湖南省湘西土家族苗族自治州高三上学期一模英语试题

保密★启用前高三质检一英语考生注意：1.答题前，考生务必将自己的姓名、考生号填写在试卷和答题卡上，并将考生号条形码粘贴在答题卡上的指定位置。2.回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。3.考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有2分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。例：Howmuchistheshirt?A.£19.15.B.£9.18.C.£9.15.答案是C。1.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】Whatdoesthewomanurgethemantodo?A.Finda3Dprinter. B.Checkhisschedule. C.Signupforacourse.【答案】C【解析】【原文】W:Leo,didyouregisterforthe3Dprintingcourse?M:Notyet.I’mstillcheckingtheschedule.W:Betterhurry!Thefirstsessionistomorrow,andthespotsarealmostfull.2.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】Wheredoestheconversationtakeplace?A.Intheshop. B.Intheman’shome. C.Intheschool.【答案】A【解析】【原文】M:Mom,therunningshoesareonsale—onlyhalfprice!W:Theydolooknice.Trythemonandwalkaround.M:They’rereallyfortable.W:Okay,we’lltakethispair.3.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】Whatwillthewomanprobablydonext?A.Takethesubway. B.Headfortheoffice. C.Buyanumbrella.【答案】B【解析】【原文】W:Sir,Ileftmyumbrellaonthesubwaythismorning.M:Whichlineandstation?W:Line2,EastPark.M:YoucancheckLost&Foundatthestationoffice.W:Thanksalot!4.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】Whatarethespeakersmainlytalkingabout?A.Anelection. B.Aspeech. C.Anassociation.【答案】A【解析】【原文】W:Haveyouseenthelatestvoteresultsforourassociation?M:Yes.Jennyleadswith48%,Josephhas35%andthere’s17%undecided.W:Interesting.Let’swatchtheirspeechesbeforevoting.5.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】Howmuchdoesthehotelnormallychargenow?A.£80. B.£90. C.£100.【答案】C【解析】【原文】M:Madam,Ihopeyou’veenjoyedyourstaywithus.W:Yes,itwaslovely,butIhadtopay£90.LasttimeIonlypaid£80.M:I’msorry,Madam.Butthatisactuallya10%discountoffournormalpriceasyou’rearegularguest.第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听下面一段对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】6.WhydoesthemantalktoMary?A.Toforther. B.Toaskforhelp. C.Toapologizetoher.7.WhatisMarygoingtodotomorrownight?A.Givethemanaride. B.Prepareforanexam. C.DateJudy.【答案】6.B7.B【解析】【原文】M:Hello,Mary.MyfriendJudyandIwanttogotothemovietheatertomorrownight,butwedon’thaveawaytogetthere.Ifyoudrive,we’llbuyyouaticket.Howaboutthat?W:Well,itsoundslikefun,butactuallyI’vereallygotalotofhomeworktodo.M:Oh,eon,Mary.Watchingamoviewillhelpyourelax.You’llstudybetter.W:Ireallycan’t.IhaveanEnglishexamonMondayandIhavetohandinabookreportthedayaftertheexam.I’mreallynervous.Idon’tthinkI’denjoythemovie.SorryIcan’thelpyou.M:Alright,maybenexttime.Goodluckwithyourexam.听下面一段对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】8.Whatdoesthewomanthinkofthecamp?A.It’sboring. B.It’straditional. C.It’sbeneficial.9.Whatweremostroadslike?A.Safe. B.Beautiful. C.Narrow.10.Whathappenedduringthecamp?A.Amanwasinjuredwhencooking.B.Thecamperssharedstoriestogether.C.Thecamperslearnedfirstaidknowledge.