雨课堂学堂在线学堂云Pathophysiology(山东大学)单元测试考核答案

第1题Themaindifferencebetweeninterstitialfluidandplasmais____?ATheproteinconcentrationishigherinplasmaBTheNa+concentrationishigherinplasmaCTheproteinconcentrationishigherininterstitialfluidDTheNa+concentrationishigherininterstitialfluidETheorganicacidconcentrationishigherinplasma第2题Thecharacteristicofhypovolemichyponatremiais____?ASerumNa+concentrationisincreased,thevolumeofextracellularfluidisdecreasedBSerumNa+concentrationisdecreased,thevolumeofextracellularfluidisincreasedCSerumNa+concentrationisdecreased,thevolumeofextracellularfluidisdecreasedDSerumNa+concentrationisdecreased,thevolumeofintracellularfluidisdecreasedESerumNa+concentrationisincreased,thevolumeofintracellularfluidisdecreased第3题Whichdisorderofwaterandsodiummetabolismmightresultincentralnervoussystem()symptomsintheearlystage?____?AHypotonicdehydrationBHypertonicdehydrationCIsotonicdehydrationDAcutewaterintoxicationEChronicwaterintoxication正确答案：CD第4题Hyperpyrexia(highfever),withprofusesweatingmightresultinwhichoneofthefollowingpathologicalprocesses?____?AHypovolemichypernatremiaBHypovolemichyponatremiaCHypervolemichyponatremiaDHypervolemichypernatremiaEIsovolemichyponatremia第5题Amansuffersfrompneumonia,accompaniedwithhyperpyrexia(体温升高),thirst,andurinaryconcentration.Hisurinarysodiumcontentishigh,andtheserumNa+concentrationismorethan150mmol/L.Thisisprobablyanexampleof____?AedemaBwaterintoxicationChypertonicdehydrationDisotonicdehydrationEhypotonicdehydration第6题Whichoneofthefollowingdisordersofwaterandsodiummetabolismmightresultincerebralhemorrhage?____?AHypertonicdehydrationBIsotonicdehydrationCHypotonicdehydrationDWaterintoxicationEEdema第1题Themaindifferencebetweeninterstitialfluidandplasmais____?ATheproteinconcentrationishigherinplasmaBTheNa+concentrationishigherinplasmaCTheproteinconcentrationishigherininterstitialfluidDTheNa+concentrationishigherininterstitialfluidETheorganicacidconcentrationishigherinplasma第2题Whichoneofthefollowingdisordersofwaterandsodiummetabolisminducesperipheralcirculatoryfailureeasily?()AHypertonicdehydrationBHypotonicdehydrationCIsotonicdehydrationDWaterintoxicationEEdema第3题Themaincharacteristicofbodyfluidchangeinhypovolemichyponatremiais()AIntracellularfluidisdecreasedBExtracellularfluidisdecreasedCBothintracellularandextracellularfluidaredecreasedDIntracellularfluidisdecreased,extracellularfluidisincreasedEIntracellularfluidlossisidenticaltoextracellularfluidloss第4题Themostcommoncauseofhypotonicdehydrationis()AExcessivelossofdigestivejuicesBBodyfluidlossthroughtheskinCAscitesformationDOnlywatertoreplacethelossesofwaterandsodiumEExcessivelossofblood第5题Whichofthefollowingaretrueabouthypotonicdehydration?()AThirstinearlystageBExtracellularfluidlossobviouslyCPeripheralcirculatoryfailureinearlystageDOliguriaandincreasedurinespecificgravityinearlystageEInducedbyinappropriatesolutionadministration正确答案：BCE第6题Whichsymptomslistedbelowwillbeseenintheearlystageofhypotonicdehydration?()AThirstBDecreasedskinturgorCHypotensionDTachycardiaEOliguria正确答案：BCD第7题Whichofthefollowingstatementsaretrueaboutisotonicdehydration?