全国职称英语等级考试综合类B级试题及答案

全国职称英语等级考试综合类B级试题及答案第一部分词汇选项（第1—15题，每题1分，共15分）下面共有15个句子，每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线，请从每个句子后面所给的4个选项中选出1个与划线部分意义最接近的答案。1.Thecommitteedecidedtopostponethefinalvoteuntilallmembershadreadtherevisedproposal.A.cancel B.delay C.reject D.repeat答案：B2.Thenewpolicywillimposestricterlimitsonovertimework.A.remove B.increase C.enforce D.ignore答案：C3.Hisspeechwasconciseandtothepoint,leavingnoroomformisinterpretation.A.lengthy B.vague C.brief D.humorous答案：C4.Thelaboratoryisequippedwithsophisticatedinstrumentsthatcandetectminutequantitiesofpollutants.A.tiny B.harmful C.visible D.heavy答案：A5.Themanagertriedtoappeasetheangrycustomerbyofferingafullrefund.A.ignore B.calm C.challenge D.charge答案：B6.Thenoveldepictsrurallifeinthe1920swithremarkableaccuracy.A.praises B.describes C.compares D.predicts答案：B7.Theathlete’sperformancewasmediocrecomparedwithherpreviousrecord.A.outstanding B.average C.improving D.declining答案：B8.Thecontractexplicitlystatesthateitherpartymayterminatetheagreementwiththirtydays’notice.A.clearly B.secretly C.orally D.roughly答案：A9.Thescientistremainsskepticalaboutthevalidityofthenewtheory.A.convinced B.doubtful C.excited D.informed答案：B10.Thegovernmenthasallocatedadditionalfundstoupgradethenationalhighwaysystem.A.reduced B.borrowed C.assigned D.returned答案：C11.Thejournalistwaspraisedforhercandidremarksduringtheinterview.A.polite B.frank C.humorous D.prepared答案：B12.Thesuddendropintemperatureacceleratedtheripeningprocessofthefruit.A.slowed B.spedup C.stabilized D.reversed答案：B13.Thehistorian’snewbookchallengestheconventionalviewoftheevent.A.supports B.questions C.repeats D.ignores答案：B14.Thecompany’sprofitshavefluctuatedwildlyoverthepastthreequarters.A.risensteadily B.variedirregularly C.fallensharply D.remainedstable答案：B15.Thespeakerusedananecdotetoillustratehismainargument.A.confuse B.prove C.clarify D.replace答案：C第二部分阅读判断（第16—22题，每题1分，共7分）阅读下面这篇短文，短文后列出7个句子，请根据短文内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，选择A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，选择B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，选择C。短文：In1973,thesmalltownofMiddlefordinOhiobecametheunlikelycenterofamedicalbreakthrough.Dr.ElainePorter,alocalpediatrician,noticedthatchildrenlivingneartheabandonedbatteryfactoryshowedunusuallyhighlevelsofleadintheirblood.Overthenextfiveyears,shecollectedsoil,waterandairsamples,oftenpayingforlaboratorytestsoutofherownsalary.Herfindingseventuallypersuadedthestatelegislaturetoallocatefundsforacomprehensivecleanup.By1980,leadconcentrationsintheareahaddroppedby78percent,andsubsequentstudiesrevealeda42percentdeclineinlearningdifficultiesamongthetown’sschoolchildren.Middlefordlaterbecameamodelforsimilarcommunitiesacrossthenation.16.Dr.Porterwasemployedbyastateenvironmentalagency.答案：B17.ThebatteryfactoryhadstoppedoperatingbeforeDr.Porterbeganherstudy.答案：A18.Thetown’spopulationdecreasedsignificantlyduringthecleanupperiod.答案：C19.Dr.Porterreceivedfederalgrantstocoverallherlaboratoryexpenses.答案：B20.BloodleadlevelsinMiddlefordchildrenfellafterthecleanup.答案：A21.Thecleanupprojectwascompletedinlessthanfouryears.答案：B22.OthertownslateradoptedMiddleford’sapproachtoleadcontamination.答案：A第三部分概括大意与完成句子（第23—30题，每题1分，共8分）阅读下面这篇短文，短文后有4个概括句和4个不完整句子，请分别完成。短文：Urbanforests—definedasnetworksoftreesandvegetationgrowingwithincities—providefarmorethanaestheticappeal.Researchconductedacross25mid-sizedEuropeancitiesshowsthateveryadditional10percentoftreecoverreducessummerambienttemperaturesby0.6°C,cuttingair-conditioningdemandby2.7percent.Thesamecanopyinterceptsupto18percentofannualrainfall,reducingpressureonstorm-watersystems.Perhapsmoststrikingistheimpactonpublichealth:alongitudinalstudyof340,000residentsfoundthatpeoplelivingonstreetswithmaturetreelineshada12percentlowerriskofcardiovascularevents.Economicgainsarealsomeasurable;propertyvalueswithin100metersofsizablegreenplotsrosebyanaverageof7percentafterfiveyears.Despitethesebenefits,urbanforestsfacethreatsfromcompactdevelopmentpolicies,whichprioritizefloorareaoveropenspace,andfromtightmunicipalbudgetsthatrelegatetreemaintenancetoadiscretionaryitem.