【答案】8.C9.A10.B【解析】【原文】M:Youjoinedthatweekendcyclingcamp,right?Howwasit?W:Supertiring,butalsorewarding.Werodenearly40kilometersaday.M:That’sintense!Howabouttheroads?W:Mostweresafetorideon,thoughsomemountainpathswerenarrowandrocky.Wehadtowalkourbikesinafewparts.M:Didanyonegethurt?W:Oneguylostcontrolandfell.Hehurthiskneeprettybadly.Luckily,ourguidehadafirstaidkitandhandleditquickly.Hewasreallycalmandprofessional.M:Soundslikeyouhadagreatteam.W:Definitely.Weevencookedtogetheratnightandsharedstoriesaroundacampfire.M:Wouldyougoagain?W:Forsure!Ihavealreadysignedupfornextmonth’sadvancedlevelcamp.听下面一段对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】11.WhatdoestheFitnessClubprovide?A.Freemeals. B.Blackshorts. C.Sportsweardiscount.12.HowwillJackgotothegym?ABytaxi. B.Bybike. C.Bybus.13.WhichpositionwillJackapplyfor?A.FirstAidTrainer. B.MorningFitnessLeader. C.JuniorNutritionAssistant.【答案】11.C12.B13.C【解析】【原文】W:HiJack.WeletotheFitnessClub!Allnewmembersgetfreetrainingsessions.M:Doyouprovideclothesandshoes?W:Weonlyprovideshoes.Bringyourownblackshortsandaredtop.Youcanalsobuysomeatthecampusstore.Don’tworryabouttheprice—clubmembersget30%off.Plus,youcanenjoyspecialmealratesattheschoolcanteen.M:Cool.Howaboutpracticetimes?p.m.ainlyonweekends.MostsessionsareattheEastGym—youcantakebusNo.5.Ifpracticeendsafter8:00p.m.,wecoveryourtaxifare.M:Iusuallybikethere,butgoodtoknow.Whatskillsdoyouvaluemost?W:Teamworkiskey!Andafirstaidcertificateisaplus.M:Noproblem.a.m.a.m.p.m.p.m.MorningFitnessLeaderfrom6:00a.m.to7:00a.m.onweekdays.Thisroleearnsvolunteerhours.OraJuniorNutritionAssistanthelpingwithmealplans,from3:00p.m.to5:00p.m.onFridays.M:Theafternoonrolesuitsmebetter.Ihavemorningclasses.听下面一段对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】14.Whatisthemainpurposeoftheposters?A.Toadvertiseaschoolevent. B.Topromoteafoodfestival. C.Tosharestudentartwork.15.WhatdoesthewomanplantodoonWednesday?A.Filmashortvideo. B.Deliverapresentation. C.Handoutsomeflyers.16.Howdoesthemansoundintheend?A.Satisfied. B.Grateful. C.Doubtful.【答案】14A15.B16.A【解析】【原文】W:Hey,Mr.Lee.We’vefinishedthepostersforEcoWeek.M:Fantastic!Letmetakealook.W:We’veincludedfactsaboutfoodwasteandsometipsforreducingplastic.M:Good.AndIseesomestudentdrawingstoo.What’stheQRcodefor?W:Itlinkstoourshortvideo.WefilmeditlastSundayinthelecturehall.M:Greatidea.Areyougivingapresentation,too?W:Yes,itwillbeconductedonWednesdaymorninginthegym.M:Doyouhaveflyers?W:Wehaveprinted300andplantohandthemoutduringlunchtimetomorrow.M:Excellent.It’sgreattoseeEcoWeekgrowing—raisingawarenessoncampusreallymatters.W:Wehopelotsofourstudentscanjointhecampaignandmakelastingchanges.M:Yourdeedisverygood,andIwillreportittotheheadmasterandgiveyouasmuchconvenienceaspossible.W:Thanks,Mr.Lee.听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】17.Whatisthespeaker?A.Ascientist. B.Aninterviewer. C.Ahost.18.WhatfielddoesLinXianfengworkin?A.Informationtechnology. B.Mathematicalphysics. C.Medicalscience.19.HowdidLinXianfengdealwithfailures?A.Hefacedthembravely. B.Hechangedhisdirection. C.Hewaitedfornewopportunities.20.HowhastheawardaffectedLinXianfeng?A.Hehasbeefamousandrich.B.Hehasgotfinancialsupportforhisresearch.C.Hehasmoremembersinhisresearchteam.