目的论视角下的万豪实习生指导手册汉英翻译研究

PAGE21论文题目(英文) AStudyontheC-ETranslationofMarriotternshipTraineeGuideBook,fromthePerspectiveofSkoposTheory(中文)目的论视角下的万豪实习生指导手册汉英翻译研究AcknowledgementsItisapleasuretothankthosewhohavehelpedmeintheproductionofthisthesis.Firstandforemost,IowedeepgratitudetomysupervisorProfessorYangJinsongwhoguardedmeintostudyofskopostheory.Ifeelsogratefulandfortunatetohavebeenoneofherstudents,especiallyfortheedificationonthedraftthesis.Secondly,Iwouldalsoliketoshowmythankstomydearclassmateswhohavehelpedmeandgivenmesuggestionsinmythesis.Lastbutnotleast,Iamgratefultomyfamilymemberswhohavegivenmesupportduringmyprocessofwritingthisthesis.AbstractSkopostheoryisanimportantbranchofthefunctionalschoolandacommontranslationstrategy.Atpresent,scholarsfocusmoreonthetheoreticalanalysisofskopostheory,butlessontheanalysisoftrainingmaterialsintransnationalhotels.Guidedbyskopostheory,thispaperanalyzestheChinesetranslationofMarriotternshipTraineeGuideBookanddiscusseswhetherthetranslationconformstotheculturalhabitsofthetargetlanguage(Chinese)fromthethreerulesofskopostheory,theyareskoposrule,coherenceruleandloyaltyrule.Theconclusionisthatthethreerulesofskopostheoryarenotwellreflectedinthetranslationofthetraineeguidebook.Throughtheanalysisofthetranslationthatviolatesskopostheory,theimportantroleofskopostheoryinguidingtranslationpracticeisfurtherdemonstrated.Intranslationpractice,translatorsshouldfollowthethreerulesofskopostheoryinordertoachievethebesttranslationeffect.Keywords:skopostheory;traineeguidebook;C-Etranslation摘要目的论是功能学派的一个重要分支，也是常用的翻译策略。目前学者对于目的论的研究多集中理论层面的分析，而用于跨国酒店内部培训资料的分析较少。本文在翻译目的论的指导下，对《万豪实习生项目——实习指导手册》中文译文进行分析，从目的论的三个原则，即目的原则，连贯原则和忠诚原则，探讨译文是否顺应目的语（中文）的文化习惯。结论是：实习指导手册译文有多处未能很好地体现目的论的三个原则。通过对违反目的论的译文的分析，更加体现了翻译目的论对翻译实践的重要指导意义，在翻译实践中译者应遵循目的原则，连贯原则，忠诚原则以求最佳翻译效果。关键词：目的论；实习指导手册；汉译英Contents1Introduction 11.1 Researchbackground 11.2 Researchaim 11.3Researchquestionsandhypothesis 11.4Researchmethods 21.5Layout 22Literaturereview 32.1Studiesofskopostheory 32.2Studiesofapplicationofskopostheory 42.3Summary 53TheoreticalFramework 73.1Basicideasoftheskopostheory 73.2Threerulesofskopostheory 73.2.1skoposrule 73.2.2coherencerule 83.2.3loyaltyrule 83.3Theapplicationofskopostheoryintranslationpractice 83.4Failuretoobserveskopostheory 93.4.1Violationofskoposrule 93.4.2Violationofcoherencerule 93.4.3Violationofloyaltyrule 93.5Summary 94.AnalysisandFindings 114.1Failuretoobserveskoposrule 114.2Failuretoobservecoherencerule 124.3Failuretoobserveloyaltyrule 134.4Summary 145.Conclusion 155.1Findings 155.2Limitations 155.3Prospects 16References 17Appendixes 20目录1引言 错误!未定义书签。1.1 研究背景 错误!未定义书签。1.2 研究目的 错误!未定义书签。1.3研究问题和研究假设 错误!未定义书签。1.4研究方法 错误!未定义书签。1.5总结 错误!未定义书签。2文献综述 错误!未定义书签。2.1目的论的理论研究 错误!未定义书签。2.2目的论的实践应用 错误!未定义书签。2.3总结 错误!未定义书签。3理论框架 73.1目的论的基本观点 73.2目的论的三个原则 73.2.1目的原则 73.2.2连贯原则 83.2.3忠实原则 83.3目的论在翻译实践中的应用 83.4目的论的违背 93.4.1未遵守目的原则 93.4.2未遵守连贯原则 93.4.3未遵守忠实原则 93.5总结 94.万豪实习指导手册中汉英翻译的分析 114.1手册中违反目的原则的分析 114.2手册中违反连贯原则的分析 124.3手册中违反忠实原则的分析 134.4总结 145.