高二英语（人教版）学案选择性必修二阅读久久为功UNIT5FIRSTAID

UNIT5FIRSTAID一、背主题名句，写大气文章1．(教材名句)It'sagreathonourtosavealife.—LeighBardugo救人一命，善莫大焉。——李·巴杜格2．Learnfirstaidskillstosavelivesandreducedisability.学习急救技能以挽救生命，减少伤残。3．Firstaidisveryessentialinourlife,especiallywhenpeoplesuddenlyfallillorgetinjured.在我们的生活中，急救非常重要，特别是在有人突发疾病或受伤的时候。4．Intimeofdanger,wemustkeepcalmtosolvetheproblem.危急时刻，我们必须保持镇静来解决问题。5．Everyoneshouldlearnfirstaidsoastosavethelivesofothers.人人都应学习急救，以挽救他人的生命。二、课文不厌百遍读，书中自有“屋”课文1FIRSTAIDFORBURNS(烧伤急救处理)Theskinisanessentialpartofyourbodyandisitslargestorgan.Yourskinactsasabarrieragainstdisease,toxins,andthesun'srays.eq\o(Italsohelpscontrolyourbodytemperature，preventsyourbodyfrom,\s\do8(①))losingtoomuchwater,warnsyouwhenthingsaretoohotorcold,andgivesyouyoursenseoftouch.eq\o(Asyoucanimagine,\s\do8(②))，gettingburntcanleadtoveryseriousinjuries.Thefirstandmostimportantstepinthetreatmentofburnsisgivingfirstaid.[课文对译]皮肤是人体必不可少的一部分，也是人体最大的器官。皮肤是一道屏障，能阻挡疾病、毒素和太阳光线的侵入。皮肤还有助于控制体温，防止身体流失过多的水分，在外物过热或过冷时发出警告，并使你拥有触觉。可想而知，烧伤会造成严重后果。在处理烧伤时，第一步也是最重要的一步就是采取急救措施。[难句破解]句①本句是一个复合句，helps,prevents,warns和gives是and连接的四个并列谓语。when引导时间状语从句。句②as引导非限制性定语从句，指代后面整句话的内容。CAUSESOFBURNSYoucangetburntbyavarietyofthings：hotliquids,steam,fire,radiation,thesun,electricity,acids,orotherchemicals.[课文对译]烧伤的原因很多东西都会造成烧伤：灼热的液体、蒸汽、明火、辐射、太阳光、电流、酸性物质或其他化学品。TYPESOFBURNSBurnsaredividedintothreetypes,eq\o(dependingonthedepthofskin,\s\do8(③))damage.·First­degreeburnsTheseaffectonlythetopfewmillimetresoftheskin.Theseburnsarenotserious.Examplesincludemildsunburnandburnseq\o(causedbyotherminorhouseholdincidents,\s\do8(④)).·Second­degreeburnsThesegobelowthetoplayeroftheskin.Theyareseriousandtakeafewweekstogetbetter.Examplesincludeburnscausedbyhotliquids.·Third­degreeburnsTheseaffecteverylayeroftheskin,andsometimesthetissueunderit.Examplesincludeburnscausedbyelectricshocks,burningclothes,orpetrolfires.Theseburnscauseverysevereinternalinjuriesandthevictimmustgotothehospitalatonce.[课文对译]烧伤的种类根据皮肤损伤的深度，烧伤分为三类。·一度烧伤：仅伤及最上层几毫米的皮肤。此类烧伤并不严重，如轻度的晒伤和其他轻微家庭事故造成的烧伤。·二度烧伤：伤及最上层皮肤以下的部位。此类烧伤较为严重，需要数周时间才能康复，如灼热的液体造成的烧伤。·三度烧伤：伤及每一层皮肤，有时甚至伤及皮下组织，如因电击灼伤、衣服着火造成的烧伤，或汽油起火造成的烧伤。此类烧伤会引起非常严重的内部损伤，伤者必须立即送往医院。[难句破解]句③现在分词短语dependingon...作方式状语，dependon“依靠”。句④过去分词短语causedby...