2020年高考英语阅读理解长难句简析 2022届高考英语复习

阅读理解长难句简析 [2020全国IAB卷]BReturningtoabookyou’vereadmanytimescanfeellikedrinkswithanoldfriend.①There’sawelcomefamiliarity—butalsosometimesaslightsuspicionthattimehaschangedyouboth,andthustherelationship.Butbooksdon’tchange,peopledo.Andthat’swhatmakestheactofrereadingsorichandtransformative.②Thebeautyofrereadingliesintheideathatourbondwiththeworkisbasedonourpresentmentalregister.It’strue,theolderIget,themoreIfeeltimehaswings.Butwithreading,it’sallaboutthepresent.③It’saboutthenowandwhatonecontributestothenow,becausereadingisagiveandtakebetweenauthorandreader.Eachhastopulltheirownweight.TherearethreebooksIrereadannually.Thefirst,whichItaketoreadingeveryspringisEmestHemningway’sAMoveableFeast.Publishedin1964,it’shisclassicmemoirof1920sParis.Thelanguageisalmostintoxicating(令人陶醉的),anagingwriterlookingb。ackonanambitiousyetsimplertime.AnotherisAnnieDillard’sHolytheFirm,herpoetic1975ramble(随笔)abouteverythingandnothing.ThethirdbookisJulioCortazar’sSaveTwilight:SelectedPoems,becausepoetry.AndbecauseCortazar.④WhileItendtobuyalotofbooks,thesethreeweregiventomeasgifs,whichmightaddtothemeaningIattachtothem.ButIimaginethat,whilemoneyisindeedwonderfulandnecessary,rereadinganauthor’sworkisthehighestcurrencyareadercanpaythem.Thebestbooksaretheonesthatopenfurtherastimepasses.Butremember,it’syouthathastogrowandreadandrereadinordertobetterunderstandyourfriends.①There’sawelcomefamiliarity—butalsosometimesaslightsuspicion(thattimehaschangedyouboth,andthustherelationship).分析：(that…)引导suspicion的同位语从句。简化：There’sawelcomefamiliarity—butalsosometimesaslightsuspicion.简译：两者之间有令人愉悦的相似性——但是有时候也会一点点怀疑：时间改变了你们两个人，因此友谊也改变了。②Thebeautyofrereadingliesintheidea(thatourbondwiththeworkisbasedonourpresentmentalregister).分析：(that…)引导idea的同位语从句。简化：Thebeautyofrereadingliesintheidea.简译：重读的美妙之处在于，我们与作品之间的连接是基于我们现在的心理状态。③It’saboutthenowand(whatonecontributestothenow),becausereadingisagiveandtakebetweenauthorandreader.Eachhastopulltheirownweight.分析：(what…)引导宾语从句，作about的宾语。简译：我们阅读的是现在，阅读的是一个人对现在产生的影响。因为阅读是作者与读者之间给予与索取。双方各司其职。④(WhileItendtobuyalotofbooks),thesethreeweregiventomeasgifs,{whichmightaddtothemeaning(Iattachtothem)}.分析：(while…)引导让步状语从句；(which…)引导定语从句，修饰gifts；(that)Iattachtothem引导定语从句，修饰meaning。简化：WhileItendtobuyalotofbooks,thesethreeweregiventomeasgifs.Thegiftsmightaddtothemeaning.Iattachthemeaningtothem.简译：虽然我常常会买很多书，但是这三本是上天的馈赠。这些馈赠增加了我赋予这些书的意义。C①Racewalkingsharesmanyfitnessbenefitswithrunning,researchshows,whilemostlikelycontributingtofewerinjuries.Itdoes,however,haveitsownproblem.Racewalkersareconditionedathletes.ThelongesttrackandfieldeventattheSummerOlympicsisthe50-kilometerracewalk,whichisaboutfivemileslongerthanthemarathon.②Butthesport’srulesrequirethataracewalker’skneesstaystraightthroughmostofthelegswingandonefootremainincontact(接触)withthegroundatalltimes.