专题七动词及动词短语课件-06年深圳中考英语语法复习

专题七动词及动词短语

动词1.

动词种类种类含义例词示例实义

动词说明动作或者状态，能独立作谓语的动词。有人称、数、时态、语态的变化。可以分为及物动词和不及物动词。及物动词vt.直接加宾语不及物动词vi.单独使用或＋介词＋宾语learn，

watch，

cut，

run，

take...He

took

the

medicine

at

once.他立刻吃了药。He

is

running

on

the

playground

now.他正在操场跑步。种类含义例词示例系动词本身有意义，但不能单独作谓语，需要和表语一起构成系表结构，有人称、数和各种时态的变化（1）状态类be，seem，

keep，

remain，

stay（2）感观类look，sound，

smell，

taste，

feel（3）变化类become，

get，

turnThe

man

over

there

is

very

strong.那边那个男人非常强壮。种类含义例词示例助动词本身无词义或者意义不完整，不能单独作谓语。必须与别的动词连用，帮助构成各种时态、语态、否定句和疑问句等结构（1）be，用于构成进行时态（be

doing）和被动语态（be

done）（2）do/does/did，

用于构成一般现在时及一般过去时的疑问及否定句（3）will/shall

用于构成一般将来时（will/shall

do）（4）have/has/had用于构成完成时（have/has/had

done）The

bridge

was

built

last

year.这座桥是去年建的。种类含义例词示例情态

动词这类词词义不完整，不能

单独作谓语，只能和实义

动词一起构成谓语，没有

人称和数的变化can/could，must，

need，may/might，

ought

to，should...I

must

get

upearly.我必须早起。2.

动词的基本形式形式用法构成示例原形1.用在情态动词之后2.用在助动词do，

does，

did，

will，

shall之后3.用在祈使句的句首4.用在使役动词或者感官动词等之后5.用在动词不定式之后be，have，

learn，

eat，

doHe

can

swim.他会游泳。Does

he

cook

every

day？他每天都做饭吗？形式用法构成示例第三

人称

单数用在第三人

称单数的主

语之后，并

且句子的时

态为一般现

在时第三人称单数的变化规则：一般动词后加s如：

read—reads以辅音字母加y结尾的，变y为i加es

如：

carry—carries以字母-ch，-sh，-s，-x，-o结尾的常加es如：do—does不规则变化如：have—hasJack

reads

books

every

night

before

going

to

bed.杰克每晚睡前

都读书。形式用法构成示例过去式用于一般过去时过去式和过去分词的规则变化：一般动词后面加ed如：watch—watched以不发音的e结尾的动词后面加d如：like—liked以辅音字母加y结尾的动词，变y为i加ed

如：

carry—carried，

study—studied以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节动词，双写最后一个字母再加ed如：stop—stopped不规则变化如：cut—cutI

took

a

taxi

home

last

night.昨晚我乘出租车回家。过去分词用于完成时态

和被动语态中They

have

lived

in

Shanghai

for

two

years.他们已在上海居住两年了。It

is

celebrated

on

the

5th

of

the

fifth

lunar

month

every

year.每年农历五月初五，人们举行庆祝活动。形式用法构成示例现在分词

/动名词现在分词用

于进行时

（现在进行

时，过去进

行时）；动

名词起名词

的作用动名词和现在分词的构成规则：一般在动词原形后面加ing如：keep—keeping以不发音的e结尾的动词，去e加ing如：take—taking，

live—living以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节动词，双写最后一个字母，再加ing如：cut—cutting，

dig—digging少数以ie结尾的动词，变ie为y再加ing如：

die—dying，

tie—tyingMy

father

was

watching

TV

at

nine

last

night.我父亲昨晚九点钟在看电视。

1.

Mozart

（create）

many

pieces

of

beautiful

music.

That’s

why

he

is

so

famous.2.

My

father

is

too

tired.

Something

should

（do）

to

keep

him

relaxed.3.

Oh，

the

new

bed

（feel）

very

hard.

I

couldn’t

sleep

well

last

night.created

be

done

feels

4.