()AWaterlossisproportionaltosaltlossBSerumsodiumconcentrationis130~150mmol/LCPlasmaosmoticpressureis280~310mmol/LDBloodvolumeisdecreasedESimpleisotonicdehydrationisnotcommonintheclinic正确答案：ABCDEEdema第1题Whichoneofthefollowingstatementsistrueaboutedema?()AThereisaccumulationofexcessivewaterinthebodyBThereisaccumulationofexcessivebodyfluidinthecellCThereisaccumulationofexcessivebodyfluidinthebloodvesselDThereisaccumulationofexcessivebodyfluidinthetissuespaceEThereisaccumulationofexcessivebodyfluidinthelymphaticvessel第2题Bloodvesselcompressedbyatumorwouldinducewhichoneofthefollowing?()ACapillaryhydrostaticpressureisincreasedBPlasmacolloidosmoticpressureisdecreasedCCapillarypermeabilityisincreasedDLymphaticreturnisobstructedESodiumandwateraremaintainedinthebody第3题Thebasicmechanisminducingretentionofsodiumandwateris()ACapillaryhydrostaticpressureisincreasedBPlasmacolloidosmoticpressureisdecreasedCCapillarypermeabilityisincreasedDLymphaticreturnisobstructedEThereisaglomerular-tubularimbalance正确答案：E第4题Whichoneofthefollowingisthemainmechanismforlocaledemainapersonbittenbyaninsect?()ACapillaryhydrostaticpressureisincreasedBPlasmacolloidosmoticpressureisdecreasedCCapillarypermeabilityisincreasedDLymphaticreturnisdecreasedEPlasmacrystalosmoticpressureisdecreased第5题Thepredominantharmfuleffectinacutewaterintoxicationis()ACerebraledemaandintracranialhypertensionBPulmonaryedemaCAcutehypertensionDHemodilutionandanaemiaEAcuteheartfailure第6题Inwaterintoxication,whichoneofthefollowingiscorrect?()AThevolumeofintracellularandextracellularfluidisincreased,andosmoticpressureishighBThevolumeofintracellularandextracellularfluidisincreased,andosmoticpressureislowCThevolumeofintracellularandextracellularfluidisdecreased,andosmoticpressureishighDThevolumeofintracellularandextracellularfluidisdecreased,andosmoticpressureislowEThevolumeofintracellularandextracellularfluidisincreased,andosmoticpressureisidenticalHypokalemia第1题Foreffectsofhypokalemiaonthecardiacmuscle,whichofthefollowingisNOTcorrect

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AExcitabilityisincreasedBContractilefunctionisconstantlyincreasedCConductivityisreducedDMaycausenecrosis(坏死)ofthemusclecellECancausecardiacarrhythmia第2题Themechanismsbywhichdiarrhealeadstohypokalemiamayinvolve(

)AIncreasedinsulinsecretionBDecreasedK+absorptioninthesmallintestineCReducedaldosteronesecretionDIncreasedhydrocortisonesecretionEIncreasedglucocorticoidsecretion第3题Theexcitabilityofskeletalmusclesmaybereducedinhypokalemia.Thereasonisthat(

)ARestingpotentialbecomeslessnegative,andtheNa+channelisinactive.BRestingpotentialbecomesmorenegative,thedifferencebetweenrestingpotentialandthresholdpotentialincreases.CRestingpotentialelevates,thedifferencebetweenrestingpotentialandthresholdpotentialincreases.DRestingpotentialbecomeslessnegative,thedifferencebetweenrestingpotentialandthresholdpotentialdecreases.ERestingpotentialelevates,andtheeffectofthemembranebarrierbecomesgreater.Hyperkalemia第1题WhichconditionwillNOTcausehyperkalemia?