总结 155.1研究结果 155.2局限性 155.3建议 16参考文献 17附录 201Introduction1.1ResearchbackgroundSkopostheoryisanimportantpartoffunctionalisttranslationtheory,whichwasputforwardbyaGermantranslatorHansVermeerandperfectedbyKristinaNord.Thepurposeoftranslationdeterminesthemeansoftranslation,whichisthecoreconceptofskopostheory.Thetranslatorshouldfirstweighthefunctionalfeaturesofthetranslationratherthantheequivalenceprincipleduringtheprocessoftranslation.InChina,agrowingnumberofscholarshadbeenshowingtheirinterestsinskopostheory,butonlyafewpersonsstudiedtheapplicationofitintheChinese-Englishtranslationoftraineeguidebook.1.2ResearchaimAstheeconomicglobalizationdeepens,manycompanieshaveexpandedtheirbusinessfromdomestictoforeigncountriesandbecometransnationalenterprises.BusinessbetweenEnglish-speakingcountriesandnon-English-speakingcountriesisfrequent.Althoughtherearedifferencesinlanguageandculture,thestandardsofenterprisemanagementstillneedtobeunifiedandstandardized,sothetrainingprocessofemployeesindifferentcountriesshouldalsomeetthesamestandards.Basedonthis,thispaperwillbedevotedtoanalyzingtheChinesetranslationoftheMarriotternshipTraineeGuideBookwhichviolatesthethreeprinciplesofskopostheoryandmodifythemtomakeitmoreacceptabletothetargetreaders,andsummarizeshowthetransnationalgroupcanachievethesamegoalofinformationtransmissionthroughcertaintranslationmethodswithoutchangingtheirtrainingstandards.1.3ResearchquestionsandhypothesisUndertheframeworkofskopostheory,thispaperwillscreenandstudytheChinese-EnglishtranslationoftheMarriotternshipTraineeGuideBookfromtheperspectiveofthetargetreaders,andfindoutthepatternsofthistypeoftranslationtoachieveagoodtranslationeffect.Thethesisproposesaddressingthefollowingquestions:1.HowdoesthetranslationintheMarriotternshipTraineeGuideBookfailtofollowskopostheory?2.WhataretheadvantagesofapplyingthethreeprinciplesofskopostheoryintheChinese-EnglishtranslationoftheMarriotternshipTraineeGuideBook?Theresearchhypothesisofthispaperis:intheprocessoftranslation,thetranslatordoesnotconsiderthefunctionofthetext,butsimplyusessometranslationtechniques,suchasliteraltranslationandfreetranslation,domesticationandforeignization,whichleadstothecontradictionbetweenthetargettextandskopostheory.Byapplyingthethreerulesofskopostheorytomodifythetranslationsinthetraineeguidebook,thetargettextcanmoreaccuratelyconveytheinformationofthesourcetext.Inotherwords,skopostheorycanbeusedintranslationofEnglishguidebooktoadapttothetargetlanguagesoastoeffectivelyconveytheexpectedinformationandrealizecross-languagebarrier-freecommunication,andit’stranslationtechniquesthatwillbewidelyusedintheC-ETranslationofMarriotternshipTraineeGuideBook.1.4ResearchmethodsWithskopostheory,traineeguidebookandC-Etranslationaskeywords,thispaperwillintroducethebasicviewpointsofGermanFunctionalismandskopostheoryinageneralway.ThispaperwilltaketheC-EtranslationofMarriotternshipTraineeGuideBookasthestartingpointandtheskopostheoryasthetheoreticalbasis,itwillusethethreeprinciplesofskopostheorytoanalyzeandimprovethetranslationinthetraineeguidebooksoastoputforwardthetheoreticalguidanceofskopostheory.1.5LayoutThispapercomprisesfiveparts.Thecontentsarelistedasfollows:thefirstpartintroducesthebackground,thesignificanceandtheorganizationofthisthesis.ThesecondpartgivesabriefliteraturereviewthatsmmarizesresearchresultsofskopostheoryachievedbyotherscholarsinChinaandabroadandthestudiesoftheapplicationsofthetheory.Thethirdpartfocusesontheintroductionoftheskopostheoryanditsthreerules:skoposrule,coherenceruleandloyaltyrule,presentingtheapplicationofskopostheoryintranslationpracticeandsituationsoffailingtoobservethetheory.ThefourthpartliststhesentencesthatviolatethethreerulesofskoposthheoryintheMarriotternshipTraineeGuideBookandconvertsthemintobetterChineseexpressions.Thefifthpartconcludesaboutthegeneralideas,thelimitsandfurthersuggestionsofthisstudy.2Literaturereview2.1StudiesofskopostheoryThefunctionalschoolwasborninGermanyinthe1970s,representedbyKatharinaReissandherstudentsHansVermeer,JustaHolzMantarri,andChristianeNord.In1971,Reissintroducedtextfunctionintotranslationcriticismandputforwardtheideaoffunctionaltranslationtheory.Then,afunctionalcriticismmodelbasedonthefunctionalrelationshipbetweensourcelanguageandtargetlanguageisproposed.Mantarri(2001)proposedthetranslationbehaviortheorybasedonthecommunicationtheoryandbehaviortheorywiththepurposeofprovidingamodelandguidanceforprofessionaltranslationsituations.Theconceptof"functionplusloyalty"wasfirstproposedbyNord(1991),inhispiontofview,thetranslatorshouldberesponsibleforboththesourcetextandthetranslationenvironment,aswellasthesenderofthesourcetextandthereaderofthetargetlanguage.Inotherwords,nooriginal,notranslation.ThewordskoposcomesfromGreekandstandsfor“purpose”,“goal”,“aim”or“intention”.Thistheoryhasbeenwidelyappliedtomanytranslationtexts.Vermeer’sskopos

theoryisbasedonthepremisethathuman

interaction(anditssubcategory:translation)isdetermined

byitspurpose(skopos),andthereforeitisafunctionofits

purpose.Theskoposofatranslationisdeterminedbythe

functionwhichthetargettextisinternedtofulfil.Thatis,insteadofthesourcetextandthe

sourcetextrecipients,itistheaimoftranslationandtargettextrecipientsthatdeterminethetranslationstrategies.Therefore,comparedwiththepurposeoftranslation,itisregardedthatthefaithfulnesstothesourcetextisnotthatimportant.Sinceteleologywasputforward,manyscholarshavestudieditonthe

level

of

theory.HuZuoyou(2008)believesthatfunctionaltranslationtheorybreaksawayfromtherestrictionofequivalence-basedtheories,thelimitationoflinguisticviewofwordsandsentences,andthebinaryoppositionmodebetweentraditionalliteraltranslationandfreetranslation.Asabranchofthefunctionaltranslationschool,skopostheoryisawidelyusedtranslationtheory,whichemphasizestheimportanceofthetranslatorandputsthetranslationpurposeofthetextinthefirstplace.YangYujie(2008)pointedoutthatskopostheoryimprovesthesubjectstatusoftranslatorswhoplaysancrucialroleinthewholeprocessoftranslation.ZhangJinlan(2004)thinksthattranslationmethodsmustbedeterminedbytheintendedpurposeorfunctionofthetranslation.Fanxiangtao's(2002)pointofviewisthattranslationbehaviorisaffectedbyvariouslevelsofpurposeandmanyexternalfactors,sotranslatorsneedtoconsiderthepurposeoftheirtranslationactivitiesinordertoachievetheidealeffect.Bothofthemprovidetheoreticalsupportforthefeasibilityofskopostheory.ChenJing(2016)indicatesthatonlywhentranslatorscorrectlyunderstandthemeaningofthesourcelanguageanditsculturalcontentandfollowthelawofloyaltyandcoherenceinskopostheory,cantheyeffectivelyrealizethepurposeoftranslationandachievethepurposeofspreadingculture.2.2StudiesofapplicationofskopostheoryAsforthestudiesofapplicationofskopostheory,theresearchtopicsarewideandthecontentsarediverse.Withregardtosubwaystationsnames,LYULiangqiuandLYUShang(2019)believethatsubwaystationsnamescontaintheuniqueculturalconnotationineverycity.Therefore,translatorsshouldpayattentiontotheculturalcommunicationwhentranslating.Moreover,thetranslationofsubwaystationsnamesisabletoaffecttheunderstandingofforeignersandtheinternationalimageofthecity.ThetwoacademicstakeBeijingasanexample,retranslatingsubwaystationsnamesandfindthatthecoherenceofthetargetlanguageisimportantforforeignerstocomprehend,andmostsubwaystationsnamesaretranslatedinpinyinandcapitalized,thesetwocharacteristicsfollowthecoherenceruleandloyaltyruleofskopostheory.Intermsofsubtitletranslation,XuXiaopeng(2018)deemsthegoalofsubtitletranslationistoenabletheaudiencetobetterappreciateforeignfilms,understandforeigncontentsandexperiencetheircultureswhichisbasicallyconsistentwiththeviewpointsofskopostheory.Therefore,theprinciplesofskopostheorycanbeusedtoselectappropriatesubtitletranslationmethods.ZhuYanfen(2017)appliesskopostheorytoanalyzethetranslationpracticeofpoliticalnews,andthinksthatspecificmethodsshouldbeusedtotranslatethiskindofnews,becausethenewsistimely,concise,objectiveandreal,accurate,andpoliticallycorrect.Thetargettextmustbeunderstandabletotargetreadersfromdifferenteducationallevels,soskopostheoryhastheoreticalandpracticalsignificancesforthetranslationofpoliticalnewstexts.In2016,YouXiaominindicatesthatifChinesemythologycanbetranslatedintoplainlanguageforforeignerstoread,thentheprofoundChineseculturewillbeknownbymorepeople.Therefore,communicativepurposeisthekeytothetranslationofthiskindoftext,andthemostimportantofthethreerulesofskopostheoryistheskoposrule,soitisappropriatetouseskopostheorytoguidethetranslationofChinesemythology.InWangWeifeng’s(2015)opinion,Chinese-Englishtourismtranslationisaprocessofconstantlyreconcilingthesourcelanguagecultureandtargetlanguagecultureorientedbytargettourists,whichishighlypractical.Skopostheoryisacategoryoffunctionallinguistics,whichemphasizestherealizationoftranslationpurposesandcoincideswithpracticaltranslation.Therefore,theapplicationofskopostheoryisapplicabletothetranslationofChinese-Englishtourismtexts.Inregardtoproductpromotionandsalesofthecompany,In2014,SunXueyingandFengQinghuaproposedthatenterpriseheraldedtranslationshouldmakeexistingcustomersandpotentialcustomers,therecipientsofthetranslatedtext,promptlyandaccuratelygettheinformationandunderstandtheenterpriseanditsproducts,soastoachievethefunctionoftextinformationandvocativefunction,arousethepotentialcustomers’buyingdesireandbringconsiderableeconomicbenefitstothecompany.Skopostheorycanbeappliednotonlytotexttranslationbutalsotointerpretation.XieYimingandWangBinghua(2011)believethatonthebasisofrealizingtheskoposrule,thecoherencebetweenthetargettextandtheaudienceandbetweenthetargettextandtheoriginaltextcanbeselectivelymaintainedorbroken.AlthoughChinese-Englishinterpretationindiplomaticpressconferenceshavestrictrequirementsintermsofcontent,wording,style,etc.,translatorsoftenfollowtheprincipleofloyaltyandviolatetheprincipleofcoherenceonthepremiseofensuringthattheaudiencesclearlyunderstandtheinformationofthespeakerwhenthereisaconflictbetweenthesetwoprinciples.Thisconfirmsthethreeprinciplesofskopostheory.Italsoclarifiesthecommonmisunderstandingthatliteraltranslationisoftenadoptedindiplomaticinterpretation.Onthelevelofadvertising