【答案】17.C18.C19.A20.B【解析】【原文】M:Helloeveryone.Weletotoday’sPioneeringFigure.I’myourfriend,John.TodayI’dliketointroduceaChineseyoungscientist.HisnameisLinXianfeng,whois35yearsoldandhasjustwonthe2025ScienceExplorationAward.LinisfromZhejiangUniversityandhisresearchfocusesonthefieldofmedicalscience.Sincehewasyoung,Linhasbeencuriousabouthowthehumanbodyworksandhowtocurediseases.Thiscuriosityledhimtostudyhardandfinallystepontothepathofscientificresearch.Itwasalongandtoughjourney.Therewerecountlessfailuresandsetbacks.However,Linnevergaveup.Hespentdayandnightinthelaboratory,conductingexperiments,analyzingdataanddiscussingwithhisteam.Finally,hiseffortspaidoff.Hisresearchmadegreatbreakthroughsinfindingmoreeffectivetreatmentsforsomerarediseases.WinningtheScienceExplorationAwardisagreatrecognitionofLin’swork.Itnotonlyprovideshimwithmorefundsforfurtherresearch,butalsoencouragesmoreyoungpeopletoengageinscientificexploration.LinXianfeng’sstoryshowsthatwithpassionandhardwork,youngpeoplecanmakegreatachievementsinthescientificworld.第二部分阅读（共两节，满分50分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。AImagineracingthroughthestreetsofNewYorkCityonNovember2,2025,at8:00a.m.,withthousandsofcheeringvoicespushingyouforward.Nowdoitforyourselfbut,importantly,fortheplanet.WhenyoujointheWorldWildlifeFund(WWF)team,everymileyourunbeesasteptowardnatureconservation.HowdoyoujoinRegistrationbeginswitha$100WWFfee,whichisnonrefundable.Everyrunnermustthenmittoraisingatleast$2,000byNovember16,2025.Inaddition,participantspaytheofficialNewYorkRoadRunners(NYRR)entryfeeof$255—$315directlytoNYRRimmediatelyaftersigningupwithWWF.WhatdoyougetWWFrunnersgetmorethanjustaracenumber.Raise$150ormore,andyou’llreceiveparticularWWFracegear(装备),availableonlytoUSbasedathletes.EachrunneralsohasapersonalfundraisingpageonWWF’swebsite,wherefriendsandfamilycandonate,plusoneononeguidancefromtheWWFteamtohelpreachandevengobeyondthetarget.Mostimportantly,youcrossthefinishlineknowingyoureffortsupportswildlifeprotection,forestconservation,andthefightagainstclimatechange.ImportantnoteWWF’sentryforthe2025NewYorkCityMarathonisalmostfull,soifyouareinterested,pleasetakeactionnow.Ifitisfull,youmayjointhewaitlistincasemorespotsopen.Ifyouprefer,youcanalsoexploreothercharitiesthroughtheNYRRRunforCharitypage.RunningwithWWFismorethanpleting26.2miles—itisachievingapersonalgoalwhilemakingeverystepcountfornature.21.WhatisthemainpurposeofWWF’smarathonprogram?A.TopublicizetheWWFteam. B.Topromotepersonalfitness.C.TodonategearforUSathletes. D.Toraisefundsfortheenvironment.22.Whatistheminimumamountarunnerneedstostarttheirrace?A.$100. B.$255. C.$355. D.$415.23.WhatcanallWWFrunnersreceive?A.Opportunityofgettingassisted. B.Freeentryintoothercharities.C.SpecialWWFraceequipment. D.GuidancefromUSbasedathletes.【答案】21.D22.C23.A【解析】【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了世界自然基金会（WWF）组织的2025年纽约市马拉松慈善跑步活动，旨在通过跑步筹款支持自然保护。