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AIntravascularhemolysisBMetabolicalkalosisCDiabeticketoacidosisDRenalfailureESeverecrashinjury第2题Massiveinjuryofskeletalmusclescausedbyseveretraumacanfrequentlyresultin()

AHypomagnesemiaBHyperkalemiaCHypokalemiaDHypernatremiaEHyponatremia第3题Inhyperkalemia,whichofthefollowingbestdescribestheelectro-physiologicalchangesofthecardiacmusclecells()AIrritability(兴奋性)↓--↑conductivity(传导性)↑automaticity(自律性)↑contractility(收缩性)↑BIrritability(兴奋性)↑conductivity(传导性)↓automaticity(自律性)↑contractility(收缩性)↑CIrritability(兴奋性)↓conductivity(传导性)↓automaticity(自律性)↓contractility(收缩性)↓DIrritability(兴奋性)↑--↓conductivity(传导性)↓automaticity(自律性)↓contractility(收缩性)↓EIrritability(兴奋性)↑--↓conductivity(传导性)↑automaticity(自律性)↑contractility(收缩性)↑第4题WhichofthefollowingconditionscauseK+tomoveoutofcells?()AAcidosisBInjectionofinsulinintoindividualswithdiabetesmellitusCUseofβ-receptorantagonistsDUseofα-receptoragonistsEInjectionofNaCO3intoindividuals正确答案：ACDEMetabolicacidosis(I)第1题UnderwhichsituationofthefollowingscouldpHvalueofarterialbloodbeinanormalrange?(_)?AAcombinationofmetabolicacidosisandmetabolicalkalosisBThere'snoacid-basedisorder.CInacompensatedphaseofsimpleacid-basedisorderDAcombinationofmetabolicacidosisandrespiratoryacidosisEAcombinationofmetabolicalkalosisandrespiratoryalkalosis正确答案：ABC第2题WhichofthefollowingcanoccurwhenPaCO2ishigherthanthenormallevel?(_)?APrimarymetabolicacidosisBCompensatedmetabolicalkalosisCPrimaryrespiratoryacidosisDPrimaryrespiratoryalkalosisECompensatedrespiratoryalkalosis正确答案：BCMetabolicacidosis(II)第1题WhichofthefollowingcanleadtometabolicacidosiswithanincreasedAG?()AAspirinpoisoningBDiabetesCRenaltubularacidosis(RTA)DCarbonmonoxide(CO)poisoningEEthanol(alcohol)poisoning正确答案：ABDE第2题Theresultsofbloodgasanalysisonthearterialbloodfromanindividualwithpyelonephritisare:pH7.32,PaCO234mmHg,SB18mmol/L.Whichofthefollowingmayhaveoccurred?(

)AMetabolicacidosisBRespiratoryacidosisCMetabolicalkalosisDRespiratoryalkalosisENormalstateofacid-basebalance第3题5mmol/L.Whatdiagnosisofthefollowingshouldbemade?()AMetabolicacidosiswithanormalAGBMetabolicacidosiswithanincreasedAGCMetabolicacidosiswithanincreasedAGplusmetabolicalkalosisDMetabolicacidosiswithanormalAGplusmetabolicalkalosisENormalstateofacid-basebalance第4题Whichofthefollowingisthemostimportantmechanismofcompensationinacutemetabolicacidosis?

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ARegulationofbloodbuffersystemBRegulationofintracellularbuffersystemCPulmonarycompensationDRenalcompensationEDissolutionofbonephosphateMetabolicalkalosis第1题Anindividualwithpepticulcerdiseasecomplicatedbypyloricobstructionwasadmittedtothehospitalbecauseofrepeatedvomiting.Theresultsofbloodgasanalysiswereasfollows:pH7.49,PaCO248mmHg,[HCO3-

]36mmol/L.Whichofthefollowingsituationsoccurredforthepatient?()AMetabolicacidosisBMetabolicalkalosisCRespiratoryacidosisDRespiratoryalkalosisENormalstateofacid-basebalanceRespiratoryacidosisandrespiratoryalkalosis第1题Whichofthefollowingwillnotcauserespiratoryacidosis?

