2025年CFA二级经济学模拟题库

2025年CFA二级经济学模拟题库考试时间：______分钟总分：______分姓名：______Question1:TheSolowgrowthmodelpredictsthatinthelongrun,aneconomywillconvergetoasteadystatewherepercapitaoutputperperiodisdeterminedbywhichofthefollowing?A)Thelevelofitscapitalstockandtherateoftechnologicalprogress.B)Therateofpopulationgrowthandtherateofdepreciation.C)Theleveloftechnologyandtherateofpopulationgrowth.D)Therateofsavingsandtherateofdepreciation.Question2:ThePhillipscurveillustratestherelationshipbetween:A)Inflationandeconomicgrowth.B)UnemploymentandrealGDP.C)Inflationandunemployment.D)Interestratesandexchangerates.Question3:Themonetarypolicytransmissionmechanismsuggeststhatanincreaseinthemoneysupply,allelsebeingequal,willlikelyleadto:A)Adecreaseinaggregatedemand,causingbothoutputandthepriceleveltofall.B)Anincreaseinaggregatedemand,causingbothoutputandthepriceleveltorise.C)Adecreaseinaggregatedemand,causingthepriceleveltofallandoutputtorise.D)Anincreaseinaggregatedemand,causingthepriceleveltofallandoutputtorise.Question4:IftheFederalReserveengagesinopenmarketpurchases,itwill:A)Increasethemoneysupply,raisethefederalfundsrate,anddecreasetheequilibriumlevelofoutputintheshortrun.B)Decreasethemoneysupply,lowerthefederalfundsrate,anddecreasetheequilibriumlevelofoutputintheshortrun.C)Increasethemoneysupply,lowerthefederalfundsrate,andincreasetheequilibriumlevelofoutputintheshortrun.D)Decreasethemoneysupply,raisethefederalfundsrate,andincreasetheequilibriumlevelofoutputintheshortrun.Question5:Accordingtothetheoryofpurchasingpowerparity(PPP),iftheinflationrateinCountryAis4%andtheinflationrateinCountryBis2%,approximatelywhatchangeintheexchangeratebetweenthetwocountriesisexpected,holdingotherfactorsconstant?A)ThecurrencyofCountryAisexpectedtodepreciateby2%againstthecurrencyofCountryB.B)ThecurrencyofCountryAisexpectedtoappreciateby2%againstthecurrencyofCountryB.C)ThecurrencyofCountryAisexpectedtodepreciateby6%againstthecurrencyofCountryB.D)ThecurrencyofCountryAisexpectedtoappreciateby6%againstthecurrencyofCountryB.Question6:Whichofthefollowingstatementsismostconsistentwiththeconceptofabsoluteadvantage?A)CountryXcanproduce100unitsofgoodAwith10hoursoflabor,whileCountryYcanproduce100unitsofgoodAwith20hoursoflabor.CountryXhasanabsoluteadvantageinproducinggoodA.B)CountryXcanproduce100unitsofgoodAwith10hoursoflabor,whileCountryYcanproduce50unitsofgoodBwith10hoursoflabor.CountryYhasanabsoluteadvantageinproducinggoodB.C)CountryXcanproduce100unitsofgoodAwith10hoursoflabor,whileCountryYcanproduce80unitsofgoodAwith15hoursoflabor.CountryYhasanabsoluteadvantageinproducinggoodA.D)CountryXcanproduce100unitsofgoodAwith10hoursoflabor,whileCountryYcanproduce100unitsofgoodAwith5hoursoflabor.CountryYhasanabsoluteadvantageinproducinggoodA.Question7:Inaperfectlycompetitivemarket,inthelongrun,firmswillearn:A)Positiveeconomicprofits,attractingnewentrantsintotheindustry.B)Zeroeconomicprofit,withpriceequaltoaveragetotalcost.C)Negativeeconomicprofits,leadingtotheexitoffirmsfromtheindustry.D)Positiveeconomicprofits,withpriceexceedingaveragetotalcost.Question8:Afirmoperatinginmonopolisticcompetitionfaces:A)Aperfectlyelasticdemandcurveandearnspositiveeconomicprofitsinthelongrun.B)Adownward-slopingdemandcurveandearnszeroeconomicprofitinthelongrun.C)Aperfectlyinelasticdemandcurveandearnspositiveeconomicprofitsinthelongrun.D)Adownward-slopingdemandcurveandfacessignificantbarrierstoentry.Question9:Whichofthefollowingisconsideredanegativeexternality?A)Theproductionofagoodgeneratespollution,affectingthehealthofnearbyresidents.B)Afirminvestsinresearchanddevelopment,leadingtotechnologicaladvancementsthatbenefitsociety.C)Aconsumerbuysaproduct,increasingthedemandforaresourceanditsprice.D)Aworkerreceivestraining,increasingtheirproductivityandbenefitingtheiremployer.Question10:Ifafirm'smarginalcost(MC)isincreasingandliesaboveitsaveragetotalcost(ATC),then:A)Thefirmisproducingatitsminimumefficientscale.B)Thefirm'sATCisatitsminimum.C)Thefirm'sATCisdecreasing.D)Thefirm'sATCisincreasing.Question11:Theconceptofopportunitycostisbestdefinedas:A)Theexplicitmonetarycostofproducingagoodorservice.B)Thevalueofthenextbestalternativeforegonewhenmakingadecision.C)Thedifferencebetweentheactualrevenueandtheaccountingcostofaproject.D)Thesumofallexplicitandimplicitcostsincurredintheproductionprocess.Question12:Whichofthefollowingismostlikelytoincreasethedemandforlabor?A)Adecreaseinthewagerate.B)Atechnologicaladvancementthatcomplementslabor.C)Anincreaseinthepriceofthegoodthatthelaborproduces.D)Adecreaseintheproductivityoflabor.Question13:Thetheoryofcomparativeadvantagesuggeststhat:A)Countriesshouldproduceallgoodsdomestically,regardlessoftheirefficiency.B)Countriesshouldonlyengageintradeiftheyhaveanabsoluteadvantageinproducingagood.C)Countriescanbenefitfromtradebyspecializingintheproductionofgoodsforwhichtheyhavealoweropportunitycost.D)Tradebetweencountrieswillalwaysleadtoadecreaseinworldoutput.Question14:Inthecontextofinternationalfinance,theuncoveredinterestrateparity(UIP)theorysuggeststhat:A)Theexchangeratebetweentwocurrencieswilladjusttoequalizethereturnsoninvestmentsinthosetwocountries,ignoringtransactioncosts.B)Theexchangeratebetweentwocurrenciesisdeterminedsolelybytherelativelevelsofinflationinthosetwocountries.C)Capitalwillflowfreelybetweencountries,eliminatinganydifferencesininterestrates.D)Theforwardexchangerateisalwaysequaltothespotexchangerate.Question15:Whichofthefollowingisaprimarygoalofmonetarypolicy?A)Tomaximizethelevelofunemploymentintheeconomy.B)Tominimizethelevelofinflationintheeconomy.C)Toensurethatthefinancialsystemremainsstableandefficient.D)Tomaximizetherateofeconomicgrowthintheshortrun,regardlessoftheinflationrate.Question16:TheIS-LMmodelillustratestherelationshipbetween:A)Inflationandeconomicgrowthintheshortrun.B)Themoneysupplyandthepricelevelinthelongrun.C)Theinterestrateandthelevelofoutputinthegoodsmarketandmoneymarket.D)Unemploymentandthewagerateinthelabormarket.Question17:Ifthegovernmentincreasesitsspendingoninfrastructure,theimmediateimpactontheeconomy,accordingtotheKeynesiancrossmodel,willbe:A)Adecreaseinaggregatedemand,leadingtoadecreaseinbothoutputandthepricelevel.B)Anincreaseinaggregatedemand,leadingtoanincreaseinbothoutputandthepricelevel.C)Nochangeinaggregatedemand,astheincreaseingovernmentspendingwillbeoffsetbyadecreaseinprivateinvestment.D)Adecreaseinaggregatedemand,leadingtoanincreaseinthepricelevelandadecreaseinoutput.Question18:Acountryexperiencesanegativesupplyshock,leadingtoadecreaseinitspotentialoutput.Thelong-runeffectofthisshock,accordingtotheAS-ADmodel,willbe:A)Adecreaseinthepricelevelandadecreaseinthelevelofoutput.B)Anincreaseinthepricelevelandanincreaseinthelevelofoutput.C)Adecreaseinthepricelevelandanincreaseinthelevelofoutput.D)Anincreaseinthepricelevelandadecreaseinthelevelofoutput.Question19:Whichofthefollowingisapotentialcostofinternationaltrade?A)Increasedcompetitionfordomesticfirms,leadingtolowerprofits.B)Greaterefficiencyinresourceallocationandincreasedconsumerwelfare.C)Reducedinnovationduetotheinfluxofforeigngoods.D)Eliminationofunemploymentascountriesspecializeindifferentgoods.Question20:Theconceptof"asymmetricinformation"ineconomicsrefersto:A)Situationswheremarketparticipantshaveequalaccesstoinformation.B)Situationswhereonepartyinatransactionhasmoreorbetterinformationthantheotherparty.C)Situationswhereinformationisfreelyavailabletoallmarketparticipants.D)Situationswhereinformationisperfectlypricedandefficientlyallocatedinthemarket.Question21:Aconsumerderivesutilityfromconsumingtwogoods,XandY.IfthepriceofgoodXincreaseswhilethepriceofgoodYandtheconsumer'sincomeremainconstant,theconsumerwill:A)Alwaysdecreasetheirconsumptionofbothgoods.B)AlwaysincreasetheirconsumptionofgoodYanddecreasetheirconsumptionofgoodX.C)MayincreaseordecreasetheirconsumptionofgoodY,dependingonthesubstitutionandincomeeffects.D)Notchangetheirconsumptionofeithergood,asthepricechangeonlyaffectsrelativeprices,notrealincome.Question22:Afirmoperatesinamarketstructurecharacterizedbyafewlargefirmsthatareinterdependentintheirdecision-making.Thismarketstructureisknownas:A)Perfectcompetition.B)Monopolisticcompetition.C)Monopoly.D)Oligopoly.Question23:Theprimarysourceofeconomicgrowthinthelongrunisgenerallyconsideredtobe:A)Increasesinthelaborforcesize.B)Increasesinthecapitalstock.C)Technologicalprogress.D)Governmentinterventionintheeconomy.Question24:TheFishereffectsuggestsarelationshipbetween:A)Thenominalinterestrate,therealinterestrate,andtheexpectedrateofinflation.B)Themoneysupply,thepricelevel,andthevelocityofmoney.C)Theexchangerate,theinterestrate,andtheexpectedrateofinflation.D)Thelevelofoutput,thepricelevel,andtheaggregatedemandcurve.Question25:Ifacountry'scentralbankunexpectedlyincreasesitstargetinflationrate,theimmediateimpactoninflationexpectations,accordingtorationalexpectationstheory,willbe:A)Nochange,asinflationexpectationsarebasedonpastinflationratesonly.B)Anincrease,aspeoplewillanticipatehigherfutureinflation.C)Adecrease,aspeoplewillanticipatelowerfutureinflation.D)Unpredictable,dependingonthecredibilityofthecentralbank.Question26:TheLaffercurveillustratestherelationshipbetween:A)Themoneysupplyandthepricelevel.B)Taxratesandthetotaltaxrevenuecollectedbythegovernment.C)Thelevelofoutputandtherateofunemployment.D)Theinterestrateandthelevelofinvestment.Question27:Whichofthefollowingisapotentialbenefitofgovernmentinterventioninamarketwithanegativeexternality?A)Anincreaseintheequilibriumpriceandquantityofthegood.B)Adecreaseintheequilibriumpriceandquantityofthegood.C)Anincreaseintheequilibriumquantityandadecreaseintheequilibriumpriceofthegood.D)Anincreaseintheequilibriumquantityandadecreaseintheequilibriumpriceofthegood,leadingtoamoreefficientallocationofresources.Question28:Afirm'saveragefixedcost(AFC)will:A)Decreaseasthefirmincreasesitsoutput.B)Increaseasthefirmincreasesitsoutput.C)Remainconstantasthefirmincreasesitsoutput.D)Firstincrease,thendecreaseasthefirmincreasesitsoutput.Question29:Theconceptof"comparativeadvantage"suggeststhat:A)Countriesshouldproducegoodsonlyiftheycanproducethematthelowestpossiblecost.B)Countriesshouldnotengageintradeiftheyarenotthemostefficientproducersofallgoods.C)Countriescanbenefitfromtradebyspecializingintheproductionofgoodsforwhichtheyhavealoweropportunitycost,regardlessoftheirabsoluteefficiency.D)Tradebetweencountrieswillalwaysleadtoalossforsomecountries.Question30:Whichofthefollowingstatementsismostconsistentwiththeprincipleofdiminishingreturns?A)Asmoreunitsofavariableinputareaddedtoafixedinput,themarginalproductofthevariableinputwillalwaysincrease.B)Asmoreunitsofavariableinputareaddedtoafixedinput,themarginalproductofthevariableinputwilleventuallydecrease.C)Themarginalproductofavariableinputwillalwaysbeequaltotheaverageproductofthatinput.D)Thetotalproductofafirmwillneverdecreaseasmoreunitsofavariableinputareadded.试卷答案Question1:A解析思路：根据索洛增长模型，在长期稳态中，人均资本存量取决于储蓄率、人口增长率和技术进步率。技术进步率决定了生产函数的向上移动，从而影响长期人均产出水平。资本积累会因折旧和人口增长而逐渐趋于平衡，最终人均资本和人均产出由技术水平和人口增长率共同决定。Question2:C解析思路：菲利普斯曲线的核心是揭示通货膨胀率与失业率之间的短期权衡关系。通常情况下，低失业率伴随着高通胀，高失业率伴随着低通胀。Question3:B解析思路：货币政策传导机制的核心是货币供应量的变化影响利率，进而影响投资和消费，最终影响总需求。增加货币供应通常会降低利率，刺激投资和消费，导致总需求上升，从而推高价格水平和实际产出。Question4:C解析思路：美联储通过公开市场购买政府债券，向市场注入货币，增加货币基础，导致货币供应量增加。货币供应量增加通常会使联邦基金利率（短期利率）下降。根据IS-LM模型，利率下降会刺激投资，增加总需求，从而在短期内提高均衡产出水平。Question5:A解析思路：购买力平价理论认为，两个国家的货币汇率将调整至使两国同一种商品的购买力相等。如果一国通胀率高于另一国，其货币的购买力下降，因此其货币相对于另一国货币应贬值。通胀率差异为4%（国A）-2%（国B）=2%，因此国A货币预期贬值2%。Question6:A解析思路：绝对优势是指一个国家生产某种商品所需的劳动时间少于另一个国家。根据题目，国A生产100单位A商品用10小时，国B用20小时，国A生产相同数量商品所需劳动时间更少，因此国A在生产商品A上具有绝对优势。Question7:B解析思路：在完全竞争市场长期均衡中，新进入者会驱散经济利润，最终所有厂商只能获得零经济利润。零经济利润意味着价格等于平均总成本（P=ATC），厂商刚好覆盖所有成本，包括机会成本。Question8:B解析思路：垄断竞争市场特征是：存在许多厂商，产品有差异，厂商面临向下倾斜的需求曲线（因为产品有替代品），长期内由于自由进入，经济利润会为零。零经济利润意味着P=ATC。Question9:A解析思路：负外部性是指经济活动给第三方带来了成本，但该成本没有在市场价格中得到反映。污染是典型的负外部性例子，生产活动产生污染影响居民健康，但污染成本未计入产品价格。Question10:D解析思路：当边际成本（MC）高于平均总成本（ATC）时，意味着生产最后一单位产品的成本高于平均成本，这会拉高平均总成本，导致ATC曲线处于上升阶段。Question11:B解析思路：机会成本是指为了得到某种东西而所要放弃另一些东西的最大价值。它是决策时必须考虑的核心概念，即选择一个方案意味着放弃了其他方案中最好的那个。Question12:B解析思路：技术进步如果与劳动互补，会提高劳动生产率，使得厂商愿意雇佣更多工人，因为每个工人能创造更多价值。这会增加对劳动的需求。Question13:C解析思路：比较优势理论指出，即使一个国家在所有商品上都具有绝对优势，它仍然可以从贸易中获益，因为它可以专注于生产它具有较低机会成本（即相对效率更高）的商品。Question14:A解析思路：未抵补利率平价（UIP）理论认为，由于资本寻求回报，在没有交易成本的情况下，两个国家无风险投资的预期回报率应相等。这意味着两国之间的利率差异应等于预期汇率变动率。汇率变动会调整以使回报率相等。Question