概括句：23.Urbanforestslowersummertemperaturesandenergyuse.24.Treecoverreducesrunoffandprotectsdrainageinfrastructure.25.Greenerycorrelateswithmeasurablehealthimprovements.26.Proximitytogreenspaceenhancesreal-estateprices.完成句子：27.Every10percentincreaseintreecovercutscoolingdemandby______.答案：2.7percent28.Astudyof340,000residentslinkedtree-linedstreetstoreduced______risk.答案：cardiovascular29.Municipalbudgetsoftentreattreecareasa______expenditure.答案：discretionary30.Compactdevelopmentpoliciesfavorbuiltfloorareaattheexpenseof______.答案：openspace第四部分阅读理解（第31—45题，每题3分，共45分）下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题，每题有4个选项，请选出最佳答案。第一篇WhenthesmallnationofSoleniagainedindependencein1991,itssoleairportconsistedofasinglegrassrunwayandatin-roofedshed.Thirtyyearslater,thefacilityhandles4.3millionpassengersannuallyandranksamongthetoptenregionalhubsforon-timedepartures.Keytothistransformationwasaphasedexpansionstrategythatbeganwithsecuringopen-skiesagreementswithneighboringstates,therebyguaranteeingtrafficvolumesnecessarytojustifyloans.Revenuefromfuelleviesandlandingfeeswasring-fencedintoaninfrastructurefundthatcouldnotbedivertedforotherpurposes.Asecond,lessobviousfactorwasthegovernment’sinsistencethatallretailconcessionsbeawardedtolocalcooperatives,ensuringthatairportprofitscirculatedwithinthedomesticeconomyratherthanleakingtoforeignmultinationals.Today,62percentofconcessionemployeesareshareholders,andturnoverisone-fifththeindustryaveragebecauseworkersresistpoachingbycompetitors.Theairport’sboardnowadvisesemergingstatesonhowtoreplicatetheSoleniamodel.31.Solenia’sairportinitiallysufferedfrom______.A.excessiverainfall B.outdatedradarsystems C.primitivefacilities D.politicalboycotts答案：C32.Open-skiesagreementsweresignedmainlyto______.A.attractairlines B.lowerticketprices C.trainpilots D.importfuel答案：A33.Theinfrastructurefundwasfinancedthrough______.A.incometax B.fuelandlandingfees C.foreigndonations D.passengerdonations答案：B34.Localcooperativeswerefavoredbecausethey______.A.offeredlowerrents B.keptprofitsathome C.hadinternationalexperience D.paidhigherwages答案：B35.Employeeshareownershipresultedin______.A.higherturnover B.lowerproductivity C.reducedstaffretention D.lowerturnover答案：D第二篇In2018,marinebiologistDr.LilaMoreaudeployedanetworkofacousticsensorsacrosstheChukchiSeatomonitortheimpactofretreatingiceonwhalecommunication.Overtwoseasons,herteamrecorded1,800hoursofbelugaandbowheadcalls.Analysisrevealedthatwhaleswereshiftingthefrequencyoftheirsongsupwardbyanaverageof47hertzperyeartoovercomelow-frequencynoisegeneratedbydistantshiptraffic.Evenmoresurprising,thestudydetectedhybridcallsthatblendedsignatureelementsfrombothspecies,suggestinginterspeciessocialbondinginareaswherethinningiceforcedpreviouslyseparatepopulationstosharenarrowcorridors.ThefindingspromptedtheInternationalMaritimeOrganizationtorecommendvoluntaryspeedreductionsandreroutingduringpeakmigrationmonths.Earlydatafrom2021indicatea30percentdropinnear-missencountersbetweenvesselsandwhales.36.Dr.Moreau’sprimaryresearchtoolwas______.A.satellitetags B.acousticsensors C.dronecameras D.nettraps答案：B37.Whalesongsshiftedupwardinfrequencyto______.A.attractmates B.avoidpredators C.outcompeteshipnoise D.echooffice答案：C38.Hybridcallsimplythatthetwospecies______.A.competeforfood B.sharesocialsignals C.avoideachother D.migrateseparately答案：B39.TheIMOrecommendedslowerspeedsmainlyto______.A.savefuel B.reducecollisions C.cutemissions