【《物流业与制造业空间集聚水平实证分析案例》6300字】

物流业与制造业空间集聚水平实证分析案例目录TOC\o"1-3"\h\u167物流业与制造业空间集聚水平实证分析案例 167001.1方法选择 1196501.2物流业与制造业集聚水平测度与分析 2243811.2.1物流业集聚水平测度与分析 2291871.2.2制造业集聚水平测度与分析 4164431.3物流业与制造业协同集聚水平测度与分析 6210961.3.1物流业与制造业整体协同集聚水平测度 6133321.3.2物流业与劳动密集型制造业协同集聚水平测度 8231411.3.3物流业与资本密集型制造业协同集聚水平测度 924711.3.4物流业与技术密集型制造业协同集聚水平测度 11186081.3.5物流业与制造业协同集聚地域特征分析 131.1方法选择关于产业集聚及产业协同集聚地研究，目前国内外构建了多种研究方法，如哈盖特（P．Haggett）首先提出的区位熵、Elliso&Glaese提出的E-G指数、Duranton&Overm构建的D-O指数、Stephen构建的Colocalization指数、陈国亮[[] 陈国亮,陈建军.产业关联、空间地理与二三产业共同集聚——来自中国212个城市的经验考察[J].管理世界,2012(04):82-100.]提出的γ指数及陈建军[[] 陈国亮,陈建军.产业关联、空间地理与二三产业共同集聚——来自中国212个城市的经验考察[J].管理世界,2012(04):82-100.[] 陈建军,刘月,陈怀锦.市场潜能、协同集聚与地区工资收入——来自中国151个城市的经验考察[J].南开学报(哲学社会科学版),2016(01):77-88.（5-1）式中，Rmi代表i地区制造业就业人数占全国制造业就业人数的比重，Rli代表i地区物流业就业人数占全国制造业就业人数的比重，Ri代表i地区就业人数占全国就业人数的比重，Smi表示i地区制造业的区位熵，Sli表示i地区物流业的区位熵。当Smi>1时，表明制造业在该地区的集聚程度显著，Smi<1时，制造业在该地区的集聚程度不显著。关于产业协同集聚，本章采用陈建军构建的Θ指数，从协同质量与协同高度的角度测算物流业与制造业的空间协同集聚水平，计算公式如下：（5-2）Θi代表i地区物流业与制造业的协同集聚指数，其中，等式右边第一项代表协同集聚指数的质量，第二项代表协同集聚指数的深度。协同集聚指数越大，表示产业间的协同集聚程度越高，反之协同集聚程度越低。1.2物流业与制造业集聚水平测度与分析1.2.1物流业集聚水平测度与分析为探索我国各省级区域物流业集聚水平的发展演变过程，本文通过计算我国各省级区域2008~2018年物流业区位熵，以此来测度各省级区域物流产业集聚发展的现状。具体见表5-1所示。总体而言，2008~2018年我国31个省级区域物流业的区位熵波动较大，近一半地区物流业区位熵小于1，说明我国物流业的专业化程度还较低。但在一些直辖市如北京、上海等地区物流业呈现高度集聚，已经具有较明显的集聚优势。从变化趋势上来看，我国物流业集聚水平出现了“马太效应”。且在内蒙古、吉林、辽宁以及黑龙江等周边省，出现了“抱团”的集聚现象。从南、北方向上看，北部地区物流业集聚水平高于南部的地区，而从东、西方向上看，东部沿海地区物流业集聚高于西部内陆地区，特别是东北沿海地区。表5-1我国31个省级区域物流业集聚水平地区20082009201020112012201320142015201620172018北京1.6251.6021.6311.8201.8401.7081.6911.6321.5491.4841.548天津1.2081.2081.2570.9261.1111.0151.0301.0761.0801.1281.073河北0.9971.0040.9990.9550.8950.9040.9360.9580.9440.9480.941山西1.2081.0931.0671.1611.1681.0901.1541.1581.1471.1441.060内蒙1.1841.3101.3511.3591.4291.5271.5001.4631.6361.5721.554辽宁1.2851.2361.2061.2361.2511.1691.1991.2351.3211.4311.385吉林1.1671.1451.1211.1191.2731.0851.0421.0791.0501.1061.121黑龙1.0641.1051.1321.1951.2411.2841.3061.3411.3451.3671.343上海1.7541.8321.9111.7941.5591.7001.6801.7071.7131.6911.664江苏0.8780.8430.8460.8400.8410.6890.6590.6710.6980.6780.659浙江0.5790.5830.5900.5990.6260.6260.6290.6240.6260.6300.626安徽0.8370.8120.8390.8820.8530.9060.8830.9160.9340.9810.872福建0.6740.6770.6790.6520.6670.8090.7790.7810.7370.7440.688江西1.0971.0691.0610.8820.7621.0220.9480.9310.9070.9270.918山东0.6630.7150.7500.7380.7690.8400.8340.8270.8560.8360.888河南0.8000.7760.8020