专八考试题目分析及答案

专八考试题目分析及答案

一、单项选择题（总共10题，每题2分）1.Theterm"linguistics"referstothescientificstudyof:A.LiteratureB.LanguageC.DialectsD.GrammarAnswer:B2.WhichofthefollowingisNOTapartofthephonologicalsystemofalanguage?A.PhonemesB.AllophonesC.MorphemesD.PhonotacticsAnswer:C3.Theprocessbywhichchildrenacquiretheirfirstlanguageisknownas:A.SecondlanguageacquisitionB.BilingualismC.FirstlanguageacquisitionD.LanguageattritionAnswer:C4.Inthesentence"Thecatsatonthemat,"theword"sat"isa:A.NounB.VerbC.AdjectiveD.AdverbAnswer:B5.Theuseoflanguageinsocialcontextsisbestdescribedby:A.PragmaticsB.SemanticsC.PhoneticsD.SyntaxAnswer:A6.Theterm"morpheme"refersto:A.ThesmallestunitofmeaningB.ThesmallestunitofsoundC.ThelargestunitofsoundD.ThelargestunitofmeaningAnswer:A7.Thestudyofhowwordsareformedisknownas:A.MorphologyB.SyntaxC.SemanticsD.PragmaticsAnswer:A8.Thedifferencebetween"cat"and"cats"isanexampleof:A.SyntacticchangeB.SemanticchangeC.PhonologicalchangeD.MorphologicalchangeAnswer:D9.TheSapir-Whorfhypothesissuggeststhat:A.LanguageshapesthoughtB.ThoughtshapeslanguageC.LanguageandthoughtareindependentD.LanguageandthoughtareunrelatedAnswer:A10.Theprocessofaddingasuffixtoawordtochangeitsmeaningorgrammaticalfunctionisknownas:A.InflectionB.DerivationC.ConflationD.AmeliorationAnswer:B二、多项选择题（总共10题，每题2分）1.Whichofthefollowingareconsideredbranchesoflinguistics?A.PhoneticsB.SyntaxC.SemanticsD.SociolinguisticsE.DialectologyAnswer:A,B,C,D,E2.ThefollowingareallexamplesofphonologicalprocessesEXCEPT:A.AssimilationB.ElisionC.MetathesisD.GrammaticalizationE.DissimilationAnswer:D3.ThefollowingareallstagesoffirstlanguageacquisitionEXCEPT:A.babblingB.one-wordstageC.two-wordstageD.telegraphicstageE.syntaxcreationstageAnswer:E4.ThefollowingareallfunctionsoflanguageEXCEPT:A.InformativeB.EmotiveC.PhaticD.MetalinguisticE.MetaphoricalAnswer:E5.ThefollowingarealltypesofmorphemesEXCEPT:A.FreemorphemesB.BoundmorphemesC.DerivationalmorphemesD.InflectionalmorphemesE.LexicalmorphemesAnswer:E6.ThefollowingareallexamplesofsyntacticstructuresEXCEPT:A.Subject-verb-objectB.Subject-object-verbC.Object-subject-verbD.Adverb-subject-verbE.Verb-subject-objectAnswer:D7.ThefollowingareallaspectsofpragmaticsEXCEPT:A.SpeechactsB.PresuppositionC.ConnotationD.DiscourseanalysisE.PolitenessstrategiesAnswer:C8.ThefollowingareallexamplesofsemanticchangeEXCEPT:A.NarrowingB.BroadeningC.AmeliorationD.DegradationE.DerivationAnswer:E9.ThefollowingareallexamplesoflanguagecontactphenomenaEXCEPT:A.BorrowingB.Code-switchingC.DialectformationD.LanguageshiftE.PhonologicalreductionAnswer:E10.ThefollowingareallexamplesoflanguageacquisitiontheoriesEXCEPT:A.BehavioristtheoryB.NativisttheoryC.SociallearningtheoryD.InteractionisttheoryE.StructuralisttheoryAnswer:E三、判断题（总共10题，每题2分）1.Phoneticsisthestudyofthephysicalpropertiesofspeechsounds.True2.Semanticsisthestudyofmeaninginlanguage.True3.Pragmaticsisthestudyofhowlanguageisusedinsocialcontexts.True4.Syntaxisthestudyofthestructureofsentences.True5.Morphologyisthestudyoftheformationofwords.True6.Firstlanguageacquisitionistheprocessbywhichchildrenacquiretheirfirstlanguage.True7.Secondlanguageacquisitionistheprocessbywhichadultsacquireasecondlanguage.True8.Languageattritionisthelossoflanguageabilityovertime.True9.TheSapir-Whorfhypothesissuggeststhatlanguageshapesthought.True10.Derivationistheprocessofaddingasuffixtoawordtochangeitsmeaningorgrammaticalfunction