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ATraveltoahighaltitudeareaaround4500mBInhibitionoftherespiratorycentreCRespiratorymuscleparalysisDRespiratorytractobstructionESeverepneumothorax第2题WhichofthefollowingcanleadtoincreasesofbothABandSB?()AAcuterespiratoryacidosisBChronicrespiratoryacidosisCAcuterespiratoryalkalosisDChronicrespiratoryalkalosisEAcutemetabolicacidosis第3题Theresultsofbloodgasanalysisonthearterialbloodfromanindividualwhowasjustrescuedfromdrowning(溺水)are:pH7.20,PaCO280mmHg,[HCO3-]27mmol/L.Whatdiagnosisshouldbemade()AMetabolicacidosisBMetabolicalkalosisCAcuterespiratoryacidosisDChronicrespiratoryacidosisEMixedacidosis第4题Whichofthefollowingismostlikelytooccurifbothactualbicarbonate()andstandardbicarbonate()arehigherthanthenormalvalues,andwithhigherABthanSB?()AMetabolicacidosiswithanormalAGBMetabolicacidosiswithanincreasedAGCRespiratoryacidosisDRespiratoryalkalosisEMixedalkalosis正确答案：ABC第5题Anindividualwithpulmonaryheartdiseaseisadmittedtothehospital,complainingofcoughandexpectoration(咳痰)aftercatchingacold.Theresultsofarterialbloodgasanalysisandelectrolytedetectionshow:pH7.25,PaCO285.8mmHg,[HCO3-]15.8mmol/L,[Na+]140mmol/L,[Cl-]92mmol/L.Whatdiagnosiscanbemade?()ARespiratoryacidosiscomplicatedbymetabolicalkalosisBMetabolicacidosiscomplicatedbymetabolicalkalosisCRespiratoryacidosiscomplicatedbymetabolicacidosisDRespiratoryalkalosiscomplicatedbymetabolicalkalosisERespiratoryalkalosiscomplicatedbymetabolicacidosis2.HypotonicHypoxia第1题Thepatientswithchronicbronchitisareinclinedtosufferfrom()AAtmospherichypoxiaBHemichypoxiaCHypotonichypoxiaDIsotonichypoxiaEHistogenousehypoxia第2题Whichoneofthefollowingdiseasescauseshypoxiawithoutcyanosis?()ATetralogyofFallotBCyanidepoisoningCVenousadmixtureDHeartfailureERespiratoryfailure第3题Inapatient'slaboratorytest,theresultsshowedCO2maxof20m1/dl,CaO2of15m1/dl,PaO2of50mmHgandCa-VO2of4m1/dl.Thishypoxiabelongsto()AHypotonichypoxiaBHemichypoxiaCCirculatoryhypoxiaDHistogenoushypoxiaEMixedhypoxia第4题Duringacutehypoxia,whatisthemainmechanismofpulmonaryhypertension?()AIncreaseofrightcardiacoutputBContractionofsmallpulmonaryarteryCLeftcardiacinsufficiencyDCongestionofsmallpulmonaryveinEIncreaseofpulmonarybloodflow第5题Thecauseoftheenterogenouscyanosisis()ACarbonmonoxide(CO)poisoningBKCNpoisoningCNaNO2poisoningDNH4CNpoisoningEAnemia第6题Foramountaineerat4000metersabovesealevel,themaincauseofhypoxiais()ADeclineofPO2ininspiredairBLowgasexchangeinlungsCDeclineofpulmonarybloodflowDDeclineofoxygencarryingcapacityofbloodEDeclineoftissuebloodflow第7题Inhypoxiabecauseofvenous-to-arterialshunts,thechangeofbloodoxygenparametersis()ADecreaseofPO2inpulmonaryveinsBIncreaseofPO2inpulmonaryarteriesCDecreaseofPO2insystemicarteriesDIncreaseofPO2insystemicveinsEIncreaseofCa-vO2第8题Inhypoxiacausedbyrespiratoryinsufficiency,thediagnosticchangeinthearterialbloodis()ADecreasedCaO2maxBDecreasedPaO2CIncreasedCaO2DIncreasedSaO2EO2dissociationcurveshifttotheleftHemicHypoxia,CirculatoryHypoxiaandHistogenousHypoxia第1题Ca-vO2,thetypeofhypoxiawouldbe()ACirculatoryhypoxiaBHistogenoushypoxiaCAnemiahypoxiaDHypotonichypoxiaEHemichypoxia第2题Ifallparameters,includingPaO2,SO2,CaO2,CaO2maxarenormalexceptanincreaseinCa-vO2,thetypeofhypoxiawouldbe()ACirculatoryhypoxiaBHistogenoushypoxiaCAnemiahypoxiaDHypotonichypoxiaEHemichypoxia第3题Thecolorofapatient'sskinandmucousmembranesincarbonmonoxidepoisoningisusually()ACoffeebrownBRosypinkCPaleDCherryredECyanosis第4题Whichofthefollowingdescriptionofcarbonmonoxidepoisoningaretrue?

