,enhancingtheformationofmagma”可知,冰川融化会促进岩浆形成。选项A“直接冷却岩浆”、选项B“导致陆地快速下沉”(原文是上升)、选项C“立即引发猛烈爆发”(原文是“可能更频繁或更猛烈”),均不符合。故选D项。34．答案：C解析：推理判断题。根据第三段“Somevolcanoesmayeruptmorefrequently;others,lessbutmoreviolently”可知,未来火山活动模式会因火山而异。选项A“所有火山都更猛烈”、选项B“大多数地区岩浆停止产生”、选项D“全球喷发次数减少”均与原文矛盾。故选C项。35．答案：C解析：例证题。根据最后一段“Asingleeruption,likeEyjafjallajokullin2010,cancauseglobaldisruption,provingthattheconsequencesofmeltingiceextendfarbeyondthefireitself”可知,该例子是为了说明冰川融化的影响深远。选项A“冰岛有许多危险火山”、选项B“冰岛火山喷发常见”;选项D“安第斯山脉也面临火山风险”均未体现例子核心目的。故选C项。36．答案：B解析：根据后文“Myfatherhadn’tfoundsteadyemploymentyet,andwewerestrugglingtosecureanaffordableplacetocallourown.”(我父亲还没有找到稳定的工作,我们很难找到一个负担得起的家),可知空格处应体现家庭经济状况不佳,B选项“那时候我们家经济很紧张”起到承上启下的作用,既呼应前文“和祖父母同住”的背景,又为后文母亲带孩子低成本出行做铺垫。37．答案：D解析：后文“Butmymommadethebestofthesituation.”(但我妈妈充分利用了当时的情况)中“but”表示转折,说明空格处应体现当时情况的艰难,容易让人沮丧,D选项“屈服于挫折本是件容易的事”符合语境,与后文母亲的积极态度形成对比。38．答案：C解析：前文“mymomwouldtakeustothenearestbusstop”(妈妈会带我们去最近的公交车站),后文“guideustovariousdestinations”(带我们去各个目的地),可知公交车站是他们出行的起点,C选项“那是我们’看世界’的起点”衔接自然,“startingpoint”与“busstop”对应,“seetheworld”与后文“variousdestinations”呼应。39．答案：E解析：前文“takethebusallthewaytoStrandBeach”(乘公交车去斯特兰德海滩),可知空格处应描述在海滩的活动,E选项“在那里,我们收集沙钱和贝壳作为纪念品”符合海滩场景,“there”指代前文的“StrandBeach”,逻辑连贯。40．答案：G解析：前文“Sheplantedinusaloveforkeepingoureyesopenandappreciatingaworldthatwasourstoenjoywithoutcostingmuch.”(她让我们学会了留心观察,欣赏这个无需花费太多就能享受的世界),可知空格处应进一步体现母亲传递的生活态度,G选项“她向我们展示,无论经历什么,总能找到乐趣”是对前文母亲行为和教育意义的总结,升华主题。41．答案：D解析：由后句“playingfootball,soccer,andtrack”可知,Jed参与多项运动,是一名运动员。故选D项。42．答案：C解析：由前句“Outwardlycheerful”和后句“difficulthomelife”可知,他表面开朗,实则隐藏了家庭困境。故选C项。43．答案：A解析：由“byherself”和“hisbrother”可知,妈妈独自抚养他和弟弟。故选A项。44.．答案：D解析：由“sheworkedmultiplejobs”可知,家庭经济紧张。“moneyistight”为固定表达,意为资金紧张。故选D项。45．答案：B解析：由语境可知,妈妈不想让他错过字母夹克的重要仪式,“missouton”表示错过。故选B项。46．答案：A解析：由后文夹克失而复得的情节可知,Jed记得和妈妈去夹克店的经历。故选A项。47．答案：A解析：由后句“withhisnameandletter…displayedonthefront”可知,他参与了夹克的设计。故选A项。48．答案：B解析：由字母夹克是运动员荣誉象征可知,名字和字母应自豪地展示。故选B项。49．答案：C解析：由“$300jacket”和前文经济紧张的语境可知,家庭负担不起这件夹克。故选C项。50．答案：C解析：由后句“JedwassurprisedtogetacalloutofthebluefromJosh