作后置定语，相当于一个定语从句．..sunburnandburnsthat/whicharecausedbyotherminorhouseholdincidents.CHARACTERISTICSOFBURNSFirst­degreeburns·dry,red,andmildlyswollen·mildlypainful·turnwhiteeq\o(whenpressed,\s\do8(⑤))Second­degreeburns·redandswollen;blisters;waterysurface·extremelypainfulThird­degreeburns·blackandwhite·swollen;thetissueunderneathcanoftenbeseen·littleornopainifnervesaredamaged;maybepainfularoundtheedgesoftheburn[课文对译]烧伤的特点一度烧伤·干燥、发红、微肿·微痛·受压时变白二度烧伤·发红、肿胀；起水疱；表层渗液·极度疼痛三度烧伤·皮肤发黑或变白·肿胀；通常可见皮下组织·如神经受损，则微痛或无痛感；创面边缘或有痛感[难句破解]句⑤whenpressed是状语从句的省略，补充完整为whenitispressed，it指代skin。FIRST­AIDTREATMENT1Placeburnsundercoolrunningwater,especiallywithinthefirsttenminutes.Thecoolwaterstopstheburningprocessandreducesthepainandswelling.2Drytheburntareagentlywithacleancloth.3eq\o(Removeanyclothesusingscissorsifnecessary，unlessyousee,\s\do8(⑥))thefabricstickingtotheburntskin.4Covertheburntareawithaloosecleancloth.Applyingoiltotheeq\o(injuredareasisabadidea，asitwillkeeptheheatinthewoundsand,\s\do8(⑦))maycauseinfection.5Ifburnsareontheface,makesurethevictimcanstillbreathe.6eq\o(Ifthevictimissufferingfromsecondorthird­degreeburns，there,\s\do8(⑧))isanurgentneedtotakehim/hertothehospitalatonce.[课文对译]急救处理1．将烧伤部位放在流动的冷水下冲洗，尤其在前十分钟。冷水冲洗可阻止烧伤进程，缓解疼痛和肿胀。2．用干净的布轻轻吸干烧伤部位的水分。3．如有必要，用剪刀剪掉烧伤部位的衣服，除非衣服与被烧伤的皮肤粘连在一起。4．用干净透气的布盖住烧伤部位。在受伤处涂抹油膏不可取，因为这会阻碍伤口散热，而且可能引发感染。5．如果烧伤部位在脸上，应确保伤者仍可呼吸。6．如果伤者是二度或三度烧伤，必须立刻送往医院。[难句破解]句⑥主句中usingscissors是动词­ing短语作状语。ifnecessary是状语从句的省略，完整形式为ifitisnecessary。unless引导条件状语从句。句⑦Applyingoiltotheinjuredareas作主语，as引导原因状语从句。句⑧If引导条件状语从句；thereisanurgentneedtodosth.是固定句型，表示“有做某事的迫切需要”。课文2eq\o(ChenWei，ahighschoolstudentinBeijing，hadhisdinner,\s\do8(①))interruptedwhenheheardsomeonescreamingfromanothertable.Afellowdinerattherestaurant,ZhangTao,waschokingonsomesteak.Hewasnowholdinghisthroatwithhisfaceturningred,whilehisdesperatefriendswereslappinghimontheback.[课文对译]北京高中生在吃晚餐，这时另一桌突然传来客人的尖叫声。原来餐馆里一个叫张涛的人被牛排噎住了。只见他按着喉咙，满脸通红，他的几个朋友正拼命拍打他的背部。[难句破解]句①本句是复合句。ahighschoolstudentinBeijing为ChenWei的同位语；hadhisdinnerinterrupted和heardsomeonescreaming分别为使役动词和感官动词的复合结构，即havesth.done;havesb.doingsth.;when引导时间状语从句。[课文对译]毫不迟疑。他立刻起身，跑到张涛桌前。在张涛朋友们的帮助下，扶着他站了起来。接着，站在张涛的背后，实施海姆利希急救法。食物瞬间被排出，张涛又能开始呼吸了。十分钟后，救护车赶到。医生们为张涛做了检查，确保他没有大碍。离开前，医生建议他吃饭要细嚼慢咽，小口进食。[难句破解]句②heeat...为省略that的宾语从句。suggest意为“建议”，其后的宾语从句要用should＋动词原形，should可以省略。