ACOreactswithHbtoformCOHbandCOHbcannottakeupO2.BCOinhibitsglycolysisinRBCandcausesa2，3-DPGdecrease,whichshiftstheoxygendissociationcurvetotheleft.CInhaling0.1%ofCOcancause50%ofHbtocombinewithCOtoformCOHb.

DCOpoisoningslowsdownthedissolvingrateofHbO2.ETheskinandmucousmembranearecherry-red.

正确答案：ABCDEAlterationofmetabolismandfunctionofhypoxia第1题Oxygentherapyismosteffectiveinhypoxiacausedby()APulmonaryedemaBHemorrhagicshockCAnemiaDCyanidepoisoningENitritepoisoning第2题Whichofthefollowingchangesoccurincellsdamagedbyseverehypoxia?()ATheconcentrationofintracellularNa+increasesBTheconcentrationofintracellularCa2+decreasesCTheconcentrationofintracellularK+increasesDTheconcentrationofextracellularH+decreasesETheconcentrationofintracellularNa+decreases第3题Thebody'smajorcompensatoryresponseinacutehypotonichypoxiais()AHeartrateincreasesBMyocardialcontractilityincreasesCAlveolarventilationincreasesDCerebralbloodflowincreasesEAbdominalviscerabloodflowdecreases第4题Theeffectofacutehypoxiaonbloodvesselsis()ACoronaryandcerebralvasoconstrictionwhereaspulmonaryvasodilationBCoronaryandpulmonaryvasodilationwhereascerebralvasoconstriction.CCoronary,pulmonaryandcerebralvasodilation.DCoronaryandcerebralvasodilationwhereaspulmonaryvasoconstriction.ECoronaryandpulmonaryvasoconstrictionwhereascerebralvasodilation.第5题Whichofthefollowingcauseshypoxiawithouttheappearanceofcyanosis?()ARespiratoryfailureBHeartfailureCCyanidepoisoningDNitritepoisoningELowPO2ofinspiredairFever第1题Duringfever,the“setpoint”()Awillbeup-shiftandthebodytemperaturewillbeelevatedinitiatively.Bwillbedownwardshiftandthebodytemperaturewillbeelevatedinitiatively.Cwillbeup-shiftandthebodytemperaturewillbeelevatedpassively.Dwillbedownwardshiftandthebodytemperaturewillbeelevatedpassively.Ewillnotchangeandthebodytemperaturewillbeelevatedinitiatively.第2题Underwhatcircumstances,theelevationofbodytemperaturebelongstofever?()ABeforemenstruationBGestationCAfterstrenuousexerciseDHeatstrokeEInfluenza正确答案：DE第3题Whichoneofthefollowingbelongstopyrogenicactivators?()ALeukocytepyrogenBInterferonCTumornecrosisfactorDMacrophageinflammatoryprotein-1EEndotoxin正确答案：E第4题Duringthefervescencestage,thecharacteristicsofmetabolisminclude()ADecreaseofthermolysis,increaseofthermogenesisandelevationofbodytemperatureBDecreaseofthermogenesis,increaseofthermolysisandelevationofbodytemperatureCDecreaseofthermolysis,increaseofthermogenesisandmaintenanceofbodytemperatureatahighlevelDBalancebetweenthermogenesisandthermolysisandmaintenanceofbodytemperatureatahighlevelEDecreaseofthermogenesis,increaseofthermolysisandfallofbodytemperature第5题Duringthedefervescencestage,thecharacteristicsofmetabolisminclude()ADecreaseofthermolysis,increaseofthermogenesisandelevationofbodytemperatureBDecreaseofthermogenesis,increaseofthermolysisandelevationofbodytemperatureCDecreaseofthermolysis,increaseofthermogenesisandmaintenanceofbodytemperatureatahighlevelDBalancebetweenthermogenesisandthermolysisandmaintenanceofbodytemperatureatahighlevelEDecreaseofthermogenesis,increaseofthermolysisandfallofbodytemperature正确答案：E第6题Asforapatientwithhyperpyrexia,whichoneofthefollowingsiseasytooccur?