2026年托福考试阅读部分模拟题及答案

2026年托福考试阅读部分模拟题及答案考试时长：120分钟满分：100分试卷名称：2026年托福考试阅读部分模拟题及答案考核对象：托福考试备考者题型分值分布：-判断题（总共10题，每题2分）总分20分-单选题（总共10题，每题2分）总分20分-多选题（总共10题，每题2分）总分20分-案例分析（总共3题，每题6分）总分18分-论述题（总共2题，每题11分）总分22分总分：100分---一、判断题（每题2分，共20分）请判断下列陈述的正误。1.TheGreatBarrierReefisprimarilylocatedinthePacificOcean.2.PhotosynthesiswasfirstdiscoveredbyaDutchscientistinthe17thcentury.3.TheEiffelTowerwasoriginallyintendedforBarcelona,Spain,butrejectedduetoitsdesign.4.TheAmazonrainforestisthelargestrainforestinAfrica.5.Dinosaursbecameextinctduetoavolcaniceruption65millionyearsago.6.TheLouvreMuseumislocatedinRome,Italy.7.TheMonaLisawaspaintedbyLeonardodaVinciintheearly16thcentury.8.TheTajMahalwasbuiltbyQueenElizabethIofEngland.9.TheGreatWallofChinaisvisiblefromspacewiththenakedeye.10.ThefirstairplanewasinventedbytheWrightbrothersin1903.二、单选题（每题2分，共20分）请选择最符合题意的选项。1.WhichofthefollowingisNOTaprimaryfunctionoftheGreatBarrierReef?A.SupportingmarinebiodiversityB.GeneratingrenewableenergyC.ProtectingcoastalerosionD.Providingtourismrevenue2.Whoiscreditedwiththefirstsuccessfuldemonstrationofphotosynthesis?A.AntonievanLeeuwenhoekB.CarlLinnaeusC.JanIngenhouszD.RobertBoyle3.WhywastheEiffelTower'soriginaldesignrejectedforBarcelona?A.Itwasdeemedtootallandunsuitableforthecity.B.Itwastooexpensivetoconstruct.C.Itwasconsideredtoostrangeandunsuitable.D.Itwasalreadyunderconstructionbyanotherarchitect.4.WhichcontinentishometotheAmazonrainforest?A.AfricaB.AsiaC.SouthAmericaD.NorthAmerica5.Whatcausedtheextinctionofdinosaurs?A.ClimatechangeB.AvolcaniceruptionC.OverhuntingbymammalsD.Ameteoriteimpact6.InwhichcountryistheLouvreMuseumlocated?A.ItalyB.SpainC.FranceD.Germany7.WhopaintedtheMonaLisa?A.MichelangeloB.RaphaelC.LeonardodaVinciD.Donatello8.WhobuilttheTajMahal?A.EmperorAkbarB.QueenElizabethIC.ShahJahanD.NapoleonBonaparte9.WhatisacommonmisconceptionabouttheGreatWallofChina?A.Itisvisiblefromspace.B.ItwasbuiltentirelybytheMingDynasty.C.ItstretchesacrosstheentirewidthofChina.D.Itwasprimarilyusedfordefense.10.Whatyearwasthefirstairplaneinvented?A.1852B.1903C.1885D.1911三、多选题（每题2分，共20分）请选择所有符合题意的选项。1.WhatarethemainbenefitsoftheGreatBarrierReef?A.BiodiversityconservationB.EconomicrevenuefromtourismC.ClimatechangemitigationD.Freshwatersupply2.Whatarethekeystagesofphotosynthesis?A.Light-dependentreactionsB.CarbonfixationC.OxygenproductionD.Nitrogenabsorption3.WhatarethereasonstheEiffelTower'soriginaldesignwasrejected?A.Itsheightwasdeemedexcessive.B.Itsdesignwasdeemedtoostrange.C.Itwastooexpensive.D.Itwasalreadypartiallybuilt.4.WhataretheecologicalimportanceoftheAmazonrainforest?A.Itishometoalargenumberofspecies.B.Ithelpsregulateglobalclimate.C.Itisamajorsourceoftimber.D.Itistheprimarysourceoffreshwater.5.Whatarethecausesofdinosaurextinction?A.AmeteoriteimpactB.VolcaniceruptionsC.ClimatechangeD.Overhunting6.WhatarethenotablefeaturesoftheLouvreMuseum?A.IthousestheMonaLisa.B.Itistheworld'slargestartmuseum.C.ItislocatedinRome.D.Itwasbuiltinthe19thcentury.7.WhatarethehistoricalsignificancesoftheMonaLisa?A.Itisoneofthemostfamouspaintingsinhistory.B.ItwaspaintedduringtheRenaissance.C.Itwasstoleninthe20thcentury.D.Itwasoriginallytitled"LaGioconda."8.WhatarethearchitecturalstylesoftheTajMahal?A.MughalB.GothicC.RenaissanceD.Baroque9.WhatarethecommonmisconceptionsabouttheGreatWallofChina?A.Itisvisiblefromspace.B.Itwasbuiltinasingleperiod.C.Itwasprimarilyusedfortrade.D.Itisthelongestman-madestructure.10.WhatarethecontributionsoftheWrightbrothers?A.Inventingthefirstsuccessfulairplane.B.Developingthetheoryofaerodynamics.C.Winningthefirstaviationrace.D.Establishingthefirstaviationschool.