(中国文化)英语复习

>Overview

1.Th.re.coIou.o.th.Nationa.Fla.o.th.PR.symboIize.revolutio.an.th.yeIIo.co

Iou.o.th.star.th.goIde.briIIian.ray.radiatin.fro.th.vas.re.land.Th.desi

g.o.fou.smaIIe.star,surroundin..bigge.on.signifie.th.unit.o.th.Chines.p

eopI.unde.th.Ieadershi.o.th.Communis.Part.o.Chin.(CPC).

2.Chin.i..countr.o.varie.topographies,feature.wit.highland,i.th.wes.an.pl

ain.i.th.east.Mountainou.Ian.an.ver.roug.terrain.mak.u.abou.67.o.Chnes

.territory,basin,an.plain,abou.33%.

3.Th.firs.primitiv.ma.know.t.hav.existe.i.Cnin.i.Yuanmo.Man.wh.Iive.abou.

1..miIIio.year.ago.Pekin.Man.wh.existe.mor.tha.600,00.year.ag.a.Zhoukou

dian.i.th.vicinit.o.moder.Beijing.couI.wal.upright.mak.an.us.simpI.tool

s.an.mak.us.o.fire.

4.EquaIity,unity,andcommonprosperityarethebasicprinciplesofthe

ChinesegovernrrentinhandIingthereIationsbetweenethnicgroups.

5.PRC----------People5srepubIicofChina----------中华人民共和国

CPPCC-------ChinesePeople5sPoliticaIconsultativeConference-------中国

人民政治协商会议

CPC-----CommunistPartyofChina----中国共产党

NPC-----NationaIPeople'sCongress----全国人民代表大会

《义勇军进行曲》:MarchoftheVolunteers

京杭大运河：theGrandCanaIbetweenBeijingandHangzhou

炎黄子孙：descendantsofYanandHuang

特别行政区：speciaIadministrativeregion

*一国两制：onecountry,twosystems

ALocate,i.th.eas.o.th.Asia.continent.o.th.wester,shor.o.th.Pacifi.Ocean,th.P

R.ha..Ian.are.o.abou.9..miIIio.squar.kilometers.an.i.th.thir.larges.countr.

i.th.worId.nex.onI.t.Russi.an.Canada.Chin.i..countr.o.varie.topographica.fe

ature.wit.highland.i.th.wes.an.plain,i.th.east.Mountainou.Ian.an.ver.roug.t

errain.mak.u.abou.67.o.Chines.territory.basin.an.plain,abou.33%.Mos.o.Chin.

lie.i.th.nort.temperat.zone.characterize.b..war.cIimat.an.distinctiv.season

s..cIimat.weI.suite.fo.habitation.

>Chapterl

1.Th.phiIosoph.i.th.pre-Qi.time.v/a.marke.b.th.emergenc.o.variou.ancien.ph

iIosoph.views.Th.mos.infIuentia.schooI.v/er.Confucianism.Taoism.

Mohis.an.LegaIism.

2.AncientChinesephiIosopherssharesomecommonfeaturessuchastheirstress

onspirituaIexistence,practice,morality,harmonyandintuition.

3.ChineseethicsandmoraIityfocusesmoreonharmony,collectivismand

spirituaIIife.

4.China,asamulti-religioncountry,hasindigenousTaoistreIigionand

reIigionsofforeignoriginsuchasBuddhism,Islam,Catholicism,and

Christianity.

5.TheV/hiteHorseTempIelocatedintheeastofLuoyang,HenanProvinee,v/as

thefirstofficiaIIybuiltBuddhisttempleinChinaintheEasternHan

dynasty.

罢黜百家，独尊儒术：banningaIIschooIsofthoughtexceptConfucianism

佛经：Buddhistscriptures

三从四德：threeobedicnccsandfourvirtuss

八仙过海，各显神通：WhentheEightImmortaIscrossthesea,each

demonstratestheirdevinepower.

6.《古兰经》：theKoran

»Chin.i..multi-religio.country.Th.reIigion.tha.ar.beIieve.b.Chines,peopl.ar.

mainI.Taoism.Buddhism.Islam.Catholicis.an.Christianity.amon.whic.Taois.i.in

digenou.t.Chin.whiI.th.other,ar.o.foreig.origin.Chines.citizen.ma.freel,cho

os.thei.reIigiou.beIief.an.mak.clea.thei.reIigiou.affiIiations.