参与者需完成一定的注册和筹款要求，并获得相应的支持与回报。【21题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段“Nowdoitforyourselfbut,importantly,fortheplanet.WhenyoujointheWorldWildlifeFund(WWF)team,everymileyourunbeesasteptowardnatureconservation.(现在就为自己这么做吧，但更重要的是，也要为我们的地球这么做。当你加入世界野生动物基金会（WWF）的团队时，你每跑一英里，就为自然保护事业迈出了一步)”可知，WWF马拉松项目的主要目的是为环保事业筹款。故选D。【22题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段“Registrationbeginswitha$100WWFfee,whichisnonrefundable.Everyrunnermustthenmittoraisingatleast$2,000byNovember16,2025.Inaddition,participantspaytheofficialNewYorkRoadRunners(NYRR)entryfeeof$255—$315directlytoNYRRimmediatelyaftersigningupwithWWF.(报名时须缴付世界自然基金会100元的费用，费用概不退还。每位参赛者必须承诺在2025年11月16日之前募集至少2000美元。此外，参赛者在与世界自然基金会签约后，立即向NYRR支付255到315美元的官方报名费。)”可知，参赛者必须至少支付$100的WWF费用（不可退），以及$255—$315的NYRR报名费，合计最低为$100+$255=$355。故选C。23题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段“EachrunneralsohasapersonalfundraisingpageonWWF’swebsite,wherefriendsandfamilycandonate,plusoneononeguidancefromtheWWFteamtohelpreachandevengobeyondthetarget.(每位参赛者在世界自然基金会的网站上都有一个个人筹款页面，朋友们和家人可以在该页面上进行捐款。此外，世界自然基金会的工作人员还会提供一对一的指导，以帮助参赛者达到甚至超越目标金额)”可知，所有WWF跑步者都有获得帮助的机会。故选A。BOnacalmmorninginAugust2025,artistSamShoemakerpushedhiskayak(皮艇)intothewatersnearCatalinaIsland,California.Hismissionwastopaddle(划桨)morethan26milesacrosstheopenseatoSanPedro.Whatmadethechallengeextraordinarywasnotthedistancebuttheboatitself—hiskayakwasgrownentirelyfrommushrooms.Theboat,brownishyellowandrough,hadtakenShoemakernearlyayeartocreate.Hegrewmycelium(菌丝)inaframefilledwithplantfiber.Afterweeksofgrowthandmonthsofdrying,itbecameastrongandfloatingmaterial.Althoughheavierandslowerthananormalkayak,itwasstillgoodenoughforhistest.Theoceansoonshoweditspower.Afterpaddlingninemiles,seasicknessstruck,andthecoastlineremainedinvisible.Then,toShoemaker’sastonishment,a50footwhalesurfacedandswambesidehimforthreemiles.Insteadoffear,Shoemakerfeltawe.“Itwasjustastrangeexperience,”herecalled.Twelveexhaustinghourslater,hesteppedontoshore,hismushroomkayakstillsafe,weledbyfriendsandfamily.ForShoemaker,thejourneywasmorethanapersonalwin.Itprovesthatmushroomsmighthelpsolveoneofhumanity’sgreatestproblems:plasticpollution.Histeacherandguide,PhilRoss,namedthenewmaterial“AquaFung”,praisingitslightness,abilitytofloat,anditsfeaturetobreakdownnaturally.Unlikeplastic,itdisappearsovertime,leavingnoharmfulmark.YetShoemakeradmitsthelimits.Buildingonekayakrequiredenormoustimeandresources.“Itisnot,”hesays,“aperfectanswer.”Butitisavisionofwhatcouldbe.Ifmushroomscanbeekayakstoday,perhapstomorrowtheymayshapesurfboards,floatingmarkers,orevenfloatinghouses.Shoemaker’scrossingthereforecarriesadeepermessage:innovationoftenbeginswithasingleboldstep.Hismushroomvoyageremindsusthatthefuturemaygrow—notfromfactories—butfromthelivingnetworksbeneathourfeet.24.WhatsetShoemaker’sjourneyapart?A.Thelongdistanceacrosstheopensea. B.Thematerialhisboatwasmadeof.C.Thedangerousseaconditionsfacinghim. D.Theadvancedtechnologyheemployed.25.WhydidShoemakerbuildthekayak?A.Toattractpublicattention. B.Tofollowinhisteacher’sfootsteps.C.Toprepareforfurtheroceanvoyages. D.Tosearchforanalternativetoplastic.26.WhatcanwelearnaboutAquaFung?A.Itismoredurablethanplastic.B.Itisecofriendlybuttimeconsumingtoproduce.C.Itismoresuitabletomakesurfboardsandhouses.D.ItwasdevelopedwithShoemaker’sfamily’ssupport.27.WhichwordscanbestdescribeShoemaker?A.Skilledandsensitive. B.Outgoingandhumble.C.Adventurousandcreative. D.Humorousandgenerous.【答案】24.B25.D26.B27.C【解析】【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述艺术家Shoemaker用蘑菇制作皮艇横渡大海，虽存在局限，但证明蘑菇可替代塑料，还传递创新始于大胆尝试的理念。【24题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段“Whatmadethechallengeextraordinarywasnotthedistancebuttheboatitself—hiskayakwasgrownentirelyfrommushrooms.(让这次挑战与众不同的不是距离，而是皮艇本身——他的皮艇完全由蘑菇培育而成。)”可知，Shoemaker旅程的独特之处在于船的制作材料。故选B项。【25题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段“ForShoemaker,thejourneywasmorethanapersonalwin.Itprovesthatmushroomsmighthelpsolveoneofhumanity’sgreatestproblems:plasticpollution.(对Shoemaker来说，这段旅程不只是个人的胜利。它证明蘑菇或许能帮助解决人类最大的问题之一：塑料污染。)”可知，Shoemaker制作蘑菇皮艇是为了寻找塑料的替代品。故选D项。【26题详解】推理判断题。根据第四段“Histeacherandguide,PhilRoss,namedthenewmaterial“AquaFung”,praisingitslightness,abilitytofloat,anditsfeaturetobreakdownnaturally.Unlikeplastic,itdisappearsovertime,leavingnoharmfulmark.(他的导师PhilRoss将这种新材料命名为“AquaFung”，并称赞它质地轻盈、能漂浮，且具备自然降解的特性。与塑料不同，这种材料会随时间推移逐渐消失，不会留下任何有害残留。)”及第五段“Buildingonekayakrequiredenormoustimeandresources.(制作一艘皮艇需要大量时间和资源。)”可知，AquaFung环保但生产耗时。故选B项。【27题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段“Hismissionwastopaddle(划桨)morethan26milesacrosstheopenseatoSanPedro.(他的任务是划桨穿越26多英里的开阔海域，抵达圣佩德罗（SanPedro）。)”可知，他具有冒险精神；根据第二段“Theboat,brownishyellowandrough,hadtakenShoemakernearlyayeartocreate.Hegrewmycelium(菌丝)inaframefilledwithplantfiber.(这艘棕黄色、表面粗糙的小船，Shoemaker花了近一年时间才制作完成。他在一个装满植物纤维的框架里培育菌丝体。)”可知，他具有创造力。由此可判断“Adventurousandcreative(富有冒险精神且有创造力)”最贴合他的特质。故选C项。CThedeepbluewatersofLakeTahoehavelongcapturedpeople’simagination.StretchingacrossCaliforniaandNevada,thelakedrawsmillionsofvisitorseachyearforitsbeautyandclearwaters.Yetbehindthebreathtakingviewsliemysteries,legendsandgrowingworriesforitsfuture.Storiesof“TahoeTessie”,amysteriouslakecreature,havefascinatedtouristsfordecades.Recently,however,thousandsofviewerswitnessedsomethingfarmorereal:alivestream(直播)ofadivetoTahoe’sfloor,morethan1,500feetdown.Usingarobotoperatedmachine(ROV)calledDeepEmerald—nicknamedEmmy,scientistsguidedaudiencesthrougharareunderwatertrip.TheROVwasasmallbutstrongmachine.Equippedwithasmallengine,brightlightsandasuperclearcamera,andcoupledtolandbyacable,Emmymoveddownwardlikeanexplorerfromanotherworld.Throughoutaspanofcloseto30minutes,thelivestreamscrutinizedeverymomentofitsjourneydownward.AsEmmytouchedthelakebottom,dirtfloatedupanddriftedacrossthescreen,shiningliketinystarsscatteredinadarksky.Thequietofthedeepgavethesceneadreamlikefeeling.WhileEmmymovedalongthebottom,expertsexplainedthelake’ssecrets.Tahoe,oneoftheoldestlakesinNorthAmerica,formedtwotothreemillionyearsago.Likehumanlungs,itsdepthscleanandrecyclematerialfromthesurroundingland,keepingtheecosystemalive.Strangeplantbedsgrowinthedarkness,feedingsmallcreaturesthatinturnsupportfish.Althoughsomehadexpectedscarydiscoveries,thelivestreamshowedonlynaturalscenesandtheoccasionaloddthing,liketiresoraballoonthatlookedfresh.Still,thediveremindedviewersoftheproblemsLakeTahoefaces.Afterthe2023IndependenceDayholiday,helpersremovedmorethanthreetonsoftrashfromitswaters.OrganizershopethelivestreamencouragesvisitorstocareforTahoe’shealth.Asoneenvironmentalleadersaid,“TakealittlepieceofTahoehomewithyou—butleavethelakeascleanasyoufoundit.Thatway,futuregenerationscanshareinitsbeauty.”28.Whatdidthelivestreammainlypresentforviewers?A.Mysteriesofoceancreatures. B.EvidenceofTahoeTessie’sexistence.C.Theunderwaterviewofthelake. D.Thepotentialofusingarobotindiving.29.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“scrutinized”inparagraph3probablymean?A.Predicted. B.Explained. C.Repeated. D.Tracked.30.WhatfunctiondoTahoe’sdepthsmainlyserve?A.Theysustaintheecosystem.B.Theysheltersomeoddcreatures.C.Theymakethewatertemperaturestable.D.Theykeepthetrappeditemsintheiroriginalstate.31.Whydidorganizersconductthelivestream?A.Tocallforeffortstoprotectthelake.B.TopromoteTahoeasatouristdestination.C.Toprotestagainstfurtherlakedevelopment.D.Toprovideapracticalwayforlakeexploration.【答案】28.C29.D30.A31.A【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍太浩湖的魅力、神秘传说，以及科学家通过直播ROV潜水展示湖底景象，同时引发人们对湖泊保护的关注。【28题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Recently,however,thousandsofviewerswitnessedsomethingfarmorereal:alivestream(直播)ofadivetoTahoe’sfloor,morethan1,500feetdown.Usingarobotoperatedmachine(ROV)calledDeepEmerald—nicknamedEmmy,scientistsguidedaudiencesthrougharareunderwatertrip.(然而最近，数千名观众见证了更真实的景象：一场下潜至太浩湖湖底1500多英尺处的直播。科学家借助一台名为“深海翡翠”（昵称埃米）的遥控潜水器，带领观众开启了一场罕见的水下之旅。)”可知，直播主要为观众呈现了太浩湖的水下景观。故选C项。【29题详解】词句猜测题。根据第三段中的“Throughoutaspanofcloseto30minutes,thelivestreamscrutinizedeverymomentofitsjourneydownward.AsEmmytouchedthelakebottom,dirtfloatedupanddriftedacrossthescreen,shiningliketinystarsscatteredinadarksky.(在近30分钟的时间里，直播scrutinized埃米下潜过程的每一个瞬间。当埃米触碰到湖底时，泥沙上浮并在屏幕上漂移，像散落在夜空里的小星星一样闪烁。)”可知，直播实时呈现了埃米下潜的全过程，“scrutinized”应意为“追踪、密切关注”，与“Tracked”含义相近。故选D项。【30题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Likehumanlungs,itsdepthscleanandrecyclematerialfromthesurroundingland,keepingtheecosystemalive.Strangeplantbedsgrowinthedarkness,feedingsmallcreaturesthatinturnsupportfish.(它的湖底就像人类的肺一样，净化并循环利用来自周边陆地的物质，维持生态系统的活力。黑暗中生长着奇特的植物床，为小型生物提供食物，而这些小型生物又反过来为鱼类提供养分。)”可知，太浩湖的湖底主要作用是维持生态系统的运转。故选A项。【31题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“OrganizershopethelivestreamencouragesvisitorstocareforTahoe’shealth.Asoneenvironmentalleadersaid,“TakealittlepieceofTahoehomewithyou—butleavethelakeascleanasyoufoundit.Thatway,futuregenerationscanshareinitsbeauty.”(组织者希望这场直播能鼓励游客关注太浩湖的健康状况。正如一位环保领袖所说：“把太浩湖的美好记忆带回家，但请让湖泊保持你初见时的洁净。