.7840.8000.8670.8510.8500.8430.8360.855湖北1.3321.2951.0300.9490.9311.0201.0341.0211.0241.0641.123湖南0.9560.8970.8600.9130.9490.8740.8940.8910.8890.8670.844广东0.9501.0061.0371.0861.0820.9060.9180.8990.8730.8880.913广西1.1611.1521.1761.1731.1781.1281.1051.0451.0190.9991.024海南1.0551.0581.0941.1831.1441.1791.1351.3751.4501.4651.615重庆1.1131.0721.1110.9771.0181.3891.3971.3801.3511.3901.215四川0.8190.8340.8360.8000.8390.9961.0841.0821.0811.0271.009贵州0.8300.8280.8750.8720.7750.8180.7720.8010.8130.8070.811表5-1（续）我国31个省级区域物流业集聚水平地区20082009201020112012201320142015201620172018云南0.8750.9050.8590.8440.7880.8400.8650.8730.8700.8840.845西藏0.7850.6830.6440.5590.5450.4990.5850.5650.5730.5580.596陕西1.1041.0801.0831.0871.0181.0601.1801.1561.1661.1451.166甘肃1.0321.0591.0791.1351.1191.0560.9971.0151.0331.0731.246青海1.3331.2831.2871.2311.2581.5861.3731.4411.4301.5481.536宁夏0.9581.0361.0021.1311.2071.1981.1421.0921.0941.1011.198新疆0.8490.8660.9010.9570.9961.2091.1651.1141.0921.0411.150均值1.0381.0341.0361.0271.031.0651.0571.0651.0691.0761.08数据来源：中国人口与就业统计年鉴1.2.2制造业集聚水平测度与分析通过区位熵公式计算我国各省级区域2008~2018制造业区位熵，以此来探讨我国各省级区域制造业的集聚水平，具体见表5-2所示。总体而言，我国31个省级区域制造业的区位熵差异较大，同样出现了“马太效应”。我国大部分省级区域制造业的区位熵小于1，表明我国大部分省级区域制造业的集聚水平较低，但也有小部分省级区域制造业集聚处于较高水平，如江苏、浙江、上海、福建、山东以及广东等。从地区分布来看，我国31个省级区域制造业集聚水平分布不均衡，沿海地区制造业集聚水平虽然远高于内陆地区，但集聚水平却呈现下降的趋势。这是因为虽然东部沿海地区凭借独特的区位优势，加之政府政策的大力支持，使东部沿海地区迅速成为制造业集聚地，但是由于社会经济的发展、物流运输成本下降以及制造企业“退二进三”的战略等，传统的制造企业开始逐步向内陆地区转移。表5-2我国31个省级区域制造业集聚水平地区20082009201020112012201320142015201620172018北京0.6000.5780.5580.5540.5380.4800.4610.4230.4010.3860.375天津1.2871.3021.3141.4811.4871.3931.4041.3391.2701.1051.096河北0.8250.8370.8260.8290.8380.7920.7850.7800.7790.7290.738山西0.6490.6510.6530.6040.5760.5430.5330.5290.5410.5680.585内蒙0.5880.5530.5360.5380.5630.5390.5350.5580.5470.4920.493辽宁1.0211.0321.0031.0191.0050.8970.8750.8680.8590.8630.923吉林0.7720.8010.8150.8240.8120.9000.9040.9230.9290.8790.841黑龙0.6300.6040.5210.4970.4810.4780.4740.4710.4470.4210.406上海1.3461.3151.2911.3241.4071.1791.1071.0791.0541.0361.043江苏1.5421.5381.5761.5371.5471.2731.3321.3671.3851.3931.396浙江1.5291.4731.4281.3341.2441.1501.1081.0871.0881.1371.179安徽0.6950.7060.7310.7330.7440.7980.8190.8390.8650.8830.973表5-2（续）我国31个省级区域制造业集聚水平地区20082009201020112012201320142015201620172018福建1.7321.7201.7071.6731.6391.3511.3061.2651.2481.2061.251江西0.8620.8460.8640.8990.9450.9741.0001.0251.0991.0751.009山东1.3401.3171