Chokingvictimsusuallyhaveonlyaboutfourminutesbeforetheycollapseandsometimesdie,leavingnotimeforanambulancetoarrive.eq\o(Tosolvethisproblem，in1974，anAmericandoctor，HenryHeimlich，,\s\do8(③))createdtheHeimlichmanoeuvre,savingthousandsoflivesaroundtheworld.DoingtheHeimlichmanoeuvreisquick,practical,andeasy.eq\o(Itissoeasy，infact，thatalmostanyonecanlearnhow.,\s\do8(④))[课文对译]噎食者通常大约四分钟后就会瘫倒在地，有时甚至死亡，等不到救护车的到来。为解决这一问题，1974年美国医生亨利·海姆利希发明了海姆利希急救法，挽救了全世界成千上万人的生命。海姆利希急救法简便、实用、见效快。事实上，它非常容易操作，几乎所有人都能学会。[难句破解]句③本句是简单句。Tosolvethisproblem为目的状语；HenryHeimlich为anAmericandoctor的同位语；savingthousandsoflivesaroundtheworld为结果状语。句④so...that引导结果状语从句。If_you_see_someone_choking,_first_call_the_emergency_services.Then,makesurethatthevictimisreallychoking：Achokingpersoncannotspeak.Slappingthevictim'sbackwilloftenforceouttheobstruction.Ifthisdoesnotwork,youcanperformtheHeimlichmanoeuvrebystandingbehindhimandwrappingyourarmsaroundhiswaist.Makeafistwithonehandandplaceitintheupperpartofhisstomach.Grabbingyourfistwithyourotherhandtightly,pushupandintohisstomachinonemotion.Continuedoingthisuntiltheobstructionisforcedout.[课文对译]如果你发现有人被噎住，首先拨打急救电话。然后，确定此人确实是被噎住了：人被噎住时是无法说话的。拍打噎食者的背部通常可以将异物排出。如果不奏效，那么你可以实施海姆利希急救法。具体做法是：站在此人身后，用双臂环抱其腰部。一只手握拳，置于其上腹部，另一只手紧紧握住拳头，快速用力向上往里挤压。重复上述动作，直至异物排出。eq\o(DoingtheHeimlichmanoeuvreonasmallchildisnotremended，,\s\do8(⑤))asyoumayhurthim.Instead,laythechildfacedownonyourlapwiththeheadlowerthantherestofhisbody,andthengivefirmslapstohisupperbackuntilhecanbreatheagain.[课文对译]不建议对小孩实施海姆利希急救法，因为你可能会伤到他。相反，应将孩子脸朝下放在大腿上，使其头部低于身体其他部位，然后用力拍打其上背部，直至他恢复呼吸。[难句破解]句⑤Doingthe...child为动名词短语作主语。as引导原因状语从句。With_choking_victims,_every_minute_counts.Youcannotjuststandbyanddonothing.Luckily,Chenhadlearnthowtogivefirstaidinschool.SeeingZhangchoking,heremainedcalmandreactedimmediately.Chenlatersaidabouttheincident,“HowcouldIjustifysittingthereanddoingnothing?Weareallhumansandweallhavearesponsibilitytolookafteroneanother'swelfare.”[课文对译]救助噎食者，分秒必争。不要袖手旁观。幸运的是，在学校学过急救方法。看到张涛噎住，他保持冷静，且反应迅速。后来，谈起此事时说道：“我有什么理由坐在那儿袖手旁观呢？大家都是人，我们都有责任关心彼此的幸福。”三、词汇记忆无诀窍，适时“回首”记得牢1．techniquen． 技能；技术；技艺2．leafletn． 散页印刷品；传单；小册子3．organn. (人或动植物的)器官拓展eq\b\lc\|\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(organicadj.有机的,organismn.有机物))4．toxinn． 毒素(尤指细菌产生的致病物质)5．rayn． 光线；光束；(热、电等)射线6．senseoftouch 触觉7．radiationn. 辐射；放射线拓展|radiatev. 辐射8．acidn. 酸adj. 酸的；酸性的同义|souradj. 酸的；有酸味的9．millimetren. 毫米；千分之一米10．minoradj. 较小的；次要的；轻微的拓展|minorityn. 少数；少数民族反义eq\b\lc\|\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(majoradj.主要的,majorityn.多数))11．layern. 层；表层；层次12．electricadj. 