2025年高考短文填空真题及答案

2025年高考短文填空真题及答案

一、单项选择题（每题2分，共10题）1.Thestudyofancientcivilizationsprimarilyinvolvesanalyzingwhichtypeofevidence?A.BiologicalsamplesB.WrittenrecordsC.GeologicalformationsD.Astronomicaldata答案：B2.Whatisthemainpurposeofacontrolledexperimentinscientificresearch?A.ToobservenaturalphenomenaB.TogatherlargeamountsofdataC.TotestahypothesisundercontrolledconditionsD.Tocomparedifferenttheories答案：C3.Inliterature,theterm"metaphor"refersto:A.AdirectcomparisonbetweentwounlikethingsB.TherepetitionofsimilarsoundsC.ThesettingofastoryD.Themainthemeofanarrative答案：A4.Theprocessbywhichplantsconvertlightenergyintochemicalenergyisknownas:A.PhotosynthesisB.RespirationC.FermentationD.Nitrogenfixation答案：A5.Whichofthefollowingisacharacteristicofademocracy?A.AbsoluterulebyasingleleaderB.LimitedpoliticalparticipationC.MajorityrulewithrespectforminorityrightsD.Hereditaryleadership答案：C6.Thechemicalsymbolforgoldis:A.AgB.AuC.GoD.Gd答案：B7.Inmusic,a"quartet"typicallyconsistsof:A.FoursoloinstrumentsB.ThreeinstrumentsandapercussionsectionC.FourmembersofanorchestraD.Twoviolins,aviola,andacello答案：D8.TheGreatWallofChinaisprimarilyanexampleof:A.RomanarchitecturalstyleB.AncientEgyptianconstructionC.ChinesedefensivefortificationD.Greekmonumentalarchitecture答案：C9.Thestudyofhumanbehaviorandsocietiesisknownas:A.BiologyB.PsychologyC.AnthropologyD.Economics答案：C10.ThepHscalemeasures:A.TemperatureB.AcidityoralkalinityC.DensityD.Pressure答案：B二、多项选择题（每题2分，共10题）1.Whichofthefollowingarerenewableenergysources?A.SolarenergyB.WindenergyC.CoalD.Naturalgas答案：A,B2.ThemaincomponentsoftheEarth'satmosphereinclude:A.NitrogenB.OxygenC.CarbondioxideD.Helium答案：A,B,C3.Inanarrative,whichelementsaretypicallyincluded?A.CharactersB.SettingC.PlotD.Theme答案：A,B,C,D4.Theperiodictableisorganizedbasedon:A.AtomicnumberB.AtomicmassC.ElectronconfigurationD.Chemicalproperties答案：A,B,C,D5.TheUnitedNationsisprimarilyresponsiblefor:A.MaintaininginternationalpeaceandsecurityB.PromotinghumanrightsC.EconomicdevelopmentD.Culturalexchange答案：A,B,C,D6.Themainfunctionsofthehumanbraininclude:A.ControllingbodilyfunctionsB.ProcessingsensoryinformationC.RegulatingemotionsD.Memorystorage答案：A,B,C,D7.Themaintypesofrocksare:A.IgneousB.SedimentaryC.MetamorphicD.Chemical答案：A,B,C8.Themainbranchesofphilosophyinclude:A.EthicsB.MetaphysicsC.AestheticsD.Politics答案：A,B,C,D9.Themaincomponentsofacellinclude:A.CellmembraneB.NucleusC.MitochondriaD.Chromosomes答案：A,B,C,D10.Themaincausesofclimatechangeinclude:A.GreenhousegasemissionsB.DeforestationC.IndustrialactivitiesD.Naturaldisasters答案：A,B,C三、判断题（每题2分，共10题）1.TheNileRiveristhelongestriverinAfrica.答案：正确2.TheRenaissancewasaperiodofculturaldeclineinEurope.答案：错误3.Thespeedoflightinavacuumisapproximately299,792kilometerspersecond.答案：正确4.Thehumanhearthasfourchambers.答案：正确5.TheGreatBarrierReefislocatedintheAtlanticOcean.答案：错误6.ThePythagoreantheoremisusedtocalculatetheareaofatriangle.答案：错误7.TheDeclarationofIndependencewaswrittenbyThomasJefferson.答案：正确8.TheEiffelTowerislocatedinLondon.答案：错误9.TheperiodictablewasfirstcreatedbyDmitriMendeleev.答案：正确10.Thehumangenomeconsistsof23pairsofchromosomes.答案：正确四、简答题（每题5分，共4题）1.Whatarethemaindifferencesbetweenrenewableandnon-renewableenergysources?答案：Renewableenergysources,suchassolarandwindenergy,arenaturallyreplenishedandhavealowerenvironmentalimpact.Non-renewableenergysources,likecoalandnaturalgas,arefiniteandproducemorepollutionwhenused.Renewablesourcesaresustainable,whilenon-renewablesourceswilleventuallybedepleted.2.Whatarethemaincomponentsofanarrative?答案：Anarrativetypicallyincludescharacters,setting,plot,andtheme.Charactersaretheindividualswhopopulatethestory,thesettingprovidesthecontext,theplotisthesequenceofevents,andthethemeistheunderlyingmessageormoral.3.Whatarethemainfunctionsofthehumanbrain?答案：Thehumanbraincontrolsbodilyfunctions,processessensoryinformation,regulatesemotions,andstoresmemory.Itisresponsibleforawiderangeofcognitiveandphysicalactivities,makingitthemostcomplexorganinthehumanbody.4.Whatarethemaincausesofclimatechange?答案：Themaincausesofclimatechangeincludegreenhousegasemissionsfromindustrialactivities,deforestation,andtheburningoffossilfuels.Theseactivitiesreleaselargeamountsofcarbondioxideandotherpollutantsintotheatmosphere,leadingtoglobalwarmingandchangesinweatherpatterns.五、讨论题（每题5分，共4题）1.Discusstheimportanceofrenewableenergysourcesinaddressingglobalenvironmentalissues.答案：Renewableenergysourcesarecrucialinaddressingglobalenvironmentalissuesbecausetheyaresustainableandproducelesspollutioncomparedtonon-renewablesources.Byreducinggreenhousegasemissionsandotherpollutants,renewableenergyhelpsmitigateclimatechangeandimproveairquality.Additionally,renewablesourcescanprovideenergysecurityandpromoteeconomicdevelopment,makingthemessentialforasustainablefuture.2.Discusstheroleofliteratureinsociety.答案：Literatureplaysavitalroleinsocietybyprovidinginsightsintohumanexperiences,promotingempathy,andpreservingculturalheritage.Ithelpsindividualsunderstanddifferentperspectives,encouragescriticalthinking,andfosterscreativity.Literaturealsoservesasamediumforsocialcommentary,reflectingandinfluencingsocietalnormsandvalues.Throughstorytelling,literatureconnectspeopleacrosstimeandcultures,enrichingthehumanexperience.3.Discusstheimpactofthehumanbrainonhumanbehavior.答案：Thehumanbrainhasaprofoundimpactonhumanbehavior,controllingawiderangeofcognitiveandphysicalfunctions.Itprocessessensoryinformation,regulatesemotions,andstoresmemories,allofwhichinfluencehowindividualsperceiveandinteractwiththeworld.Thebrain'scomplexityallowsforintricatethoughtprocesses,decision-making,andproblem-solving.Additionally,neurologicalconditionsandbraininjuriescansignificantlyaffectbehavior,