>Chapter2

1.OnFaultsofQin---JiaYi-----Handynasty

SongofEternaISorrow-----BaiJuyi-----Tangdynasty

TheScholarship-----WuJingzi-----Ming&Qingdynasties

TheGoddess----GuoMoruo-----modernperiod

WivesandConcubines-----SuTong-----contemooraryperiod

2.诸子散文--philosophicalprose

文学评论---1iterarycriticism

婉约派----softandtunefuIschooI

四大名著----theFourGreatClassicalNovels

诺贝尔文学奖----theNobelPrizeforLiterature

Th.boo.o.Songs.th.firs.antholog.o.poetr.i.China,include.30.poem.fro.th.earI

.Wester.Zho.dynast,t.th.middI.o.th.Sprin.an.Autum.period.I.th.Iigh.o.thei.r

hythms.th.work.ca.b.divide.int.thre.sections.feng.y.an.song.Th.poem.i.Th.Bo

o.o.Song.ar.mainI.writte.i.fou.characte.Iines.I.term.o.it.writin.technique,

i.ca.b.classifie.int.fu.bi.an.xing.A.th.startin.poin.o.Chines.Iiterature.Th

.Boo.o.Song.ha.grea.influenc.o.th.Iiterar.work.o.late,generations.

>Chapter3

1.CaIIigraph,retain.th.beaut,o.natur.an.iIIjminate.th.spiritua.beaut.o.hu

ma.beings.Chines.caIIigraph,stresse.th.overaI.Iayou.an.Harmon,betwee.wo

rd.an.Iines.

2.Traditiona.Chines.paintin.refer,t.ink-was.painting.I.ca.b.trace,t.th.Ta

n.dynast,an.flourishe.fro.th.Yua.dynast,onwards.I.hold.a.importan.pac.

i.th.histor.o.traditiona.Iandscap.painting.

3.Chines,oper.i.considere.on.o.th.thre.ancisn.form.o.dram.i.th.world.wit.

th.othe.tw.bein.Gree.traged.an.corned,an.India.Sanskri.opera.0.thes.thre

e.onI.Chines.opcr.stiI.rcmain.aIive.

4.Erhu.sometime,know,i.th.Wes.a.th.

“Chines.violin..i..twostrin.bowe.musica.instrumen.an.i.use.a..sol.inst

rumen,a.weI.a.fo.smaI.ensembIe.an.larg.orchestras.Th.mos.popula.erh.pie

c.i.Tw.Spring.RefIec.th.Moon.

楷书：regularscript相声：crosstalk

文房四宝：FourTreasuresoftheStudy

皮影戏:shadowpIays

5.弦乐器：pIuckedinstruments

ABeijin.Opera.whic.ha..histor.o.mor.tha.200years.enjoy.th.greates.reputatio.

amon.China5.traditiona.operas.I.Beijin.Opera,performer,v/ea.differen.type,o

.make-u.accordin.t.th.character,the.perform.Singing.recitation.acting.an.ac

robati.fightin.ar.th.fou.majo.artisti.mean.an.th.fou.basi.skiII.o.Beijin.Op

era.Eac.actio.o..Beijin.Oper.performe.i.highI.symboIic.Gestures,footwork,an

.othe.bod.movement,ca.expres.th.action.sue.a.openin..door,goin.upstairs.rov/

in..boat,ridin..ho-se.etc.

>Chapter4

1.Before1905,thereweretwokindsofschooIsinChina:private

schools,runbyscholarsteachingstudentsathome,andofficiaI

institutions,whichwereopentochiIdrenofnobIes.

2.InChinesebasiceducation,thecurricuIumisdesignedtomake

studentswe11-roundinmoraI,intellectual,physicaIand

aestheticaIdeveIopments,baseduponcognitiveIearningandthe

deveIopmentaIneedsofchiIdrenatdifferentages.

3.Secondar.vocationa.schoo.i.a.aIternativ.t.senio.middI.school.I

t.objectiv.i.t.prepar.student.fo.th.Iine.o.production.services

.technica.services.management.etc.

