全国英语博士试题及答案

全国英语博士试题及答案

一、单项选择题（每题2分，共10题）1.Theword"ubiquitous"isclosestinmeaningto:A)rareB)commonC)ancientD)futuristicAnswer:B2.Whichofthefollowingisacorrectuseofthepastperfecttense?A)Shehasgonetothestore.B)Shehadgonetothestorebeforehecalled.C)Shewillgotothestore.D)Shegoestothestore.Answer:B3.Inthesentence"Thecommittee,includingthechair,ismeetingtomorrow,"thephrase"includingthechair"is:A)anappositiveB)aparticipialphraseC)aninfinitivephraseD)aprepositionalphraseAnswer:A4.Theterm"juxtaposition"refersto:A)theactofplacingtwothingssidebysideforcomparisonB)theprocessofhidingsomethingC)theactofcombiningdifferentelementsD)theactofdescribingsomethingindetailAnswer:A5.Whichofthefollowingisacorrectuseofthepassivevoice?A)Thebookwasreadbythestudent.B)Thestudentreadsthebook.C)Thebookreadsthestudent.D)Thestudentisreadingthebook.Answer:A6.Theword"serendipity"isclosestinmeaningto:A)luckB)intelligenceC)creativityD)determinationAnswer:A7.Inthesentence"Sheisastallasherbrother,"theword"as"isfunctioningas:A)aconjunctionB)aprepositionC)anadverbD)anadjectiveAnswer:C8.Theterm"mythology"refersto:A)thestudyofgodsandgoddessesinvariousculturesB)thecreationoffictionalstoriesC)thehistoryofanationD)thescientificstudyoftheuniverseAnswer:A9.Theword"pithy"isclosestinmeaningto:A)verboseB)conciseC)emotionalD)complexAnswer:B10.Inthesentence"Thedogbarkedloudly,"theword"loudly"is:A)anadjectiveB)anounC)anadverbD)aprepositionAnswer:C二、多项选择题（每题2分，共10题）1.Whichofthefollowingaretypesofnarrativetechniques?A)first-personnarrativeB)third-personomniscientC)second-personnarrativeD)flashbacksAnswer:A,B,C,D2.Whatarethemaincomponentsofathesisstatement?A)aclaimB)supportingevidenceC)athesisstatementshouldbeconciseD)athesisstatementshouldbedebatableAnswer:A,C,D3.Whichofthefollowingareexamplesofliterarydevices?A)metaphorB)simileC)alliterationD)personificationAnswer:A,B,C,D4.Whatarethestagesofthewritingprocess?A)prewritingB)draftingC)revisingD)editingAnswer:A,B,C,D5.Whichofthefollowingaretypesofessays?A)narrativeessayB)persuasiveessayC)descriptiveessayD)expositoryessayAnswer:A,B,C,D6.Whatarethefunctionsofaconclusioninanessay?A)tosummarizethemainpointsB)toprovideafinalthoughtorreflectionC)tointroducenewinformationD)toleavealastingimpressiononthereaderAnswer:A,B,D7.Whichofthefollowingareexamplesoftransitionalwordsandphrases?A)howeverB)thereforeC)moreoverD)furthermoreAnswer:A,B,C,D8.Whatarethecomponentsofawell-structuredparagraph?A)atopicsentenceB)supportingsentencesC)aconcludingsentenceD)atransitiontothenextparagraphAnswer:A,B,C9.Whichofthefollowingaretypesofpoeticdevices?A)rhymeB)rhythmC)meterD)alliterationAnswer:A,B,C,D10.Whatarethemainelementsofaresearchpaper?A)introductionB)literaturereviewC)methodologyD)resultsanddiscussionAnswer:A,B,C,D三、判断题（每题2分，共10题）1.Thepastperfecttenseisusedtodescribeanactionthathappenedbeforeanotherpastaction.Answer:True2.Theword"affect"isanoun.Answer:False3.Theterm"allusion"referstoadirectquotefromasource.Answer:False4.Theword"jargon"referstolanguagethatiseasytounderstand.Answer:False5.Theterm"protagonist"referstothemaincharacterinastory.Answer:True6.Theword"ambiguous"meansclearandstraightforward.Answer:False7.Theterm"metaphor"isafigureofspeechthatuses"like"or"as."Answer:False8.Theword"plagiarism"referstotheactofcopyingsomeoneelse'sworkandpresentingitasone'sown.Answer:True9.Theterm"syntax"referstothearrangementofwordsinasentence.Answer:True10.Theword"euphemism"referstoamildorlessdirectwayofsayingsomething.Answer:True四、简答题（每题5分，共4题）1.Whatisthedifferencebetweenasimileandametaphor?Answer:Asimileisafigureofspeechthatdirectlycomparestwodifferentthingsusingthewords"like"or"as,"whileametaphorisafigureofspeechthatindirectlycomparestwodifferentthingsbystatingonethingisanother.Forexample,"Sheisasbraveasalion"isasimile,whereas"Sheisalion"isametaphor.2.Whatarethemaincomponentsofawell-structuredthesisstatement?Answer:Themaincomponentsofawell-structuredthesisstatementincludeaclearandconciseclaim,astatementofthemainargumentorpoint,andabriefoutlineofthesupportingevidenceorpointsthatwillbediscussedintheessay.3.Whatarethedifferencesbetweentheactiveandpassivevoice?Answer:Theactivevoiceisusedwhenthesubjectofthesentenceperformstheactiondescribedbytheverb,whilethepassivevoiceisusedwhenthesubjectofthesentenceisacteduponbytheverb.Forexample,"Theteachergradedthepapers"isactive,whereas"Thepapersweregradedbytheteacher"ispassive.4.Whatarethemainelementsofawell-structuredparagraph?Answer:Themainelementsofawell-structuredparagraphincludeacleartopicsentencethatstatesthemainidea,supportingsentencesthatprovideevidenceordetailstosupportthetopicsentence,andaconcludingsentencethatsummarizesthemainpointsorprovidesafinalthoughtonthetopic.五、讨论题（每题5分，共4题）1.Discusstheimportanceofunderstandingliterarydevicesinreadingandwriting.Answer:Understandingliterarydevicesiscrucialinbothreadingandwritingastheyenhancetheclarity,effectiveness,andemotionalimpactofcommunication.Inreading,recognizingliterarydeviceshelpsreadersappreciatethedepthandartistryofatext,whileinwriting,usingthesedevicescanmakethewritingmoreengagingandpersuasive.Forexample,metaphorsandsimilescancreatevividimagery,whilealliterationcanaddarhythmicqualitytothewriting.2.Discusstheroleofthewritingprocessinproducingahigh-qualityessay.Answer:Thewritingprocessplaysavitalroleinproducingahigh-qualityessay.Itinvolvesseveralstages,includingprewriting,drafting,revising,andediting.Prewritinghelpsinbrainstormingandorganizingideas,draftingallowsfortheinitialexpressionoftheseideas,revisinghelpsinimprovingthecontentandstructure,andeditingfocusesonrefininggrammarandpunctuation.Eachstagecontributestothedevelopmentofawell-craftedessay.3.Discusstheimportanceoftransitionalwordsandphrasesinanessay.Answer:Transitionalwordsandphrasesareessentialinanessayastheyguidethereaderthroughthetext,creatingasmoothflowofideas.Theyhelpinestablishingrelationshipsbetweensentencesandparagraphs,suchasaddition,contrast,causeandeffect,andconclusion.Forexample,wordslike"however"