电的；用电的；电动的搭配|electricshock 触电；电击13．victimn. 受害者；患者14．swellvi.(swelled,swollen) 膨胀；肿胀拓展|swollenadj. (身体部位)肿起的；肿胀的15．blistern. (皮肤上因摩擦、烫伤等引起的)水疱； (金属等表面的)气泡、水泡16．underneathprep.&adv. 在……底下；隐藏在下面17．nerven. 神经拓展|nervousadj. 紧张的18．fabricn． 织物；布料；(社会、机构等的)结构19．looseadj. 松的；未系紧的；宽松的拓展|looselyadv. 松散地；宽松地20．urgentadj. 紧急的；急迫的；急切的拓展eq\b\lc\|\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(urgevt.催促；极力主张；驱策,n.强烈的欲望,urgentlyadv.紧急地；急迫地,urgencyn.紧急；急事；催促))搭配eq\b\lc\|\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(haveanurgetodo渴望做,urgesb.todo催促某人做某事))21．easevi.&vt. (使)宽慰；减轻；缓解n． 容易；舒适；自在搭配eq\b\lc\|\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(withease容易地,putsb.atease使放松；使自在))22．paramedicn． 急救医生；护理人员23．swallowvt.&vi. 吞下；咽下24．wrapvt. 包、裹；(用手臂等)围住25．bathtubn． 浴缸；浴盆拓展eq\b\lc\|\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(bathn.洗澡；浴缸；浴盆,vt.给……洗澡))26．slipvi. 滑倒；滑落；溜走n. 滑倒；小错误；纸条27．mosquiton. 蚊子28．elderlyadj. 年纪较大的；上了年纪的(婉辞)29．carpetn. 地毯30．operatorn． 电话接线员；操作员拓展eq\b\lc\|\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(operatev.操作；做手术；经营,operationn.操作；手术))31．ambulancen. 救护车32．delayvi.&vt. 推迟；延期(做某事)vt. 耽误；耽搁n． 延误；耽搁(的时间)；推迟搭配|withoutdelay 立即；毫不迟疑33．needlen． 针；缝衣针；注射针；指针搭配|IVneedle 静脉注射针34．vitalsign 生命体征35．wardn. 病房36．drownvi.&vt. (使)淹死；溺死；浸泡；淹没37．sprainvt. 扭伤(关节)n. 扭伤38．anklen. 踝；踝关节39．bleedvi. 流血；失血拓展eq\b\lc\|\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(bleedingn.流血；失血,bloodn.血液))40．panicvi.&vt. (使)惊慌n. 惊恐；恐慌搭配|inpanic 恐慌地41．interruptvi.&vt. 打断；打扰vt. 使暂停；使中断拓展|interruptionn. 打断；打扰42．screamvi.&vt. (因愤怒或恐惧)高声喊；大声叫n． 尖叫；尖锐刺耳的声音43．fellowadj. 同类的；同事的；同伴的；同情况的n． 男人；家伙；同事；同辈；同类44．dinern． (尤指餐馆的)就餐者45．chokevi.&vt. (使)窒息；(使)哽咽46．steakn． 牛排；肉排47．throatn． 咽喉；喉咙48．desperateadj. 绝望的；孤注一掷的；非常需要的搭配eq\b\lc\|\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(bedesperatefor渴望,bedesperatetodo渴望做))拓展|desperatelyadv. 绝望地；拼命地49．slapvt. (用手掌)打、拍n． (用手掌)打、拍；拍击声50．helpsb.toone'sfeet 帮助某人站起身来51．practicaladj. 切实可行的；实际的；实践的拓展|practicen. 练习；实践；惯例52．obstructionn． 阻碍；堵塞；阻塞物53．fistn. 拳；拳头54．grabvt. 抓住；攫取n. 抓取；抢夺55．tightadj. 牢固的；紧身的；绷紧的；严密的adv. 紧紧地；牢固地拓展|tightlyadv. 紧紧地；牢固地；紧密地56．motionn. 运动；移动57．faceup/down 面朝上(朝下)58．justifyvt. 证明……有道理；为……辩护； 是……的正当理由59．welfaren． 幸福；福祉；安康；福利60．collapsevi. (突然)倒塌；(因病等)昏倒61．manualn. 使用手册；说明书adj. 用手的；手工的；体力的；手控的62．sleepin 迟起；睡过头；睡懒觉63．outofshape 健康状况不好64．foggyadj. 有雾的拓展|fogn. 雾；迷惑；困惑65．suburbn. 郊区；城外66．