4.Th.histor.o.highe.educatio.i.Chin.ca.b.trace.bac.t.th.Ha.dynas

t.ove.200.year.ago.I.estabIishe.taixu.a.th.highes.educationa.i

nstitut.t.cuItivat.senio.schoIar.t.heI.administe.nationa.affai

rs.Sinc.th.Su.dynasty,th.institut.fo.highe.educatio.wa.caIIe.g

uozijian.whic.wa.aIs.th.highes.administrativ.burea.fo.nationa.

affairs.

四书五经：FourBooksandFiveClassics

科举制度：imperiaIcivilexaminationsystem

九年义务教育:Nine-YearcompuIsoryEducation

职业教育：vocationaIeducation

5.孔子学院：ConfuciusInstitute

ATh.imperia.civi.examinatio.syste.wa.a.examinatio.syste.throug.whi

c.taIente.peopI.wer.recognize.an.seIecte.a.governmen.officiaI.i.C

hina*.feuda.society.Th.practic.bega.i.th.Su.dynast,an.Iaste.abou

.130.year.unti.th.en.o.th.Qin.dynasty.I.ha.profoun.impac.o.th.pos

t-Sui-Tan.China5.socia.structure,poIitica.cationa.syst

em.an.humanisti.ideoIogies.

>Chapter5

1.Th.fou.grea.invention.i.ancien.Chin.hav.becom.importan.symboI.o.China'

.importan.roI.i.huma.civilization.The.ar.th.compass,gunpowder,paper-mak

in.an.printing.

2.TCMisverydifferentfromWesternmedicireinitsmeansofdiagnosisand

treatment,anditscompositionofdrugsandprescriptions.

3.Th.seismograph.invente.b.Zhan.Heng.ca.indicat.th.directio.o..distan.ear

thquake.I.wa.ove.1700year.Iate.tha..simila.instrumen.wa.invente.i.Europ

e.

4.On20November1984,xiangyanghong-10sailedfromShanghai,arrivingin

Antarcticaon25December,markingasignificantprogressinChina'spolar

research.

5.Tiangong-,i.China1.firs.spac.static,whic.serve,a.bot..manne.laborstor.

an.a.experimenta.testbed.I.demonstrate,it.orbita.rendezvou.an.dockin.ca

pabiIities.

6.BianQue-----fourmethodsofdiagnosis

HuaTuo----mafeisan

ZhangZhongjing-----OnDiseases

LiShizhen-----compendiumofMeteriaMedica

活字印刷术：movabletypeprinting

五禽戏：Five-AnimaIExercises

四贝运算：fourfundamentaIoperationsofarithmetic

哥德巴赫猜想：Goldbach,sConjecture

7.杂交水稻：hybridrice

*Whe.i.come.t.China'.ancien.scienc.an.technoogy.peopI.ma.immediateI.thin.o

.th.fou.grca.invcntions.nameIy.th.compass.gunpowder,papermakin.an.printing

.However,i.ancien.China.grea.achievement.wer.aIs.mad.i.astronomy,mathematic

s.traditiona.Chines.medicine.agricuIture.manufacturin.an.s.on.Achievement.m

ad.i.traditiona.Chines,medicin.wer.especiaII.remarkabIe.Bia.Que.o.th.Warrin

.State,period.invente.th.fou.method,o.diagnosis.observation.auscuItatio.an.

oIfaction.interrogation.an.paIpatio.an.puIs.feeIing.Compendiu.o.Materi.Medi

c.b.L.Shizhe.i.regarde.a.th.mos.compIet.an.comprehensiv.medica.boo.eve.writ

te.i.th.histor.o.t，aditiona.Chines.medicine.

>Chapter6

1.Tangdynasty------equestrianpolo

Songdynasty-----cuju

Yuandynasty-----chuiwan

2.ModernmartiaIartsconsistoffivecategories:boxing,weaponexercises,

sparringexercises,actuaIcombatandteamv/ork.

3.Qigong,aI8.caII©doe.breathin.exercise.i.practice.b.th.Chines.o..reguIa.b

asi.t.kee.fit.uQi.IiteraII.mean.uair.an.implie.uIif.force15.

4.Yanggeisatraditionaldanceaccompaniedbyrhythmicfolkmusicorsinging.

withthedancersdressedincostumesandholdingfansorhandkerchiefs.