.True四、简答题（总共4题，每题5分）1.Whatisthedifferencebetweenphoneticsandphonology?Answer:Phoneticsisthestudyofthephysicalpropertiesofspeechsounds,includingtheirproduction,transmission,andperception.Phonology,ontheotherhand,isthestudyofthesoundsystemsoflanguagesandhowsoundsfunctionwithinaparticularlanguage.Phoneticsfocusesontheactualsoundsthemselves,whilephonologyfocusesontheabstractsoundpatternsandrulesthatgoverntheuseofsoundsinalanguage.2.Whatarethemainstagesoffirstlanguageacquisition?Answer:Themainstagesoffirstlanguageacquisitionarebabbling,one-wordstage,two-wordstage,andtelegraphicstage.Inthebabblingstage,childrenproduceavarietyofsoundswithoutanyspecificmeaning.Intheone-wordstage,childrenusesinglewordstoconveycompletemeanings.Inthetwo-wordstage,childrenstartcombiningtwowordstoformsimplephrases.Inthetelegraphicstage,childrenuseshort,telegraphicsentencesthatomitlessimportantwords.3.Whatisthedifferencebetweeninflectionandderivation?Answer:Inflectionistheprocessofaddingasuffixtoawordtochangeitsgrammaticalfunctionormeaning,suchasadding"-s"tomakeanounpluraloradding"-ed"tomakeaverbpasttense.Derivation,ontheotherhand,istheprocessofaddingasuffixtoawordtocreateanewwordwithadifferentmeaning,suchasadding"-ness"tomakeanadjectiveintoanoun.Inflectionalmorphemeschangetheformofawordwithoutcreatinganewword,whilederivationalmorphemescreatenewwords.4.WhatistheSapir-Whorfhypothesis?Answer:TheSapir-Whorfhypothesissuggeststhatthelanguagewespeakinfluenceshowwethinkandperceivetheworld.Itproposesthatlanguageshapesourthoughtprocessesandthatdifferentlanguagesmayleadtodifferentwaysofthinking.Thehypothesishastwoversions:thestrongversion,whichclaimsthatlanguagedeterminesthought,andtheweakversion,whichclaimsthatlanguageinfluencesthought.五、讨论题（总共4题，每题5分）1.Discusstheroleoflanguageinsocialinteraction.Answer:Languageplaysacrucialroleinsocialinteractionbyenablingcommunicationandfacilitatingtheexchangeofinformation,ideas,andemotions.Ithelpsindividualsestablishandmaintainsocialrelationships,expresstheiridentityandsocialstatus,andnegotiatesocialrolesandnorms.Languagealsoservesasatoolforcooperation,coordination,andcollaborationinvarioussocialcontexts.Additionally,languageallowsindividualstoconveypoliteness,politenessstrategies,andsocialcues,whichareessentialforeffectivesocialinteraction.2.Discusstheimportanceoflanguageacquisitionforcognitivedevelopment.Answer:Languageacquisitioniscrucialforcognitivedevelopmentasitprovidesaframeworkforthinking,reasoning,andproblem-solving.Languageenablesindividualstoorganizeandstructuretheirthoughts,expresstheirideasclearly,andengageinabstractthinking.Italsofacilitateslearningandknowledgeacquisitionbyprovidingasystemforencodingandretrievinginformation.Additionally,languagedevelopmentcontributestothedevelopmentofmemory,attention,andexecutivefunctions,whichareessentialforcognitiveprocessingandintellectualgrowth.3.Discusstheimpactofglobalizationonlanguagecontactandlanguagechange.Answer:Globalizationhasasignificantimpactonlanguagecontactandlanguagechange.Itpromotesincreasedinteractionandcommunicationbetweendifferentlanguagecommunities,leadingtolanguagecontactphenomenasuchasborrowing,code-switching,andlanguageshift.Globalizationalsoinfluenceslanguagechangebyintroducingnewlinguisticfeatures,suchasloanwords,idioms,andexpressions,whichmaybeadoptedandadaptedbyspeakersofdifferentlanguages.Additionally,globalizationcanleadtothedeclineo