药用高分子材料siRNA药物

第六章高分子纳米药物-siRNA药物病变组织的基因活性正常表达过度表达低表达小分子抑制剂?蛋白疗法?抑制剂:RNA干扰疗法,反义RNA,…下调上调增强表达:

质粒DNAViralVectorsEmulateDrug?

抗体:Bindprotein,butonlyextracellularepitopesLowthroughput,highcost反义RNA/核酶:Stopgeneexpression(production),mostproteinsChemicalstabilizationessentialBarriers:sequenceselection,potency,toxicities,…

RNA干扰:Stopgeneexpression(production),mostproteinsGoodactivitywithoutchemicalstabilizationRapidlyreplacingantisense:reallybetter?特异性基因下调手段RNA干扰（RNAinterference,RNAi）技术功能：特异性地沉默内源或外源性靶基因影响：2001年《Science》杂志十大科学成就之二 2002年《Science》杂志十大科学成就之首医学领域的应用：基因功能研究；基因敲除；基因治

疗；基因表达调控等;

抗病毒以及糖尿病、肥胖症和癌症、 黄斑变性的眼科疾病治疗等。RNAi作用机制Nature，2004，430：161Log[Oligo](M)NormalizedGeneExpressionLevelAntisensesiRNAControlsFromH.Winkler,IBCConference“RNAInterference”,SanDiego,CA,Feb2003siRNAdsRNAsiRNARNAseshRNAInVitroInVivoInVivomiRNAAdaptedFromDykxhoornetal.,NatureReviews4,457,2003具有RNAi机制的药物TargetIDsiRNATargetValidationGrowingClinicalLeadDiscovery&OptimizationPreclinical药物递送是关键挑战siRNA药物?siRNA药物:革命性突破

Company

siRNA

Disease

Routeofadministration

Stage

ALN-TTR01ATTRintravenousALN-RSVRSVinfectionIntranasalALN-VSPLiverCancerIntravenousQPI-1007NAIONIntravenousI5NPARFIntravenousPF-4523655AMDIntravitrealBevasiranibAMDIntravitrealDMEIntravitrealTKM-080301CancerIntravenousPRO-040201HypercholesterolemiaIntravenous

ATU027AdvancedSolidTumorsIntravenoussiG12DLODERPancreaticCancer

intratumoralTD101PCIntradermalsir027AMDIntravitreal

RTP801i-14AMDIntravitreal

CALAA-01SolidtumoursIntravenousPotentialofsiRNA-BasedTherapyPhase1Phase2Phase3RNA干扰疗法的潜力siRNA药物迅速进入临床研究难以被细胞摄取：大分子，阴离子脱靶效应：非特异性沉默，引起免疫刺激等难以富集在肿瘤部位：体内不稳定，半衰期短

1

2

3PotentialofsiRNA-BasedTherapyRNA干扰疗法的潜力siRNA药物临床引用的关键Nature2010,468,p487,Nov.25,2010PotentialofsiRNA-BasedTherapyRNA干扰疗法的潜力siRNA给药技术成为关键挑战表达siRNA的质粒DNA的传递病毒（NatureBiotechnology,2002,20:1006-10）非病毒类载体化学合成的siRNA的传递 非病毒类载体：脂质体和高分子 物理手段:electroporation,highpressure/highvolumeinjectionPotentialofsiRNA-BasedTherapyRNA干扰疗法的潜力siRNA的传递：体内RNAi技术应用的关键脂质类Figure2.ChemicalmodificationsofsiRNAs.Shownarestructuresofsugar,backboneandbasemodificationsandofthecholesterolconjugate.NatueChemicalBiology,2(2006),711-719.Naturereviewsdrugdiscovery,