四、案例分析（每题6分，共18分）1.CaseStudy:TheGreatBarrierReefTheGreatBarrierReefisavastmarineecosystemlocatedintheCoralSea,offthecoastofQueensland,Australia.Itistheworld'slargestcoralreefsystem,composedofover2,900individualreefsand900islands.Thereefsupportsadiverserangeofmarinelife,includingover1,500fishspecies,411coralspecies,andnumerousbirdsandmarinemammals.However,thereefisfacingthreatsfromclimatechange,pollution,andoverfishing.Questions:a.WhataretheprimarybenefitsoftheGreatBarrierReef?b.Whatarethemainthreatstothereef?c.Howcanconservationeffortshelpprotectthereef?2.CaseStudy:PhotosynthesisPhotosynthesisisaprocessusedbyplants,algae,andcertainbacteriatoconvertlightenergyintochemicalenergy.Theprocessinvolvestwomainstages:thelight-dependentreactionsandtheCalvincycle(carbonfixation).PhotosynthesisiscrucialforlifeonEarthasitprovidesoxygenandorganiccompoundsthatsustainmostecosystems.Questions:a.Whatarethetwomainstagesofphotosynthesis?b.WhyisphotosynthesisimportantfortheEarth'secosystem?c.Howdoesclimatechangeaffectphotosynthesis?3.CaseStudy:TheWrightBrothersandtheFirstAirplaneTheWrightbrothers,OrvilleandWilbur,wereAmericaninventorsandaviationpioneerswhomadethefirstcontrolled,sustainedflightofapowered,heavier-than-airaircraftonDecember17,1903.Theirinventionrevolutionizedtransportationandhadaprofoundimpactonglobaltravelandwarfare.Questions:a.WhatwerethekeycontributionsoftheWrightbrothers?b.Whatchallengesdidtheyfaceduringtheirexperiments?c.Howdidtheirinventionchangetheworld?五、论述题（每题11分，共22分）1.Discusstheimportanceofbiodiversityinmarineecosystems,usingtheGreatBarrierReefasanexample.Explainhowhumanactivitiescontributetobiodiversitylossandsuggestmeasurestomitigatetheseimpacts.2.Explaintheprocessofphotosynthesisindetail,includingitsstagesandsignificancefortheEarth'secosystem.Discusshowclimatechangeandpollutionaffectphotosynthesisandproposesolutionstoprotectplantlife.---标准答案及解析一、判断题（每题2分，共20分）1.错误（位于大堡礁海域）2.正确（由荷兰科学家JanIngenhousz于1779年发现）3.正确（设计过于奇特，被巴塞罗那拒绝）4.错误（位于南美洲）5.正确（由小行星撞击导致）6.错误（位于法国巴黎）7.正确8.错误（由莫卧儿帝国皇帝沙贾汗建造）9.错误（肉眼无法从太空中看到）10.正确解析：-第1题：大堡礁位于太平洋，而非大西洋。-第2题：JanIngenhousz是光合作用的发现者。-第3题：EiffelTower的设计在当时过于前卫，被巴塞罗那拒绝。-第4题：亚马逊雨林在南美洲。-第9题：需要望远镜才能看到长城。二、单选题（每题2分，共20分）1.B（发电非其功能）2.C（JanIngenhousz首次成功演示光合作用）3.C（设计被认为过于奇特）4.C（南美洲）5.D（小行星撞击）6.C（法国巴黎）7.C（达芬奇所画）8.C（沙贾汗建造）9.A（肉眼不可见）10.B（1903年）解析：-第1题：大堡礁主要功能是生物多样性保护、旅游、防侵蚀。-第5题：恐龙灭绝的主要原因是小行星撞击。三、多选题（每题2分，共20分）1.A,B（生物多样性保护、旅游收入）2.A,B,C（光反应、碳固定、产氧）3.A,B（高度过高、设计奇特）4.A,B（物种多样性、气候调节）5.A,B,C（小行星撞击、火山活动、气候变化）6.A,B,D（收藏《蒙娜丽莎》、世界最大艺术馆、19世纪建成）7.A,B,C,D（历史地位高、文艺复兴时期、曾被盗、原名《吉奥孔达》）8.A（莫卧儿风格）9.A,B,D（不可见、非单时期建造、最长人工结构）10.A,B（发明飞机、发展空气动力学理论）解析：-第1题：大堡礁不提供淡水。-第8题：泰姬陵是莫卧儿风格建筑。四、案例分析（每题6分，共18分）1.CaseStudy:TheGreatBarrierReefa.参考答案：生物多样性保护、旅游收入、气候调节。b.参考答案：气候变化（海水变暖）、污染（农业和工业废水）、过度捕捞。c.参考答案：建立保护区、减少污染排放、控制捕捞量、公众教育。解析：-a.大堡礁是生物多样性宝库，带动旅游业，并有助于调节气候。-c.保护措施需综合环境、经济和社会因素。2.CaseStudy:Photosynthesisa.参考答案：光反应、碳固定（卡尔文循环）。b.参考答案：提供氧气和有机物，支持生态系统。c.参考答案：气候变化导致温度升高，影响光反应效率；污染（如二氧化硫）破坏叶绿素。解析：-b.光合作用是地球生命的基础。-c.污染会抑制植物生长。3.CaseStudy:TheWrightBrothersa.参考答案：发明第一架可控飞机。b.参考答案：风