()AWaterintoxicationBEdemaCHypotonicdehydrationDIsotonicdehydrationEHypertonicdehydration正确答案：E第7题Duringthepersistentfebrilestage,()ABloodtemperatureishigherthanthelevelof“setpoint”andbodytemperatureelevatesconstantly.BBloodtemperatureislowerthanthelevelof“setpoint”andbodytemperatureelevatesconstantly.CTheheatproductionbalancestheheatlosstomaintainthetemperatureattheelevatedlevel.DBloodtemperatureishigherthanthelevelof“setpoint”andbodytemperaturedescendsthen.EBloodtemperatureislowerthanthelevelof“setpoint”andbodytemperaturedescendsthen.Overviewofrespiratoryfailure第1题Whichofthefollowingdescriptionsisnotrightabouttherespiratoryfailure?()ARespiratoryfailureisdividedintohypoxemic(typeⅠ)andhypercapnic(typeⅡ)respiratoryfailureBRespiratoryfailureisapathologicalprocess,inwhichtheinternalrespiratorydysfunctionleadstoanabnormaldecreaseofarterialpartialpressureofoxygenwithorwithouthypercapniaCThebloodgascriterionforthediagnosisofrespiratoryfailureatsealevelisthePaO2<60mmHg(8.0kPa),withorwithoutPaCO2>50mmHg\(6.67kPa)DAccordingtothepathogenesis,respiratoryfailurecouldbecategorizedintoventilationdisorderandgasexchangedisorderEPatientswithrespiratoryfailuremusthavelowPaO2,whichmaybenotaccompaniedbyahighPaCO2第2题Respiratoryinsufficiencyis()AThepathologicalprocessofPaO2<60mmHg(8.0kPa)BThedecreaseofdischargeofCO2CThelowoxygenpartialpressureofinspiredairandthedecreaseofdischargeofCO2DApathologicalprocesscausedbytheexternalrespiratorydysfunctionEApathologicalprocesscausedbytheinternalrespiratorydysfunction第3题Thepathogenesisofrespiratoryfailureincludes()AImpairedventilationBIncreasedlungtrueshuntCVentilationandperfusionimbalanceDImpaireddiffusionEImpairedoxygenutilizationoftissues正确答案：ABCDPulmonaryVentilationDisturbance第1题Themaincauseofrestrictivehypoventilationis()ADysfunctionofrespiratorymusclesBDecreaseinthesurfaceareaofalveolarmembrane,andincreaseinthethicknessofalveolarmembraneCIncreaseinthethicknessandstenosisofairwaywallDVentilation-perfusionimbalanceETheexternalairwayobstruction第2题Obstructivehypoventilationisdueto()AIncreaseofnon-elasticresistanceBDecreasedcomplianceoflungsCThedilationorinflationofalveoliisrestrictedDDecreaseofalveolarsurfactantEDecreasedcomplianceofchestwall第3题Thefeatureofbloodgasalterationinrespiratoryfailureresultingfromnarcoticoverdoseis()AIncreasedPaCO2BThedecreaseofPaO2ismoreprominentthantheincreaseofPaCO2CThedecreaseofPaO2isaccompaniedbyaproportionalincreaseofPaCO2DTheincreaseofPaCO2ismoreprominentthanthedecreaseofPaO2EDecreasedPaO2第4题Themainmechanismofexpiratorydyspnearesultingfromchronicobstructivepulmonarydisease()is()ACenterairwayobstructionBTheequalpressurepointbeingshiftedtolargeairwayCThepressureonintrathoracicairwaybeingincreasedDTheincreaseinthethicknessoftrachealwallEIncreaseinthesmallairwayresistance正确答案：CDE第5题Whichofthefollowingsituationscouldbecausedbyglotticparalysis?