这样，后代才能共享它的美丽。”)”可知，组织者进行直播是为了呼吁人们努力保护太浩湖。故选A项。DHydrogen(氢)fuelcellsmakeelectricitybybininghydrogenandoxygen,andtheonlyproductiswater.Theystartfast,workefficiently,andproducezeroemissions.However,mostfuelcellsstilldependonplatinum(achemicalelement)asthecatalyst(催化剂).Platinumisrareandveryexpensive,solargescaleuseisdifficult.AteamofChinesescientistshasofferedastrongsolution.Theirstudy,publishedinNature,showsthatanironbasedcatalystcandothejobwhileusingfarlessplatinum.Theteam,ledbyProf.DanWangandProf.ZhangSuojiang,designedastructuretheycall“inneractivation,outerprotection”.Theactiveironatomssitinsidetinyhollow(中空的)shells,whileahardcarbonlayeroutsideprotectsthem.Thinkofeachparticle(颗粒)likeasetofnestedshells.Theironatomsarefixedontheinnercurvedsurface.Theoutercarbonshellkeepstheparticlestable.Thissetupmakesoxygenpiecesescapemoreeasily,sothereactionrunsfaster.Italsoblocksharshchemicalsthatwoulddamagethecatalystovertime.Testssupportthedesign:theironatomsareintherightplacesandstaysteadyduringuse.putermodelsexplainwhyitworks—theouterlayergentlypushesawayoxygenpieces,sotheydon’tsticktootightlytotheironinside.Theperformanceisimpressiveforacatalystwithoutplatinum.Thefuelcellloseslessenergy,produceslessofaharmfuloxygenbasedchemical,andstaysactiveforalongtime.Itreachedabout0.75W/cm2andkeptabout86%ofitsactivityafterover300hours.ThisChinesebreakthroughmatters.Firstly,itlowerscostsandeasespressureonraremetalsupplychainsbyreplacingmuchplatinumwithiron.Besides,thesimple“inneractivation,outerprotection”rulecanguidenewcatalystsforfuelcells,andmetalairbatteries.Moreover,longerlastingpartslowercostsforbackuppower,helpingcleantechnologygrowfaster.Inshort,smartatomicdesignfromChinaoffersapracticalpathtowardcleanerair,strongerenergysecurity,andprogresstowardclimategoals.32.Whatproblemdoesthestudymainlytarget?A.Thelimitedapplicationofplatinum. B.Thedangerofstoringhydrogen.C.Thecostlyrelianceonplatinum. D.Theslowstartoffuelcells.33.Howdoestheauthordevelopparagraph3?A.Byexplainingtheworkingprinciple. B.Byevidencingthebenefitsofplatinum.C.Bydetailingtheprocedureoftheresearch. D.Bydistinguishingironatomsandthecarbonlayer.34.Whatisthesignificanceofthestudy?A.Itmakesmetalairbatteriesavailable. B.Itpromisesagreenerenergyfuture.C.Ithelpscutcostsofironbasedcatalysts. D.Itremovestheconcernaboutenergysecurity.35.Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?A.MetalAirBatteries:TheNextHitB.IronOverPlatinum:China’sBreakthroughC.WhyFuelCellsBeeVitaltoAchievingClimateGoalsD.HowanInnovativeStructureReplacesTraditionalFuelCells【答案】32.C33.A34.B35.B【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章说明了氢燃料电池环保高效但依赖昂贵稀有的铂催化剂，中国科学家团队在《自然》发表研究，以“内激活外保护”铁基催化剂减少铂用量，性能佳且成本低，对清洁能源发展意义重大。【32题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段“However,mostfuelcellsstilldependonplatinum(achemicalelement)asthecatalyst(催化剂).Platinumisrareandveryexpensive,solargescaleuseisdifficult.(然而，目前大多数燃料电池仍依赖铂（一种化学元素）作为催化剂。而铂资源稀缺且价格昂贵，因此大规模应用存在困难)”可知，研究针对的是解决因依赖铂而带来的高成本障碍。