membershipn． 会员身份；全体会员；会员人数四、范文佳作多背诵，写作增分最实用(一)单元写作任务范文背诵写作话题1急救培训进校园活动假定你是红星中学李华，本周三你和同学参加了“红十字会急救培训进校园”活动，请给学校英文报写一份稿件，介绍此活动。内容包括：1．活动时间、地点；2.活动内容(听讲座，学习并实践具体情况下的急救步骤)；3.参加活动的感受。注意：1.写作词数应为80左右；2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。[推荐范文]FirstAidTrainingEnteringCampusAimedatraisingstudents'awarenessoffirstaid,theRedCrossbroughtfirstaidtrainingtoourcampuslastWednesday,whichleftmeadeepimpression.Atthebeginning,weassembledintheschoolhalltolistentoalectureabouttheimportanceoffirstaid.Afterrealizinghowimportantfirstaidis,wecouldn'twaittolearnmore.Afteraquickgrouping,wewereledtodifferentclassroomswhereatrainerdemonstratedthedetailedproceduresinvarioussituations.Wewatchedcloselyasheshowedeverymove.Thencamethetestforfirstaid.NervousasIwas,Imanagedtocarryoutallthemovesthatweretaughtjustnow.AsfarasI'mconcerned,thisactivityisofgreatbenefittous.Wehavelearnedalotfromit.写作话题2开设急救课假定你是李华，你有一个英国的同学Peter，他曾在中国学习过，现已回国。最近他听说你校开设了急救课，来信想询问一些情况，并向你请教一些关于烫伤的急救知识。请根据以下要点给他写一封回信：1．开设急救课的原因；2.烫伤的急救知识；3.邀请Peter再到中国学习。注意：1.写作词数应为80左右；2.请按如下格式作答。DearPeter，Gladtoreceiveyourletter.Wouldyouliketoeheretostudyagain?Wearealllookingforwardtoit.Bestwishes!Yours，LiHua[推荐范文]DearPeter，Gladtoreceiveyourletter.I'mwritingtotellyousomethingaboutthefirstaidcourseinourschoolandsomesuggestionsaboutscald.Thefirstaidcourseisanecessarypartofourschooleducation.Ifwehavelearnedsomethingaboutfirstaid,wecanhelpthoseindangerandevensavetheirlivesintime.Thesuggestionsaboutscaldareasfollows：First,removeclothingusingscissorsifnecessaryunlessitisstucktothescald.Then,placetheaffectedareaundercoolrunningwater.Lastbutnotleast,you'dbettergotohospitaliftheaffectedareaisstillpainful.Thecourseisveryinterestingandbeneficial.Wouldyouliketoeheretostudyagain?Wearealllookingforwardtoit.Bestwishes!Yours，LiHua(二)单元主题优美语段背诵语段1急救Adathenfoundastrongstick,whichshewouldusetokeephislegstraight.ShegentlyexplainedwhatshewasgoingtodoandthencarefullywrappedtheshirtsaroundRoy'slegandthestick.Roycriedoutinpain.“Iknowithurts，”Adasaidsoftly.“Butthiswillholditstilluntilyougettothehospital.”WhenAdawasdone,shelookedupandsawRoy'smamawatchingfromafewmetersaway.Behindherwasaneighborinapickuptruck.WhenAdasteppedaway,Roy'smamaranoverandheldRoy'sfaceinherhands.“Thankyou,Ada，”shesaid.AdahelpedthemliftRoyintothetruck,andthentheydrovedownthehillsidetowardsthehospital.然后阿达找到了一根结实的木棍，她将用它来保持他的腿挺直。