translation.ZhangWenjuan(2004)believesthatskopostheoryprovidedatheoreticalbasisfortranslatorstoflexiblytranslateadvertisements,madethetranslationeffectbetterthantheoriginal,andguidedtheselectionofadvertisingtranslationmethodsandstrategies.Itcanbeseenfromtheabovethatitisnecessarytoapplythistheoryinpractice.2.3Summary Theresearchesofskopostheoryhavebeenwidelycarriedoutintherecentyears.Manyscholarshavemadeextensiveandprofoundstudiesonthissubject.Inpracticalapplicationofskopostheory,thestudiesmentionedabovearebasedonthedevelopmentofenterprises'externalpublicity,buttherearefewstudiesontheinternalinformationexchangeandmanagementstandardsoftransnationalenterprises.Therefore,basedonthethreerulesofskopostheory–theskoposrule,coherenceruleandloyaltyrule--thispaperwilldiscussthestrategiesofChinese-EnglishtranslationoftheMarriotternshipTraineeGuideBook,andexpandthestudyonthepracticalapplicationofskopostheory,hopingtocontributetothedevelopmentofappliedtranslationresearch.3TheoreticalFramework3.1BasicideasoftheskopostheorySkopostheoryisafunction-orientedtranslationtheoryproposedbyHansVermeerinGermanyinthe1970s.He(1978)pointsoutthatanytranslationactisaccompaniedbyitspurpose.Healsoproposedthreerulesthattranslationmustabideby:theruleofskopos,theruleofcoherenceandtheruleofloyalty.Theruleofskoposholdsthattheselectionoftranslationmethodsmustcomplywiththeintendedpurposeofthetranslation.Theruleofcoherencepointsoutthatthetranslationshouldbereadableandacceptable.Theruleofloyaltywasalsoemphasized,thatis,thereshouldbeinter-lingualcoherencebetweentheoriginaltextandthetranslatedtext.However,thefirstprincipletobefollowedinalltranslationactivitiesistheruleofskopos,towhichtheruleofcoherenceandtheruleofloyaltymustbesubordinated.Inotherwords,thepurposeoftranslationdeterminesthetranslationbehavior.Vermeer(1989)believesthatanyformoftranslationbehavior,eventhetranslationitself,canberegardedasakindofbehavior,andanybehaviorhasathemeandpurpose.Theultimatepurposeoftranslationisthetranslatedarticle,andtheformoftranslationisnottocopytheoriginalmode.Healsomentionedtwoconsecutivecriteriainhisskopostheory:Thefirstisintratextualcoherence,thatis,thetargettextmustbeunderstoodandacceptedbythetargetreadersandhasmeaninginthecommunicativeenvironmentofthetargetlanguage;Theotherisintertextualcoherence,thatis,theversionshouldbefaithfultotheoriginalarticle,andthedegreeoffaithfulnessdependsonthecommunicativepurposeofthetranslation.Also,threeprinciplesarepresentedinskopostheory,theyareskoposrule,coherenceruleandloyaltyrulewhichwillbeanalyzedinthefollowingpart.3.2Threerulesofskopostheory3.2.1skoposruleSkoposrule,alsoknownas“purposeprinciple”,isthemostimportantruleofthethree,includingthepurposeofthetranslator,communicativepurposeoftargettextandpurposeofcertainstrategiesused.Itpaysmoreattentiontothetargetreaderandthefunctionoftranslatedtext.Itholdsthattheintentionoftranslationbehaviordeterminesthewholeprocessoftranslation.Accordingtothisrule,thetranslatorshouldfigureoutthepurposeofthetranslatedtextandthenadoptappropriatetacticsaccordingly.Itishelpfultosolvesuchproblemsasliteraltranslationandfreetranslation,formalequivalenceanddynamicequivalenceandfaithfultranslationandflexibletranslation.3.2.2coherencerulePrincipleofcoherencemeansthatthetargettextshouldbereadableandacceptabletoachieveintratextualcoherence(Zhang&Wang,2005,p.41).Inotherwords,thecoherenceruleshouldconnecttotargetreaders’backgroundknowledgeandactualsituations,andprovidescertainannotationsforthemtocomprehend.Thecoherenceruleisagoodcomplementtotheskoposrule.3.2.3loyaltyruleLoyaltyrule,alsocalledfidelityrule,emphasizesthatthetargettextshouldbefaithfultothesourcetext,butthedegreeofthefaithfulnessdependsonthepurposeofthetargettextandthetranslator’sunderstandingofthesourcetext.Itisknownthat“fromtheverybeginning,thattranslationalactionisnotonlyalinguisticbutalsoaculturaltransfer”(Reiss&Vermeer,2014,p.3).Therefore,thetranslatordonothavetocompletelyfaithfultotheoriginaltext.3.3TheapplicationofskopostheoryintranslationpracticeSkopostheoryprovidestheoreticalsupportfortranslatorstocreatenewtargettextstoacertainextent.Itsolvedtheproblemsthatothertranslationtheorieshavefailedtosolve,broadenedthefieldoftranslationstudies,endowedtranslationwithmoremeaningsandopenedupanewexplorationpathinwesterntranslationworldwherelinguisticschoolisthemainstream.Accordingtothepurposeofthetranslationandthecriterionofthetargetculture,someelementsintheoriginaltextcanberetained,andsomecanbeadjustedorevendeletedorrewrittenaccordingtothecontextofthetargetlanguage.Whattokeep,whattochange,howmuchtokeep,howmuchtochange,alldependonthepurposeofthetranslationandthetranslator’scomprehensionofthesourcetext.Asmanyscholarshavepointedout,thismethodhasbeensuccessfullyappliedinpractice.Skopostheorycanbeappliedinthetranslationofnon-literarytexts,suchasadvertisementsforthepurposeofinfectionandtourismpublicitymaterials.Thepurposeofadvertisingistopromotesalesandincreaseprofits,andthepurposeoftourismpublicitymaterialsistoarouseinterestsofforeigntouristsinvisiting.Asthelanguageandpatternofsuchtextsarerestrictedbyspecificculture,thetranslatorshouldadapttothelinguisticnormsofthetargetlanguageaccordingtothepurposeofthetranslation,andmodifytheoriginaltextbymeansofdeletionandmodificationintheprocessoftranslation,soastoinfluencetargetreaders.Inthispaper,wewillapplytheskopostheorytotheanalysisofC-Etranslationofatraineeguidebook.3.4Failuretoobserveskopostheory3.4.1ViolationofskoposruleTheskoposrulerequiresthetranslatortodeterminethecommunicativepurposeofthetranslationbeforetranslating.Ifthetranslatordoesnottakethisaspectintoconsideration,itwillbedifficultforhim/hertograspthekeypointsofthesourcetextwhentranslating,anditiseasyforhim/hertotranslatetheoriginaltextmechanically,andthetargetextwillbehardforthereaderstounderstand.3.4.2ViolationofcoherenceruleWhenthetranslatorviolatestheprincipleofcoherenceintranslation,thatis,failstoconsidertheculturalbackgroundandlanguagehabitsofthetargetreaders,thetargettextispronetosentenceobstruction,confusionintheorderofverbs,adjectivesandnouns,andambiguity.Thesewillmakereadersdoubtthetranslationlevelofthetranslatorandtheauthenticityofthetranslatedtext.3.4.3ViolationofloyaltyruleIfthetranslatorcomplieswiththeprincipleofpurposeandcoherence,butviolatestheprincipleoffidelity,thetranslatedworkswillhaveahugedeviationfromtheoriginal.Insteadoftranslating,thetranslatorcreatesanewworkinanotherlanguagebasedontheoriginal.Inthiscase,thereisnoso-calledtranslationbehavior,whichcannotachievethepurposeofculturalcommunicationorinformationtransmission,becausethetranslationisnolongeranaccessoryoftheoriginaltext.3.5SummaryTheskopostheoryiswidelyusedintranslationpracticeanditsthreerulesareimportantintheprocessoftranslation.Thefundamentalrulethatdeterminesthetranslationprocessisthepurposeofthewholetranslationbehavior.Anytextisonlyaproviderofinformation,thetranslatorselectsinformationthatinterestshim/heraccordingtoskopostheory,andthenconvertsitintotargetlanguagethroughlanguageprocessing.Inthisprocess,thetranslatorshouldfirstlyfollowthecoherencerule.Sincethetranslationbehaviorprovidesinformationtotargetreadersthroughinformationprocessing,thetargettextshouldbefaithfultothesourcetext,andthetranslatorshouldfollowtheprincipleofloyalty.Thestatusofthreerulesisunequalsincecoherenceruleandloyaltyrulearesubordinatetoskoposrule,andcoherenceruleistheleastimportantamongthethreeprinciples.4.AnalysisandFindings4.1FailuretoobserveskoposruleInthelightofskopostheory,textswithdifferentpurposesdeterminethetranslationtechniquesusedinthetargettext.Onlywhenthetranslatorcarriesoutthetranslationwithacertainpurposecanthetargetreadersunderstandtheinformationconveyedbythesourcetext.Sincethisguidebookisdesignedtobereadbyemployeesforpre-jobtraining,thepurposeofthewholetranslationprocessshouldbetogetemployeestounderstandthecompany'sgooddevelopmentprospectsandtheiropportunitiesforpromotionwhilereading.Example(1)Alwaysaskforhonestfeedbackfromyourcolleaguesandsupervisor.You’reinaninternshiptolearn;askingotherstoofferadviceonyourdevelopmentpointswillhelpyoutoimprove.——————总是向你的同事和主管征询最诚实的反馈。你在实习期内的主要任务是学习；从他人那里得到的对你发展的建议可以帮助你进步。Thissentenceappearsinthesection"TipsForSuccess".Thepurposeistogivesomeworkingadvicetointernswhoarejustenteringthesociety.Whentranslatingthelastsentence,thetranslatorfollowsthestructureoftheoriginalone,whichgreatlyweakensthetranslationeffect,andreaderswilllosefocuswhenreading,sothesentenceshouldnotbetranslatedintoChinesewordbyword.Theeffectwillbebettertoconcentrateontranslatingsuchkeywordsas“advice”,“developmentpoints”and“improve”.Therefore,underthedirectionofskoposrule,thefollowingwillbebetter:“总是向你的同事和主管征询最诚实的反馈。你在实习期内的主要任务是学习；在工作中积极听取别人对你的评价和建议，能够帮助你取得进步并获得更好的发展”.Example(2)Itoffersresourcesandopportunitiesforourassociatestolivebestlives.——————它提供了许多资源和方式，帮助我们的员工去懂得该如何生活的更好。“It”referstotheprogram“TakeCare&Go.Be.Happy”proposedbyMarriotttotakegoodcareofemployees,makethemworkandlivehappilyandsatisfactorilyinMarriottInternational.However,thismessageisnotconveyedthroughthetargettext.Thepurposeofthesourcetextcanbebetterexpressedasfollows:“关爱”为我们员工提供了许多学习资源和机会，让我们活出最好的自己。Example(3)Marriott‘sreputationandcontinuedsuccessasaglobalhospitalityleaderaregroundedinourcommitmenttoserviceandbusinessintegrityandinourapplicationofconsistentlyhighstandardstoeverythingwedo.——————万豪作为全球酒店业领军企业的声誉和持续成功，其基础在于我们对服务和商业诚信的信守，在于我们在所做的每件事情中实施一贯的高标准。Asthefirstparagraphofthesection“BusinessConduct”,thepurposeofthissentenceistogivetargetreadersaroughideaofthesecrettothesuccess,butthetargettextdoesnotaccuratelyconveytheinformationofthesourcetext,itcanbetranslatedasbelow:万豪在全球酒店业领军企业中取得的声誉和持续的成功要归功于我们一贯以来的真诚服务和诚信经营和对每一件事情的高标准要求。4.2FailuretoobservecoherenceruleThecoherenceprinciplerequiresthetranslatortofollowthelinguisticnormsofthetargetlanguagewhentranslating.Whilefullyconveyingtheinformationofthesourcetext,thereaders'languagehabits,educationalbackgroundandacceptabilityofthetargettexts