—Do

you

have

a

football，

Tom？—No，

but

my

cousin

（do）.

He

always

plays

it

with

his

classmates

after

school.5.

You

（need）

tell

Jim

the

good

news

because

I’ve

told

him

already.does

needn’t

动词短语1.

同一高频动词构成短语动词构成动词短语comecome

across偶然遇见；偶然发现

come

along进展；一起前往come

out出版；出现

come

from来自；出生于come

up

with想出；提出

come

off成功；脱落come

true实现

come

on快点；开始动词构成动词短语getget

up起床

get

dressed穿衣服get

to到达

get

married结婚get

over克服

get

lost迷路get

on/off上车/下车

get

together聚会动词构成动词短语givegive

up放弃

give

back归还；恢复give

in屈服

give

sb.

a

hand帮助某人give

out分发

give

over停止give

away捐赠

give

birth

to生育give

off发出（光、热等）

give

a

speech发表演讲动词构成动词短语looklook

after照顾

look

for寻找look

around环顾四周

look

like看起来像look

over仔细检查

look

into调查look

up查阅；抬头看

look

out当心look

through浏览；逐一查看

look

forward

to期待putput

away把……收起来

put

aside储存；搁置put

out扑灭

put

forward提出动词构成动词短语putput

up张贴；举起；搭建

put

down放下；记下；镇压put

on穿上；上演

put

on

weight增加体重put

off推迟

put

back推迟；放回taketake

up占据；开始从事

take

away拿走；消除take

down写下；记下

take

over接管take

off脱下；起飞

take

place发生take

in吸收

take

part

in参加动词构成动词短语turnturn

on打开

turn

left/right向左/右转turn

off关掉

turn

into变成turn

up调高

turn

out结果是；生产turn

down调低

turn

over翻转；移交turn

to转向；求助于

turn

against背叛动词构成动词短语setset

up建立；设立

set

an

example树立榜样set

out/off出发

set

sail启航set

aside留出；搁置

set

apart使突出set

free释放

set

down记下；放下set

back阻碍；推迟

set

in开始并持续2.