5.I.wa.no.unti.193whe.th.10t.01ympi.Game.wer.heI.i.Lo.Angele.tha.Chin.wa.i

nvite.fo.th.firs.tim.t.sen.athlete,t.compete.Agai.i.Lo.Angele,i.1984.X.Ha

ifen.v/a.th.firs,goI.meda.winner,v/hic.marke.th.beginnin.o.China*.succes.i

.th.01ympi.Games

踢犍子：shuttlecockkicking

武术：martiala-ts

太极拳：taichichuan

全民健身：nationwidephysicaIfitness

北京奥运会：Beijing01ympicGames

*Wit.hundred,o.styIes.Chines.martia.art.ca.b.divide.int.man.schooIs.

A.a.importan.schooo.Chines.martia.arts.ta.ch.chua.i.marke.wit.sIo.an.gentI

.movements.Sine.i.ca.b.use.fo.seIf-defens.an.bod.buiIding.ta.ch.chua.ha.bee

om.a.importan.metho,o.physica.exercis.fo.peopIe.A.th.openin.ceremon.o.th.Be

ijin.01ympi.Games,th.ta.ch.chua.performanc.give.b.200.pIayer.create..grea.s

ensation.

>Chapter7

1.ZhuangpeopIe---AntiphonaISingingFestivaI

MiaopeopIcJumping「lower「estival

Daipeople-----Viater-SpIashingFestivaI

Yaopeople----DanuFestivaI

Mongolians----NadamFair

Baipeople-----ThirdMonthFestival

2.小年--PreIiminaryEve

春节联欢晚会---SpringFestivaIGala

七夕节---DoubleSeventhFestival

自治州----autonomousprefecture

黄金周---GoldenWeek

ATh.Sprin.Festiva.i.China,.mos.importan.tradtiona.festiva.tha.faII.o.th.fi

rs.da.o.th.firs.luna.month.Ther.ar.man.custom,observe,durin.thi.festiva.sue

.a.burnin.firecrackers,pastin.Sprin.Festiva.coupIets.payin.Ne.Yea.visits.ea

tin.dumpIings.etc.Ther.ar.variou.celebration.i.differen.pIace.durin.thi.fes

tivaI.amon.whic.traditiona.tempI.fair.Ias.fo.days.

>Chapter8

1.GeneraIIyspeaking,therearethreeessentiaIstandardsbywhichChinese

cookingisjudged,nameIy,coIor,aroma,andtaste,withtastebeingthemost

important.

2.A..forma,banquetth.hos.prepare,adequat.seat.fo.th.guests.Th.elderI.an.pe

opI.o.hig.statu.usuaII.si.a.th.norther.sid.o.th.tabI.o.directI.facin.th.e

ntranc.t.th.roomTh.concep.o.

"honore.south.hjmbI.north,i.closel.relate.wit.traditions.Chines.eticuett

e.

3.Chines.te.ca.b.classifie.int.fiv.basi.categorie.accordin.t.thei.differen.

processin.techniques.Th.fiv.type.ar.gree.tea.blac.tea.ooIon.tea.compresse

.tea.an.scente.tea.Som.mino.type.ar.whit.te.an.yeIIo.tea.

4.Th.drinkers.v/agegam.ha.man.forms,dependin.o.th.drinkers.socia.status,an.

interest.GeneraIIy.ther.ar.thre.categories.genera,games.Iiterar.game.an.c

ompetin.games.

5.八大菜系--eightregionsIcuisines

老火青见汤---double-stewedsoup

《舌尖上的中国》一一ABiteofChina

乌龙茶---oolongtea

交杯酒---arm-crossedwine

/Ther.i.a.oI.sayin.i.China.

ufoo.i.wha.matter,mos.t.people..I.iIlustrate.th.significan.rol.foo.pIay.i.

th.Iif.o.Chines.people.A..vas.countr.wit.divers,cIimates,products,an.custom

s.Chin.i.know.t.hav.eigh.regiona.cuisine.whic.incIud.Shandong.Sichuan.Guang

dong.Fujian.Jiangsu.Zhejiang.Anhui.an.Huna.cuisines.Ther.ar.thre.essentia.s

tandard.b.whic.Chines.cookin.i.judged.nameIy.color,aroma,an.taste.wit.tast.

bein.th.mos.important.Th.name.o.C