()AInspiratorydyspneaBExpiratorydyspneaCNodyspneaDParoxysmaldyspneaEBothinspiratorydyspneaandexpiratorydyspnea.第6题Inpulmonaryfibrosispatients,hypoxemiaoccursjustonexercise.Thisisdueto()AThedecreaseinthesurfaceareaofalveolarmembraneBTheincreaseinthethicknessofalveolarmembraneCThedecreaseinpartialpressuredifferencebetweenalveolarmembranesDTheshorteningofthedurationforthebloodtocontactalveolargasETheequalpressurepointbeingshiftedtosmallairway第7题Thefeatureofbloodgasalterationsofrespiratoryfailurecausedbyneuron-muscularparalysisis()ADecreasedPaO2,andincreasedPaCO2BDecreasedPaO2,anddecreasedPaCO2CDecreasedPaO2,andproportionallyincreasedPaCO2DDecreasedPaO2pluswithanormal,ordecreased,orincreasedPaCO2EBothPaO2andPaCO2maybenormal,decreased,orincreased(notdefinitive)PulmonaryGasExchangeDisturbance第1题Thefeatureofbloodgasalterationscausedbyventilationandperfusionimbalanceis()ADecreasedPaO2,andIncreasedPaCO2BDecreasedPaO2,anddecreasedPaCO2CDecreasedPaO2,andproportionallyincreasedPaCO2DDecreasedPaO2withanormalordecreased,orincreasedPaCO2EBothPaO2andPaCO2maybenotdefinitive.第2题Whichofthefollowingdescriptionsisnotrightaboutvenousadmixture?()AItcanbecalledfunctionalshunt,tooBItoccurswhenpartialalveolihavehypoventilation,buttheirbloodflowisnotdecreasedproportionallyCHealthypersonsalsohavevenousadmixtureDPulmonaryvesselsconstrictcanalsoresultinvenousadmixtureETheblood,asaresultofvenousadmixture,isnotarterializedcompletely,sothatitspartialpressureofoxygenisdecreased,andthepartialpressureofcarbondioxideisincreased.第3题Whichofthefollowingdescriptionsisnotrightaboutdeadspacelikeventilation?()AItmeanspartialalveolarhypoperfusionwithnormalventilationBProminentlyincreaseddeadspacelikeventilationcanresultinrespiratoryfailureCItcanbecausedbypulmonarydisseminatedintravascularcoagulationDDeadspacevolumeincludesanatomicdeadspaceandalveolardeadspaceEDeadspacelikeventilationofpartialalveolimakesthebloodflowoftheremainingalveoliincrease,whichresultsinthecharacteristicbloodgasalterationofdecreasedPaO2,andincreasedPaCO2正确答案：E第4题Whichofthefollowingdiseasescanmaketheratioofalveolarventilationtopulmonarybloodflowtomorethan0.8?()ASevereCOPDpatientsBLungedemaCPulmonaryembolismDChronicbronchitisEPulmonaryconsolidation第5题Whichofthefollowingisrightaboutthemeaningoftrueshunt?