.3001.2491.2721.1671.1721.2031.2131.2231.251河南0.7640.7580.7580.8140.8851.0011.0601.1171.1601.1910.996湖北0.8490.8760.9741.0120.9600.9440.9540.9480.9450.9220.886湖南0.7120.7390.7540.8250.8070.7690.7620.7490.7030.7340.720广东1.4671.5131.5291.4781.4831.7861.7931.7951.7921.8021.828广西0.7090.7080.7080.7000.7180.6910.6790.6700.6600.6390.566海南0.3370.3420.3550.3460.3770.3700.3330.3130.2930.2940.299重庆0.8220.8310.8420.8320.8320.7400.7510.7730.7910.7850.843四川0.7980.7850.7810.8130.8060.8330.7560.7150.6880.7080.674贵州0.6330.6140.5910.5830.6320.5380.5040.4930.4730.4720.422云南0.6620.7020.6540.6370.6420.5950.5990.5800.5780.5810.606西藏0.1360.1300.1290.1000.0940.1230.1170.1230.1080.1020.101陕西0.8770.8400.7970.7620.7490.7350.7160.7270.7290.7470.769甘肃0.6810.7200.6510.5990.5720.5260.4930.4850.4700.4630.488青海0.6000.6200.6660.7030.6770.6350.6210.6180.6110.6090.592宁夏0.6620.6520.6410.6230.5720.6000.6160.6250.6310.6680.601新疆0.3580.3660.3660.3790.3790.3750.3970.3910.4090.4040.440均值0.8540.8540.8490.8480.8480.8120.8050.8030.7990.7910.787数据来源：中国人口与就业统计年鉴1.3物流业与制造业协同集聚水平测度与分析1.3.1物流业与制造业整体协同集聚水平测度根据公式（5-2），可以计算出2008~2018年我国各省级区域物流业与制造业协同集聚指数，结果见表5-3所示。总体而言，全国各省级区域物流业与制造业的空间协同集聚水平差异较大，尤其是东部沿海地区，如上海、天津、广东、辽宁及江苏等物流业与制造业的协同集聚水平远大于西部内陆地区，如西藏、新疆等。这是由于东部沿海地区本身是制造业集聚地，而制造业集聚程度较高的地区更会促进物流业的发展，不仅仅是在生产与销售方面，制造业集聚区域的发展也会对物流业有更高的要求，更多的产品需要运输，人力与信息的需求也会更大，进而促使物流业与制造业协同集聚水平高于其他地区。表5-3我国31个省级区域物流业与制造业协同集聚水平地区20082009201020112012201320142015201620172018北京2.7642.7112.6992.8412.8312.6272.5812.4662.3622.2822.314天津3.4643.4723.5493.1773.4543.2513.2803.3073.2693.2233.158河北2.7272.7512.7312.7132.7002.6312.6332.6352.6272.5472.559山西2.5562.4912.4792.4492.4052.2982.3192.3152.3292.3762.357内蒙2.4362.4562.4562.4642.5582.5872.5612.5732.6832.5412.530辽宁3.1923.1783.1173.1593.1472.9352.9172.9282.9693.0463.108吉林2.7352.7702.7782.7912.8632.8912.8752.9252.9182.8712.820黑龙2.4392.4152.2832.2792.2802.3062.3122.3332.2912.2592.214上海3.9693.9824.0083.9683.9153.6983.5823.5603.5293.4873.477江苏3.1463.0903.1203.0843.0922.6642.6532.6952.7542.7252.696浙江2.6572.6232.6032.5522.5402.4822.4612.4402.4442.4802.499安徽2.4402.4492.5022.5222.5292.6412.6652.7112.7612.8112.791福建2.9672.9622.9552.8852.8842.9092.8332.8102.7272.7122.649江西2.8382.7982.8222.7712.6002.9722.9212.9082.9102.9282.880山东2.6642.7352.7822.7302.7942.8432.8372.8452.8962.8712.969河南2.5402.5232.5322.5792.6352.7972.8022.8312.8442.8522.776湖北2.9592.9782.9762.9292.8752