同一高频介词搭配动词构成短语介词构成动词短语aboutcare

about关心；在意

talk

about谈论hear

about听说

worry

about担心think

about思考；考虑

come

about发生awaygo

away走开

take

away拿走；带走pass

away去世

give

away赠送；泄露throw

away扔掉

run

away逃跑介词构成动词短语offcut

off切除；切断

put

off推迟fall

off跌落

call

off取消go

off

（警报器）响起

give

off散发pay

off偿清（欠款等）

break

off中断set

off出发；动身

keep

off远离see

off送别

lay

off解雇show

off炫耀

go

off响起（闹钟）；离开介词构成动词短语ongo

on继续

turn

on打开hold

on抓住；坚持

go/carry

on继续depend

on依靠；取决于

call

on拜访outbreak

out爆发

check

out执行；实施run

out用光；用尽

wear

out磨损；用坏find

out查清楚；弄明白

carry

out执行；实施hand

out分发

die

out灭绝介词构成动词短语outwork

out算出；想出

let

out发出；泄露；出租blow

out吹灭

turn

out结果是；生产upcut

up切碎

tear

up撕碎dress

up打扮

burn

up烧尽eat

up吃完

pick

up拾起end

up最终

stand

up站起来get

up起床

clean

up清理介词构成动词短语upcheer

up使振作

fix

up修理pick

up捡起；拾起；开车接

tidy

up整理grow

up长大

wake

up醒来stay

up熬夜

speed

up加速forlook

for寻找

search

for查找care

for照顾

wait

for等待leave

for前往

apply

for申请介词构成动词短语forprepare

for为……做准备

call

for需要；要求stand

for代表

ask

for要求得到downbreak

down出故障；崩溃

fall

down跌倒lie

down躺下

slow

down减速calm

down冷静下来

put

down放下；镇压cut

down砍倒；减少

let

down使失望介词构成动词短语overcome

over顺便来访

take

over接管get

over克服；从……中恢复

hand

over移交think

over仔细考虑

look

over检查；浏览withcooperate

with与……合作

deal

with/do

with处理；应付compete

with与……竞争

argue

with与……争论come

up

with想出；提出

share

with分享catch

up

with赶上

communicate

with与……交流介词构成动词/形容词短语withbe

filled

with充满

combine

with与……结合be

strict

with对……严格

fight

with与……打架fall

in

love

with爱上……

begin

with以……开始be

satisfied/pleased/happy

with对……满意be

familiar

with对……熟悉

end

up

with以……结束get

along/on

well

with与……相处得好make

friends

with与……交朋友介词构成动词/形容词短语withcompare...with...与……相比较provide

sb.

with

sth.给某人提供某物agree

with/disagree

with同意……/不同意……begin

with/end

up

with以……开始/以……结束

请根据汉语提示完成句子翻译。1.

—Could

you

please

tell

me

where

Mr

Green

is？—Sure.

He

has

（出发）

for

London.2.

We

should

（查明）

who

broke

the

door

of

the

classroom

yesterday.3.

—Shall

we

go

to

the

nature

park

this

weekend？—Good

idea.

We

can

（吸收）

fresh

air

in

the

park.set

out

find

out

take

in

4.

—Everyone

should

build

the

good

habit

of

saving

food.—I

agree.

So

I

always

（吃完）

the

food

I

order.5.

—Can

you

（张贴）

the

sign

for

the

community

party？—Sure.

Where

should

I

hang

it？eat

up

put

up

一、单项选择（

A

）1.

（2025·甘肃金昌中考）

you

turn

down

the

TV，

please？I’m

trying

to

work.A.CouldB.MustC.MightD.ShouldA（

A

）2.

（2025·福建中考）—How

did

you

the

difficult

math

problem？—With

my

teacher’s

help.A.work

outB.hear

aboutC.give

upD.break

outA（

D

）3.

（2025·甘肃中考）Don’t

worry

about

me.

I

can

myself.A.look

atB.look

forC.look

outD.look

afterD（

B

）4.

（2025·四川遂宁中考）—Helen，

the

lights

when

you

leave

the

room.—OK，

Mr.

Smith.

I

got

it.A.turn

onB.turn

offC.turn

upD.turn

downB（

A

）5.

（2024·黑龙江齐齐哈尔中考）—Jane，

I

saw

your

brother

yesterday.—It

be

him.

My

brother

is

studying

in

Shenzhen.A.can’tB.mustn’tC.needn’tD.shouldn’t（

A

）6.

（2024·海南中考）—

I

go

out

with

my

friend

now，

Dad？—I’m

afraid

you

have

to

finish

your

homework

first.A.CanB.ShouldC.MustD.WillAA（

B

）7.

（2025·甘肃中考）Steven

decided

to

clean

up

the

city

parks

with

other

volunteers

on

Earth

Day.A.found

outB.made

up

his

mindC.took

the

placeD.set

up（

C

）8.

（2025·黑龙江中考）The

stewardess（空中乘务员）

announced，

“Welcome

to

our

flight.

The

plane

will

in

ten

minutes.

Please

fasten（系紧）

your

seat

belts.”A.turn

offB.put

offC.take

offD.fall

offBC（

C

）9.

（2025·江苏扬州中考）Stress

comes

and

goes.

Sometimes

you

just

need

to

.A.sit

downB.fall

downC.calm

downD.come

down（

A

）10.

（2024·湖北武汉中考）—Ben，

help

me

the

book

from

the

shelf，

will

you？

It’s

out

of

my

reach.—With

pleasure.A.take

downB.throw

awayC.look

throughD.hand

outCA（

B

）11.

（2024·江苏扬州中考）Many

think

SOS

is

short

for

“save

our

ship”，

but

it

doesn’t

really

anything.A.look

forB.stand

forC.pay

forD.try

for（

A

）12.

（2024·四川乐山中考改编）—I

Mike

on

Monday.

He

invited

us

to

visit

his

hometown

in

his

letter.—Do

we

accept

his

invitation？

We

hav