她温柔地解释了自己要做什么，然后小心地把衬衫裹在罗伊的腿和木棍上。罗伊疼得大叫起来。“我知道很疼，”阿达轻声说。“但在你到达医院之前，这会一直保持不动。”当阿达做完后，她抬起头来，看到罗伊的妈妈在几米外看着。她身后是一位开着皮卡的邻居。当阿达走开时，罗伊的妈妈跑了过来，用手托着罗伊的脸。“谢谢你，阿达，”她说。阿达帮他们把罗伊抬上卡车，然后他们沿着山坡驶向医院。语段2救人Tomnoticedtheflamewasreachingup.Frozenwithfear,hestoodrootedtothespot.HeprehendedthegravityofthesituationandheldJane'shandtightly.Bothofthemwerecoughingandtheireyeswerestinging.Timeseemedtostandstill,thoughtheywereprobablythereforonlytwoorthreeminutes.TombeggedJanetorunforsafetyasquicklyaspossible.Janetriedtoshieldhernosefromthechokingsmokeandshookherhead.Shekeptpoundingagainstthedoor.Tomburstoutcrying.Luckily,someneighborspassingbystoppedandofferedhelp.AsenseofstrengthimmediatelyreplacedthemountingfearandanxietyinJane'smind.ShetoldthemMs.Makcikmustbestillintheroom.Theyforcedthedooropenwithalltheirmight.Sureenough,Makcikwaslyinginbed,unconscious.Shewascarrieddownstairsandthenrushedtothehospital,whereshefinallycametoherself.PeopleintheneighborhoodfeltrelievedandJaneandTomwereveryhappy.汤姆注意到火焰正在蔓延。他吓得僵住了，定在原地不动。他明白形势的严重性，紧紧地握住简的手。他们两个都在咳嗽，眼睛刺痛。时间似乎静止了，尽管他们可能只能在那里待两三分钟。汤姆恳求简尽快逃到安全地带。简尽力捂着鼻子挡住呛人的烟，摇了摇头。她不停地敲门。汤姆突然大哭起来。幸运的是，一些路过的邻居停下来提供帮助。一种力量感立刻取代了简心中上升的恐惧和焦虑。她告诉他们，马克西克女士一定还在房间里。他们用尽全力把门撞开。果不其然，马克西克躺在床上，不省人事。她被抬到楼下，然后被紧急送往医院，在那里她终于苏醒过来。附近的人都松了一口气，简和汤姆都很高兴。五、主题集群阅读，拓展主题认知时尚悦读(一)急救课程CPRpartofschoolcurriculumChinahasaskedallpublicschoolstoteachstudentsfirstaidandcardiopulmonaryresuscitationaspartofchildren'shealtheducationtoaddressthepublic'slackofknowledgeandpetencetostepinduringafirstaidemergency,accordingtoajointstatementbytheMinistryofEducationandRedCrossSocietyofChinaonMonday.Thereareasmanyas550,000suddencardiacdeathsinChinaeveryyear，eq\o(meaningonepersondiesperminuteduetocardiacarrest,\s\do8(①))，accordingtotheNationalCenterforCardiovascularDiseases.About60percentofthesedeathsoccuroutsidehospitalsandthesurvivalrateofapatienteq\o(whoreceivedCPRoutsideahospitalisless,\s\do8(②))than4.5percentinChina,paredwithabout47.5percentindevelopedcountries.ThepublicinChinaisseverelylackinginknowledgeoffirstaidandthenumberofpeoplewhohavereceivedfirstaidtrainingstandsatamere1percent.InthecityofBeijing,therateisslightlyhigherat4percent.[难句破解]①句是动词­ing形式短语作结果状语。②句中who引导的定语从句修饰名词patient;pared...countries是过去分词短语作状语，将中国心肺复苏成功率与发达国家相比较。[助读译文]心肺复苏知识是学校课程的组成部分为解决公众急救知识和能力不足的问题，教育部和中国红十字会周一联合印发通知，要求所有公立学校将急救知识和心肺复苏术纳入儿童健康教育内容。国家心血管疾病中心称，我国每年心脏性猝死发病人数多达55万，意味着每分钟就有1人因心脏骤停而死。