.9252.9472.9312.9292.9152.890湖南2.5212.5392.5482.6872.6762.5792.5762.5542.4752.5172.485广东3.2033.3183.3753.4113.4083.3663.3893.3603.3203.3493.407广西2.6282.6202.6362.6202.6532.5782.5452.4962.4642.4192.301海南1.8771.8891.9391.9832.0162.0271.9222.0592.0802.0942.226重庆2.7842.7772.8152.7302.7502.8252.8472.8712.8802.8962.877四川2.6042.5892.5832.6052.6252.7392.6622.5932.5482.5502.483贵州2.3282.2942.2722.2572.3052.1502.0662.0552.0222.0181.918云南2.3982.4812.3782.3412.3282.2652.2822.2512.2462.2592.287西藏1.2181.1341.1070.9640.9321.0181.0351.0470.9990.9680.987陕西2.8662.7952.7282.6742.6162.6152.6522.6562.6642.6822.729甘肃2.5082.5892.4832.4252.3682.2472.1522.1472.1292.1382.297青海2.5542.5552.6352.6612.6362.7932.6182.6602.6402.7212.685宁夏2.4372.4612.4232.4642.4222.4652.4592.4442.4572.5242.468新疆1.8001.8271.8441.9051.9252.0572.0692.0252.0452.0052.144均值2.6522.6532.6502.6332.6372.6192.5952.5952.5872.5832.580数据来源：中国人口与就业统计年鉴。1.3.2物流业与劳动密集型制造业协同集聚水平测度根据公式（5-2），可以计算我国31个省级区域2008~2018年物流业与劳动密集型制造业空间协同集聚指数，结果见表5-4所示。总体而言，我国西部地区，如西藏、甘肃、青海、宁夏以及新疆等地，物流业与劳动密集型制造业空间协同集聚程度处于较低水平，而我国其他地区，特别是东部沿海地区，如天津、江西、福建、上海、山东以及广东等，物流业与劳动密集型制造业的空间协同集聚水平均处于较高水平。这是由于珠江三角州地区、长江三角洲地区是我国重要的轻工业基地。表5-4我国31个省级区域物流业与劳动密集型制造业协同集聚水平地区20082009201020112012201320142015201620172018北京2.6052.5662.5492.6892.6622.4542.4012.2922.1752.1072.162天津2.7972.9772.8192.9373.1342.9863.0252.9743.0132.8272.374河北2.3122.2432.1922.1052.2032.1722.1922.2072.1852.0392.128山西1.7491.6571.6321.6481.5891.5781.6331.6421.6491.6711.643内蒙2.3602.4442.4862.5032.5372.5432.5732.5652.6852.5382.534辽宁2.4742.4512.4522.4662.4812.4212.3372.2972.3252.4622.513吉林2.4022.4962.4092.4642.5732.6592.6322.6832.6992.8412.469黑龙2.3042.3582.3012.3602.3792.4392.4732.4812.4772.3682.340上海3.2853.3223.3353.2373.1923.0612.9912.9522.9242.8962.916江苏3.0692.9672.9912.9582.9472.4592.4632.4972.5562.4922.455浙江3.0583.0142.9462.8132.7602.6582.6142.5832.5742.5902.606安徽2.3242.2912.3272.3282.3532.5032.5212.5962.6512.6992.819福建4.1824.2654.2694.2134.2093.9303.8093.7083.6163.5753.678江西2.9362.9022.9262.8332.6723.1113.0593.0533.0633.0502.940山东3.0403.0823.1173.0153.0673.1513.0323.0513.0873.0843.205河南2.6022.5572.6072.5932.6462.8942.9322.9803.0213.0612.910湖北2.6602.7462.7552.9052.8412.9462.9662.9712.9763.0042.917湖南2.2622.2722.2492.3912.4732.3642.4172.4522.4202.4552.557广东3.2463.3163.3723.4073.4023.3953.3943.3443.2523.2773.344广西2.7582.7582.7722.8022.8632.8262.8242.7472.6982.6