2025年医学外语考试题及答案

2025年医学外语考试题及答案医学外语考试（2025年）第一部分：听力理解（共20分）SectionA（短对话，10分）听下面5段短对话，每段对话后有1个小题，从A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。每段对话读两遍。1.对话内容：Patient:"Doctor,I’vehadapersistentcoughfortwoweeks,andit’sgettingworseatnight.Ialsofeelabitshortofbreathwhenclimbingstairs."Doctor:"Letmecheckyourrespiratoryratefirst.18breathsperminute,whichisnormal.Doyouhaveanyfeverorchestpain?"Patient:"Nofever,butthere’sadullachebehindthesternumwhenIcoughhard."问题：WhatsymptomdoesthepatientNOTmention?A.NighttimecoughB.ChestpainduringcoughingC.Highfever2.对话内容：Nurse:"Mr.Lee,yourbloodtestresultsareback.Thewhitebloodcellcountis15×10⁹/L(normalrange4-10×10⁹/L),andC-reactiveproteinis45mg/L(normal<10mg/L)."Patient:"Whatdoesthatmean,nurse?AmIinfected?"Nurse:"Itindicatesanacuteinflammatoryresponse.Thedoctorwillprescribeantibiotics,butweneedtowaitforthesputumcultureresulttoconfirmthepathogen."问题：Whatisthenurse’ssuggestionbasedonthetestresults?A.ImmediatesurgeryB.WaitingforsputumculturebeforeantibioticuseC.StartingantiviralmedicationSectionB（长对话，10分）听下面1段长对话，对话后有5个小题，从A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。对话读两遍。对话内容：Doctor:"Ms.Chen,let’sreviewyourfollow-upafterthetotalkneereplacementsurgerythreemonthsago.How’syourmobilitynow?"Patient:"Icanwalkwithoutacanemostofthetime,butthere’sstillswellingaroundtheknee,especiallyafterstandingformorethan30minutes.Andtherangeofmotionislimited—maybe90degreeswhenbending,notthe120degreesthephysicaltherapistaimedfor."Doctor:"Let’schecktheincisionsitefirst.Itlookshealedwell,norednessordischarge.TheX-rayshowstheprosthesisisproperlyaligned.Theswellingcouldbeduetoresidualinflammation;wecantryashortcourseofnon-steroidalanti-inflammatorydrugs(NSAIDs)fortwoweeks.Asfortherangeofmotion,haveyoubeenconsistentwiththehomeexercises?"Patient:"Idothem3-4timesaweek,butit’spainful.SometimesIskipaday."Doctor:"Painisexpected,butavoidingexerciseswilldelayrecovery.Let’sadjusttheregimen:10minutesofgentlestretchingtwicedaily,followedbyquadricepsstrengthening.I’llalsoreferyoutoaphysiotherapistforsupervisedsessionstwiceaweek.Let’sscheduleafollow-upinsixweeks."3.Whatisthepatient’smainconcernduringthefollow-up?A.IncisioninfectionB.LimitedkneemobilityandswellingC.Prosthesismisalignment4.Whatdoesthedoctorrecommendfortheswelling?A.SteroidinjectionB.NSAIDsfortwoweeksC.Compressionbandage5.Whydoesthedoctoremphasizeconsistentexercises?A.TopreventbloodclotsB.ToimproverangeofmotiondespitepainC.Toreducetheriskofprosthesisloosening第二部分：阅读理解（共30分）Passage1（15分）RecentadvancesinoncologyhavehighlightedtheroleofcirculatingtumorDNA(ctDNA)inpersonalizedcancermanagement.ctDNAreferstofragmentsoftumor-derivedDNAreleasedintothebloodstream,whichcanbedetectedvialiquidbiopsy.Unliketraditionaltissuebiopsies,liquidbiopsiesareminimallyinvasiveandallowforserialmonitoringoftumormutationsasthediseaseevolves.A2024studypublishedinTheLancetOncologyenrolled500patientswithmetastaticcolorectalcancer(mCRC)toevaluatetheclinicalutilityofctDNA.ParticipantsunderwentbaselinectDNAprofilingtoidentifyactionablemutations(e.g.,KRAS,NRAS,BRAF).Treatmentwasadjustedevery8weeksbasedonctDNAclearance:patientswithundetectablectDNAcontinuedcurrenttherapy,whilethosewithpersistentoremergingmutationsswitchedtotargetedagents.ResultsshowedthatpatientswithctDNAclearancewithin16weekshadamedianprogression-freesurvival(PFS)of11.2months,comparedto5.8monthsinthosewithoutclearance(p<0.001).Additionally,35%ofpatientswhoinitiallyhadnoactionablemutationsintissuebiopsieswerefoundtohavetargetablectDNAmutations,leadingtopersonalizedtreatmentadjustments.However,challengesremain.ctDNAdetectionsensitivityvariesbycancertype—forexample,itislessreliableinearly-stagebreastcancerwheretumorburdenislow.Technicalissues,suchasfalsepositivesfromclonalhematopoiesis,alsorequirecarefulinterpretation.Despitetheselimitations,ctDNAispoisedtotransformoncologybyenablingreal-time,non-invasivemonitoringoftreatmentresponse.6.Whatisthemainadvantageofliquidbiopsyovertraditionaltissuebiopsy?A.Higheraccuracyindetectingearly-stagetumorsB.MinimallyinvasiveandallowsserialmonitoringC.Lowercostforroutinetesting7.Accordingtothe2024study,whatwasthemedianPFSforpatientswithctDNAclearancewithin16weeks?A.5.8monthsB.11.2monthsC.8.5months8.WhyweresomemCRCpatientsabletoreceivepersonalizedtreatmentadjustments?A.TheirtissuebiopsiesrevealednewmutationsB.ctDNAidentifiedtargetablemutationsnotfoundintissuesamplesC.Theyshowedrapidresponsetofirst-linechemotherapyPassage2（15分）TheWorldHealthOrganization(WHO)hasraisedconcernsovertherisingincidenceofpost-COVID-19condition(PCC),oftenreferredtoas"longCOVID."PCCisdefinedasthepersistenceofsymptomsbeyond12weeksafterinitialSARS-CoV-2infection,whichcannotbeexplainedbyanalternativediagnosis.Commonsymptomsincludefatigue,dyspnea,cognitiveimpairment("brainfog"),andmusculoskeletalpain.Amulti-centercohortstudyinvolving10,000PCCpatientsinEuropefoundthat60%reportedfatigueastheirmostdisablingsymptom,while45%hadsignificantcognitivedeficitsaffectingdailyfunctioning.Notably,20%ofpatientswithmildacuteCOVID-19(nohospitalization)developedPCC,challengingtheinitialassumptionthatseverediseaseisaprerequisite.Pathophysiologicalmechanismsarestillunderinvestigation.Hypothesesincludepersistentviralreservoirs,autoimmuneresponses(e.g.,autoantibodiestargetingendothelialcells),anddysregulatedautonomicnervoussystemfunction.ManagementofPCCismultidisciplinary:physicaltherapyforfatigue,cognitivebehavioraltherapy(CBT)forbrainfog,andpharmacologicalinterventions(e.g.,low-doseantidepressantsforneuropathicpain).TheWHOhasissuedguidelinesemphasizingpatient-centeredcare:thoroughsymptomassessment,exclusionofcomorbidities(e.g.,thyroiddysfunction),andgradualrehabilitation.PublichealtheffortsarealsofocusedoneducatinghealthcareproviderstorecognizePCCandavoiddismissingsymptomsas"psychosomatic."9.Whatisthedefinitionofpost-COVID-19conditionaccordingtothetext?A.Symptomspersistingformorethan4weeksafterinfectionB.Symptomslastingbeyond12weekswithoutalternativediagnosisC.Severerespiratoryfailurerequiringhospitalization10.Whatpercentageofnon-hospitalizedCOVID-19patientsdevelopedPCCintheEuropeanstudy?A.20%B.45%C.60%第三部分：翻译（共30分）SectionA（中译英，15分）新型冠状病毒感染后，部分患者会出现长期症状，称为“长新冠”。