故选C。【33题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段“Thinkofeachparticle(颗粒)likeasetofnestedshells.Theironatomsarefixedontheinnercurvedsurface.Theoutercarbonshellkeepstheparticlestable.Thissetupmakesoxygenpiecesescapemoreeasily,sothereactionrunsfaster.Italsoblocksharshchemicalsthatwoulddamagethecatalystovertime.(可以把每个颗粒想象成一组相互嵌套的外壳。铁原子固定在内侧的弯曲表面上。外层的碳外壳使颗粒保持稳定。这种结构使得氧气颗粒更容易逸出，因此反应进行得更快。它还能阻挡那些会随着时间推移而损害催化剂的强效化学物质)”可知，作者通过解释其工作原理展开第三段内容。故选A。【34题详解】细节理解题。根据第五段“Thefuelcellloseslessenergy,produceslessofaharmfuloxygenbasedchemical,andstaysactiveforalongtime.Itreachedabout0.75W/cm2andkeptabout86%ofitsactivityafterover300hours.(这种燃料电池能更有效地储存能量，产生的有害的含氧化学物质更少，并且能长时间保持活跃状态。其功率密度达到了约0.75瓦/平方厘米，并且在超过300小时的使用后仍能保持约86%的活性)”以及第六段“Moreover,longerlastingpartslowercostsforbackuppower,helpingcleantechnologygrowfaster.Inshort,smartatomicdesignfromChinaoffersapracticalpathtowardcleanerair,strongerenergysecurity,andprogresstowardclimategoals.(此外，更耐用的部件能够降低备用电源的成本，从而促进清洁能源技术的快速发展。简而言之，来自中国的智能原子设计为实现更清洁的空气、更稳固的能源安全以及朝着气候目标迈进提供了一条切实可行的途径)”可知，这项研究预示着一个更加环保的能源未来。故选B。【35题详解】主旨大意题。根据全文主线可知，文章先指出燃料电池因依赖铂而成本高、难以规模化的痛点，继而呈现中国团队提出的以铁替铂的内激活外保护新设计，说明这一结构如何一方面让氧更易脱附、加快反应，另一方面隔绝有害介质、延长寿命；随后给出数据支撑，功率密度约零点七五瓦每平方厘米，连续运行三百余小时后仍保持约百分之八十六活性；最后落到意义层面，减少对稀贵金属的依赖、降低系统成本、加速清洁技术落地。由此可知，“钢铁超越铂：中国的突破”准确概括本文标题。故选B。第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。Sleeplessnessmaybefarworsethanapassingannoyance.____36____AstudypublishedonWednesdayinNeurologyidentifiesatroublinglink:Olderpeoplewhohavechronicinsomnia(长期失眠)appearmorelikelytoexperiencespeedyagingofthebrain.Theresearchinvolved2,750cognitively(认知)healthyadultswithanaverageageof70.Theparticipantswerefollowedonaveragefor5.6years.____37____Thedatashowedthat14percentofthosewithchronicinsomniadevelopedmildcognitiveimpairment(障碍)while10percentofthosewhodidnothavechronicinsomniadid.Researcherssaythatdifferenceissignificantinsuchastudy.DiegoZ.Carvalho,asleepmedicinespecialistattheMayoClinicandleadauthorofthestudy,saidtheworksupportsgrowingevidencethatpoorsleep,asearlyasinmidlife,mayleadtoneurodegeneration(神经退化).However,henotedthatthestudyshowsonlyanassociationandnotcausation.“Itcouldalsobethatpoorsleepearlyoncanbeanindicatorofcognitivedecline,”Carvalhosaid.“____38____”Inrecentyears,researchonsleepandbrainhealthhasincreased.____39____Alandmark2021studypublishedinJAMANeurologyfoundthatsleepingmoreorlessthantheidealrangeofseventoeighthourswasconnectedtocognitivedifficulties.Sleepinglessthansixhoursormorethanninehourswasalsotiedtootherhealthissues,includinghigherbodymassindexandincreasedsymptomsofdepression.____40____Instead,itshouldbeconsideredacruciallongterminvestmentinbrainhealthandadefenseagainstcognitivedecline.Prioritizingandimprovingsleepmaybeoneofthemostsignificantstepswecantaketoprepareforourcognitivefuture.A.Whenitestosleep,themore,thebetter.B.Itgraduallydamagesmemoryandmentalsharpness.C.Butit’sveryhardtofullyfigureouttheirrelationship.D.Theywereregularlytestedontheircognitivefunction.E.Giventhat,slee