D.lowernoise答案：B40.The2021datashowedencountersdroppedby______.A.10% B.20% C.30% D.40%答案：C第三篇Forcenturies,thesilk-producingtownofFontanellainnorthernItalyguardeditsdyeingrecipeslikestatesecrets.Naturalpigmentsderivedfrompomegranaterind,walnuthullsandlichenwereboiledincoppervats,producinghuesthatneverfaded.Bythe1950s,however,syntheticanilinedyeshadcaptured90percentofthemarket,andFontanella’slastmasterdyer,OttavioRinaldi,closedhisworkshop.Decadeslater,agroupofchemistrystudentsfromMilanPolytechnicdiscoveredthatRinaldi’snotebookscontaineddataonpHlevelsandmetal-saltmordantsthatoutperformedmoderneco-certifications.Workingwithlocalartisans,theyreopenedtheabandoneddyehousein2014,usingsolarthermalpanelstoreplacewood-firedburners.Therevivedformulasattractedluxuryfashionhousesseekingbiodegradablecolors,andwagesinFontanellahaverisen28percentsincethecooperativewasformed.Critically,wastewaternowcontains85percentfewerheavy-metalresiduesthantheEUtextile-industryaverage.41.Fontanella’shistoricaldyeswerenotedfor______.A.lowcost B.fastness C.brightfluorescence D.spicyscent答案：B42.Syntheticdyesdisplacednaturalonesmainlybecauseof______.A.marketdominance B.governmentbans C.transportcosts D.colorvariety答案：A43.Studentsmodernizedtheprocessbyintroducing______.A.nuclearheaters B.solarthermalpanels C.coalovens D.electricboilers答案：B44.Fashionhousesadoptedthedyesduetotheir______.A.biodegradability B.cheaperprice C.neonshades D.fasterdelivery答案：A45.Wastewaterheavy-metalresiduesfellby______.A.15% B.28% C.47% D.85%答案：D第五部分补全短文（第46—50题，每题2分，共10分）阅读下面短文，短文中有5处空白，请从所给的7个选项中选出5个最佳答案。短文：IntheearlymorningofJune17,1994,astronomerPedroSotowasphotographingthesouthernskyfromanobservatoryintheAtacamaDesert.(46)______.Atfirstheassumedthestreakwasafaultycamerapixel,buttheanomalypersistedwhenheswitchedequipment.(47)______.Withinhours,confirmationcamefromstationsinAustraliaandSouthAfrica:apreviouslyunknowncometwasracingtowardtheinnersolarsystem.(48)______.Thescientificcommunityquicklyrealizedthattheobject,laterdesignatedC/1994N1,wouldpasswithin0.03astronomicalunitsofEarth—closerthananycometinrecordedhistory.Observatoriesworldwidecanceledroutineprogramstotracktheintruder.(49)______.Spectroscopicdatarevealedanucleusrichinorganiccompounds,promptingspeculationthatsimilarobjectsmayhaveseededearlyEarthwithprebioticmolecules.(50)______.Thecomet’sdepartureleftresearcherswithdecadesofdataandanewappreciationforthedynamismofourcosmicneighborhood.选项：A.HealertedcolleaguesviaanurgentemailcircularB.Itsbrightnessincreasedtwentyfoldinjust48hoursC.Oneframeshowedafaint,elongatedstreakagainsttheconstellationScorpiusD.Newspapersdubbedit“thesummervisitor”E.HerecalledfeelingbothaweandtrepidationF.Amateurastronomersjoinedthevigil,submittingover12,000imagesG.Thedesert’shighaltitudeanddrynessprovidedidealviewingconditions答案：46.C 47.A 48.B 49.F 50.D第六部分完形填空（第51—65题，每题1分，共15分阅读下面短文，文中有15处空白，每空有4个选项，请选出最佳答案。短文：In2009,thecityofTromsø,Norway,embarkedonanambitiousprojecttobecometheworld’sfirst“zero-waste”municipalityabovetheArcticCircle.Theinitiativerequiredhouseholdstoseparatewasteintotendistinctfractions,(51)______organicwaste,plastics,glassandhazardousresidues.Municipaltrucksfittedwithradio-frequencyidentificationreaders(52)______eachbin,ensuringaccuratebillingandparticipationrates.Citizenswhoexceededtheirmonthlythresholdsfacedgradually(53)______fees,whilethosewhostayedbelowreceivedgroceryvouchers.Withinthreeyears,landfilldeposits(54)______by71percent,andthecitybeganexportingsurplusbiogastoneighboringtowns.Theprogram’ssuccesshinged(55)______extensiveeducationcampaigns:kindergartensheldcompostingworkshops,andretireesvisitedhomestofixbrokenitems,(56)______theneedforreplacementpurchases.Localartistswereinvitedtotransformnon-recyclablematerialsintopublicsculptures,(57)______awarenesswhilereducingdisposalvolumes.By2018,Tromsøhadachieveda96percentdiversionrate,(58)______theUnitedNationstofeaturethecityinitsannualsustainabilityreport.Yetchallengesremain:seasonaltourismspikesgeneratewastefasterthanfacilitiescanprocess,andpolarnightscomplicatesolar-poweredsortinglines.Officialsnow(59)______acircul