这些症状包括持续疲劳、运动后不适、认知障碍和睡眠障碍，严重影响生活质量。研究表明，长新冠可能与病毒残留、免疫系统异常激活或自主神经功能紊乱有关。目前，临床管理强调多学科协作，包括康复治疗、认知行为疗法和个性化药物调整，以缓解症状并帮助患者恢复正常生活。SectionB（英译中，15分）Recentstudieshavedemonstratedthatearlyinitiationofstatintherapyinpatientswithacutecoronarysyndrome(ACS)reducestheriskofrecurrentmyocardialinfarctionby25%.Thisbenefitisattributedtoboththelipid-loweringeffectandthepleiotropicactionsofstatins,suchasanti-inflammatoryandendothelialprotectiveproperties.Cliniciansarenowadvisedtoadministerhigh-intensitystatinswithin24hoursofACSpresentation,providedtherearenocontraindications(e.g.,severeliverdysfunction).Patienteducationiscrucialtoensureadherence,aslong-termstatinuseisassociatedwithimprovedsurvivaloutcomes.第四部分：写作（共20分）根据以下病例摘要，用英文撰写一份出院小结（DischargeSummary），要求包含主诉、现病史、治疗经过、出院诊断及出院医嘱（至少5条）。病例摘要：患者张芳，女，56岁，因“反复上腹痛2周，加重伴呕吐1天”入院。2周前无诱因出现上腹部胀痛，餐后明显，未重视。1天前腹痛加剧，呈持续性绞痛，伴呕吐胃内容物3次，无发热、黄疸。既往有“高血压”病史5年，规律服用氨氯地平5mgqd，血压控制可。查体：T36.8℃，P88次/分，BP130/80mmHg，腹软，上腹部压痛（+），无反跳痛，Murphy征（-）。辅助检查：血常规WBC12×10⁹/L，中性粒细胞85%；血淀粉酶580U/L（正常<125U/L）；腹部CT提示胰腺肿胀，周围少量渗出。入院诊断：急性胰腺炎（轻型）。治疗：禁食、胃肠减压、奥曲肽抑制胰酶分泌、泮托拉唑护胃、头孢哌酮抗感染（过敏试验阴性）。经治疗，患者腹痛缓解，无呕吐，复查血淀粉酶降至150U/L，准予出院。答案第一部分：听力理解1.C（患者未提及高热）2.B（需等待痰培养结果）3.B（主要问题是活动受限和肿胀）4.B（建议NSAIDs两周）5.B（强调锻炼以改善活动度）第二部分：阅读理解6.B（微创且可连续监测）7.B（11.2个月）8.B（ctDNA发现组织活检未检测到的突变）9.B（症状持续12周以上且无其他诊断）10.A（20%）第三部分：翻译SectionAAfterinfectionwiththenovelcoronavirus,somepatientsdeveloplong-termsymptomsknownas"longCOVID."Thesesymptomsincludepersistentfatigue,post-exertionalmalaise,cognitiveimpairment,andsleepdisturbances,whichsignificantlyaffectqualityoflife.StudiessuggestthatlongCOVIDmayberelatedtoresidualvirus,abnormalactivationoftheimmunesystem,ordysregulationoftheautonomicnervoussystem.Currentclinicalmanagementemphasizesmultidisciplinarycollaboration,includingrehabilitationtherapy,cognitivebehavioraltherapy,andpersonalizedmedicationadjustments,toalleviatesymptomsandhelppatientsresumenormallife.SectionB近期研究表明，急性冠脉综合征（ACS）患者早期启动他汀类药物治疗可使再发心肌梗死风险降低25%。这一获益归因于他汀的降脂作用及其多效性，如抗炎和内皮保护特性。目前建议临床医生在ACS发作后24小时内给予高强度他汀治疗（无禁忌证时，如严重肝功能不全）。患者教育至关重要，以确保依从性，因为长期使用他汀与生存结局改善相关。第四部分：写作（示例）DischargeSummaryName:ZhangFang,Female,56yearsoldDateofAdmission:[具体日期]DateofDischarge:[具体日期]ChiefComplaint:Recurrentupperabdominalpainfor2weeks,aggravatedwithvomitingfor1day.HistoryofPresentIllness:Thepatientpresentedwithdullupperabdominalpain2weeksago,worseningaftermeals,whichwasinitiallyunmanaged.Onedaypriortoadmission,thepainintensifiedtopersistentcolic,accompaniedby3episodesofvomitinggastriccontents.Nofeverorjaundicewasreported.PastMedicalHistory:Hypertensionfor5years,managedwithamlodipine5mgoncedaily,bloodpressurewell-controlled.PhysicalExaminationonAdmission:T36.8℃,P88bpm,BP130/8