()ALocalalveolarhypoperfusionBLocalalveolarhypoventilationCBothalveolarhypoventilationandhypoperfusionDLocalalveolarhypoventilationwithnormalperfusionELocalalveolihavenoventilation,buttheirbloodflowexists正确答案：EAlterationofmetabolismandfunctionofrespiratoryfailure第1题Themostcommonacid-baseimbalancethatresultsfromrespiratoryfailureis()AMetabolicacidosisBRespiratoryacidosisCMetabolicalkalosisDRespiratoryalkalosisEMixedacid-basebalancedisorder正确答案：E第2题Themostcommonacid-baseimbalancethatresultsfromtypeⅠrespiratoryfailureis()ARespiratoryacidosisBMetabolicacidosisCRespiratoryalkalosisDMetabolicalkalosisEMixedacid-basebalancedisorder第3题Thereasonthatoxygenadministrationathighinspirationfractionisnotsuitableforrespiratoryfailureinsevereobstructiveemphysemapatientsisthat()AInthatcase,thepatientissusceptibletooxygenintoxicationBExpirationofCO2istooquickCTherespiratorycompensationmainlydependsonthestimulationofchemoreceptorbyhypoxiawhenPaCO2risetomorethan80mmHgDTheinhibitoryinfluenceofhypoxiaonrespiratorycenterismorethanitseffectofreflexexcitationETheexcitationofhypoxiaonchemoreceptorisobviouswhenPaO2descendstolessthan60mmHg第4题Themainmechanismofrespiratoryfailureaccompaniedbyrenalinsufficiencyis()ARespiratoryfailureisaccompaniedbydisseminatedintravascularcoagulationBHyperkalemiaoccursasaresultofacidosisCTherespiratoryfailurepatientissusceptibletoacuterenaltubularnecrosisDExcessiveconstrictionofrenalvesselsdecreasesthekidneybloodflowEHypoxiadirectlyimpairstherenalfunction第5题Themechanismsbywhichsomerespiratoryfailurepatientsdevelopgastriculcerandgastrichemorrhagemayinclude()AImpairedgastricmucosalbarrierBVasoconstrictionofgastricwallCWeakenedactivityofcarbonicanhydraseingastricparietalcellsDAnincreaseingastricacidsecretionERespiratoryfailureresultsinacomplicationofdisseminatedintravascularcoagulation.正确答案：ABDEMechanisms-1第1题Ammonia,whichcancausehepaticencephalopathy,mainlycomesfrom()AIntestinegermproducingammoniaBCatalyzingaminoacidtoproducingammoniabymusclesCCatalyzingaminoacidtoproducingammoniabybrainDKidneyproducingammoniaETransformfromNH4+第2题Whichofthefollowingisnotthemechanismofammoniaintoxication?()AInterferencewithcerebralenergymetabolismBInfluencingthesynthesisofneurotransmittersCDirectharmfuleffectontheneuronalmembraneDDecreasedlevelofglutamineEDecreasedlevelofglutamicacidandacetylcholine(Ach)第3题Whichofthefollowingisnotthemechanismofammoniaintoxication()AImpairmentofenergymetabolismofbrainBReductionofexcitativeneurotransmittersinCNSCIncreaseofinhibitiveneurotransmittersinCNSDIncreaseofcerebralsensitivityEInhibitionofnervecellmembraneexcitability第4题Insufficiencyoftheammoniaelimination,whichmaycausehepaticencephalopathy,ismainlydueto()ADisorderofcitricacidcycleBDisorderofglutamicacidproductionCDisorderofglutamineproductionDDisorderofornithinecycleETransformfromNH4+Mechanisms-2第1题Plasmabranchedchainaminoacid()decreaseinhepaticencephalopathyisdueto()AHyperinsulinemiaBHypoinsulinemiaCHyperglucago