642.527海南2.3142.3152.3742.3802.3702.3242.2412.3152.3262.3822.530重庆2.0572.0202.0492.0812.0682.1872.2222.2592.2112.1952.162四川2.3382.3522.4022.4242.4252.5782.6312.5912.6032.5792.473贵州1.9181.8061.8151.8551.9791.9581.9751.9631.9361.8881.986云南2.3772.6472.3842.3762.4312.4052.5492.5242.5302.5772.639西藏1.3451.2191.1731.2021.1061.2201.3171.3121.3131.1891.157陕西2.2632.1852.1472.1692.0452.1402.2332.1922.2202.2702.278甘肃1.7451.8001.8001.7601.7761.8181.7191.7031.7121.7091.843青海1.7851.9381.8961.9031.8482.2832.0372.1452.1702.1902.012宁夏2.1722.1652.2012.2492.1772.1282.1392.4182.5102.5962.500新疆1.9071.8981.9061.8831.9242.0132.0132.0672.2062.2462.423均值2.4722.4852.4732.4822.4882.5032.4962.5022.5092.5012.485数据来源：中国人口与就业统计年鉴1.3.3物流业与资本密集型制造业协同集聚水平测度根据公式（5-2），可以计算我国31个省级区域2008~2018年物流业与资本密集型制造业的空间协同集聚现状，结果见表5-5所示。总体而言，除海南与西藏外，我国各省级区域物流业与资本密集型制造业的空间协同集聚程度均处于较高水平，特别是天津、山西、内蒙古、辽宁、陕西、甘肃、青海以及宁夏等省级区域。这是由于上述这些地区矿产资源丰富，通过矿物质的开采，吸引石油加工炼焦核燃料加工企业、金属冶炼压延加工企业、金属制品企业等相关企业集聚，进而吸引物流业集聚。表5-5我国31个省级区域物流业与资本密集型制造业协同集聚水平地区20082009201020112012201320142015201620172018北京2.8372.8022.7592.8472.8162.6532.5962.4632.3612.2922.318天津3.3373.3753.5013.1763.5183.3983.4403.4793.4953.2873.235河北3.1003.1453.1143.0853.0263.0113.0363.0573.0202.9442.953山西3.4473.3233.3103.3993.2292.9812.9642.9982.9632.9953.007内蒙3.0673.0343.0383.0553.2313.2673.2503.3283.4223.1833.152辽宁3.7383.7273.6783.7603.8183.6123.6913.7573.8674.0033.984吉林2.3812.4112.3842.3842.5102.2522.2182.2612.2042.1872.129黑龙2.8812.8242.6112.5782.5862.5762.5782.6052.5282.5492.471上海3.8853.9223.9673.9413.7733.6473.5813.6113.6253.5653.546江苏2.9362.8852.9322.9052.8702.5252.5222.5732.6352.6092.588浙江2.3412.3302.3372.3542.3812.3872.3922.3672.3762.4362.461安徽2.5092.6072.5692.6212.6162.7252.7322.7642.7632.7882.778福建2.4422.4132.4162.3802.4392.5502.5602.5282.4942.5102.472江西2.9362.9052.9342.8052.6623.0342.9342.9132.9042.9222.890山东2.5662.6472.7222.6592.7462.9562.8732.9142.9632.9613.062河南2.6782.6322.6692.6482.6442.8522.8582.8912.9272.9422.840湖北3.0463.0033.0082.8792.8522.9062.9212.8442.7842.7952.709湖南2.9162.8522.8362.9492.9562.8402.8602.8092.7062.7282.634广东2.8092.8662.9192.9743.0202.9072.9442.9362.9312.9893.052广西2.7902.7362.7042.5992.6952.6242.5622.5432.4982.4612.322海南1.3891.4581.4821.6011.6661.7601.6431.8291.8761.8672.022重庆3.0382.9812.9632.6312.4742.5492.5832.5702.5822.6242.577四川2.7152.7182.7012.6372.6932.8222.8232.5992.5252.5092.408贵州2.5942.5952