6(2007),443-453高分子纳米载体抗体类化学修饰siRNAsiRNA缀合物PotentialofsiRNA-BasedTherapyRNA干扰疗法的潜力siRNA的非病毒载体种类内涵体逃避靶向结合吞噬核转运DNA释放到细胞质形成RISC内涵体逃避靶向结合吞噬siRNA释放到细胞质siRNA的传递DNA的传递组织转运DAN和siRNA传递的比较蛋白质表达转录mRNA化学修饰的siRNAFigure2.ChemicalmodificationsofsiRNAs.Shownarestructuresofsugar,backboneandbasemodificationsandofthecholesterolconjugate.NatueChemicalBiology,2(2006),711-719.Naturereviewsdrugdiscovery,

6(2007),443-453Nature，2004，432：173-178

化学修饰的siRNAChallenge1:稳定Challenge2:长循环Challenge3:靶向Challenge4:渗透Challenge5:细胞摄取Challenge6:制剂化基于纳米载体的siRNA给药系统EngineeringNanoparticlesforsiRNADeliveryExtendedCirculationTissueTargetingPenetrationCellinternalization脂质体类siRNA纳米载体脂质体类siRNA纳米载体StableNucleicAcidLipidParticle(SNALP)StableNucleicAcidLipidParticle(SNALP)Meanparticlesize:140±12nmMeanencapsulationefficiency:93%±3%Nucleicacid/lipidratio:42±4

g/

molsiRNA-SNALPwithalongerhalf-lifeinplasmaandliverreducedserumHBVDNAtitersinmousemodelfollowingintravenousinjectionNatureBiotechnology

23,1002-1007(2005)ApoB-siRNA-SNALPresultedinsilencingofApoBmRNAexpressioninliverandsignificantreductionsinApoBprotein,serumcholesterolandlow-densitylipoproteinlevelsNature441,111-114(4May2006)高分子类siRNA给药系统StericCoat(Inert)ActiveCoreExposedTargetingLigandsCleavableLink(Shedding)LigandsStericpolymerCarrierCleavablelinkage+++++++siRNAPayload水溶性阳离子高分子纳米载体:NUCLEICACIDSRESEARCH32(19):Art.No.e1492004PNAS2007,104,5715-5721靶向修饰的水溶性阳离子高分子纳米载体:CancerResearch2005,65,8984-8992LigandPEGDegradablelinkagesiRNAJACS,127,1624-1625靶向修饰的水溶性高分子-siRNA键合物:JACS,126(42),13612-13613LoadingsiRNApostnanoparticleformationPEG:prolongedbloodcirculationBiocompatibleDegradable,potentiallyintracellularsiRNAreleaseCo-deliveryofchemotherapeuticdrugforsynergisticeffect++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++siRNA亲水嵌段疏水嵌段带正电荷嵌段阳离子胶束/siRNA复合纳米颗粒:abc30minFAM-siRNA12h24hRho-PTX30min12h24hRho-PTXMicelleplexFAM-siRNAFAM-siRNAPBSabcdeabcdeabcdeRho-PTXMicelleplexNCsiRNA+MicelleplexFAM-siRNAbcdeaSunTM,etal.,ACSNano,2011,5,1483-1494Dayspost-xenografting121620242832364044TumorVolume(mm3)100200300400500600PaclitaxelMicelleplexNCsiRNAPaclitaxelMicelleplexsiPlk1PaclitaxelMicelleplexNCsiRNA+MicelleplexsiPlk1MicelleplexsiPlk1PBSBlankMicellesMicelleplexNCsiRNASunTM,etal.,ACSNano,2011,5,1483-1494β-actin020406080100120Plk1mRNA(%ofControl)MicelleplexNCsiRNAPBSBlankmicellesMicelleplexsiPlk1PaxlitaxelMicelleplexPaxlitaxelMicelleplexsiPlk1PaxlitaxelMicelleplexNCsiRNA+MicelleplexsiPlk1Plk1KimA.Woodrow,W.MarkSaltzmanetal.,NatureMaterials,2009,8,526–533ChristopherJ.Cheng,

W.MarkSaltzman,Biomaterials,2011,32,6194–6203siRNA包载效率低下，仅为21%！1gsiRNA目前的价格为200万！基于聚乙二醇