.6052.5582.5752.5042.3322.2722.2142.1842.066云南2.7962.8472.7832.7482.6772.7202.7502.7372.7152.7222.698西藏1.3971.3041.3021.0661.0601.1911.1031.1240.9751.0411.102陕西3.1083.0763.0753.0302.8362.9733.0523.1233.0603.0613.101甘肃3.2283.2843.1963.2783.2423.1353.0253.0513.0773.1483.418表5-5（续）我国31个省级区域物流业与资本密集型制造业协同集聚水平地区20082009201020112012201320142015201620172018青海3.4473.4913.5973.4883.5533.5753.4243.4113.4023.5033.568宁夏2.8072.8852.7842.8873.1243.2693.3183.1173.0283.0703.204新疆1.9542.0372.0722.2332.2992.4842.5282.3932.3252.2632.371均值2.8102.8102.8052.7792.7932.7962.7772.7702.7502.7462.746数据来源：中国人口与就业统计年鉴1.3.4物流业与技术密集型制造业协同集聚水平测度根据公式（5-2），可以计算我国31个省级区域2008~2018年物流业与技术密集型制造业空间协同集聚指数，结果见表5-6所示。由表5-6可知，我国各省级区域物流业与技术密集型制造业的协同集聚水平差异较大，出现了“马太效应”。总体而言，东部沿海地区，如天津、上海以及广东等的物流业与技术密集型制造业的空间协同集聚水平远高于西部内陆地区，如西藏、甘肃以及新疆等地。这是由于天津、上海及广东等地是国家最早一批成立国家级经济技术开发的地区，经过20多年的发展，各地不断形成产业集群，已形成相当规模的电子信息以及交通设备制造业集聚。表5-6我国各省级区域物流业与技术密集型制造业协同集聚水平地区20082009201020112012201320142015201620172018北京2.8382.7542.7662.9472.9492.6972.6732.5652.4542.3532.368天津3.8483.7673.8683.3733.6223.3183.3493.3583.2483.2993.256河北2.5552.5992.6342.5772.4632.3492.4072.4322.4712.5002.430山西2.2752.1232.0532.0342.2622.2162.2642.2322.2962.3532.291内蒙1.8511.9071.8821.9042.0022.0862.0362.0202.1682.1212.105辽宁3.1083.0082.8622.8832.7562.4652.4572.4892.5562.6372.705吉林3.2803.2523.2723.2563.2983.2553.2033.2683.2273.2213.278黑龙2.1302.0861.9771.9621.9481.9902.0102.0412.0092.0081.987上海4.5644.5524.5414.4904.3154.0863.9313.8683.7983.7323.687江苏3.4313.4023.4063.3433.4042.9362.9042.9412.9882.9712.928浙江2.6302.5882.5882.5372.5222.4272.4162.4032.4122.4462.469安徽2.4742.4402.5802.5882.5892.6432.7042.7482.8242.8852.782福建2.5742.5752.5902.5162.4812.6242.5722.5762.4912.4962.386江西2.6612.6172.6472.5472.5152.7252.7032.7472.8322.8702.845山东2.4692.5622.6092.6072.6662.7452.7142.7012.7622.7262.822河南2.1492.1772.1792.3732.6222.6142.6992.7192.7102.7092.618湖北3.1243.1363.0782.9762.8982.8862.9412.9492.9792.9252.974湖南2.3662.3592.3052.4802.5102.3692.3732.4022.3582.4232.353广东3.5333.6933.7343.7043.6723.6843.7283.6883.6403.6363.678表5-6我国各省级区域物流业与技术密集型制造业协同集聚水平地区20082009201020112012201320142015201620172018广西2.3542.4002.4692.4952.4592.3452.3412.2932.2872.2292.147海南1.8481.8361.9091.9451.9941.9541.8562.0122.0232.0332.145重庆3.1353.1523.2243.0493.1603.3473.3643.3993.4183.4023.370四川2.5602.5612.5632.6172.6802.7592.5732.5902.5252.5612.533贵州2.4252.4052.