③It’sthisstrangeformthatmakesracewalkingsuchanattractiveactivity,however,saysJaclynNorberg,anassistantprofessorofexercisescienceatSalemStateUniversityinSalem,Mass.Likerunning,racewalkingisphysicallydemanding,shesays,④Accordingtomostcalculations,racewalkersmovingatapaceofsixmilesperhourwouldburnabout800calories(卡路里)perhour,whichisapproximatelytwiceasmanyastheywouldburnwalking,althoughfewerthanrunning,whichwouldprobablyburnabout1,000ormorecaloriesperhour.However,racewalkingdoesnotpoundthebodyasmuchasrunningdoes,Dr.Norbergsays.Accordingtoherresearch,runnershitthegroundwithasmuchasfourtimestheirbodyweightperstep,whileracewalkers,whodonotleavetheground,createonlyabout1.4timestheirbodyweightwitheachstep.Asaresult,shesays,someoftheinjuriesassociatedwithrunning,suchasrunner’sknee,areuncommonamongracewalkers.Butthesport’sstrangeformdoesplaceconsiderablestressontheanklesandhips,sopeoplewithahistoryofsuchinjuriesmightwanttobecautiousinadoptingthesport.Infact,anyonewishingtotryracewalkingshouldprobablyfirstconsultacoachorexperiencedracertolearnpropertechnique,shesays.Ittakessomepractice.①Racewalkingsharesmanyfitnessbenefitswithrunning,researchshows,(whilemostlikelycontributingtofewerinjuries).分析：(while…)引导类时间状语从句。简化：Racewalkingsharesmanyfitnessbenefitswithrunning,researchshows,whileit’smostlikelytocontributetofewerinjuries.简译：研究表明，竞走和跑步一样，对健康有很多益处，而且大多数情况下还比跑步引起受伤的概率低。②Butthesport’srulesrequire(thataracewalker’skneesstaystraightthroughmostofthelegswing)and(onefootremainincontact(接触)withthegroundatalltimes).分析：两个（）并列，为require的宾语。简化：Butthesport’srulesrequireAandB.简译：但是这项运动的规则要求，在大部分的摆腿过程中，竞走选手的膝盖需要保持笔直。同时，有一只脚需要始终保持与地面的接触。③It’sthisstrangeformthatmakesracewalkingsuchanattractiveactivity分析：此句用了“强调句”这个语法结构：Itbe+被强调部分+that+剩余部分。简译：就是这种奇怪的形式让竞走成为了一项有魅力的项目。④Accordingtomostcalculations,racewalkers(movingatapaceofsixmilesperhour)wouldburnabout800calories(卡路里)perhour,(whichisapproximatelytwiceasmanyastheywouldburnwalking),(althoughfewerthanrunning),(whichwouldprobablyburnabout1,000ormorecaloriesperhour).分析：非谓语(moving…)作定语，修饰racewalkers。(whichis…)引导定语从句，修饰800calories；although引导类让步状语从句，作前面句子的状语；(whichwould…)引导定语从句，修饰running。简化：Accordingtomostcalculations,racewalkersmovingatapaceofsixmilesperhourwouldburnabout800calories(卡路里)perhour.Itisapproximatelytwiceasmanyastheywouldburnwalking,althoughitisfewerthanrunning.Runningwouldprobablyburnabout1,000ormorecaloriesperhour).简译：大多数的计算结果表明，一个每小时走6英里的竞走选走每小时会消耗约800卡路里。虽然没有跑步消耗的多（跑步每小时大概消耗1000或者更多卡路里），但是这个量大概是走路所能消耗的2倍。DTheconnectionbetweenpeopleandplantshaslongbeenthesubjectofscientificresearch.Recentstudieshavefoundpositiveeffects.AstudyconductedinYoungstown,Ohio,forexample,discoveredthatgreenerareasofthecityexperiencedlesscrime.Inanother，employeeswereshowntobe15%moreproductivewhentheirworkplacesweredecoratedwithhouseplants.①TheengineersattheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnology(MIT)havetakenitastepfurtherchangingtheactualcompositionofplantsinordertogetthemtoperformdiverse,evenunusualfunctions.②Theseincludeplantsthathavesensorsprintedontotheirleavestoshowwhenthey’reshortofwaterandaplantthatcandetectharmfulchemicalsingroundwater.“We’rethinkingabouthowwecanengineerplantstoreplacefunctionsofthethingsthatweuseeveryday,”explainedMichaelStrano,aprofessorofchemicalengineeringatMIT.Oneofhislatestprojectshasbeentomakeplantsgrow(发光)inexperimentsusingsomecommonvegetables.Strano’steamfoundthattheycouldcreateafaintlightforthree-and-a-halfhours.③Thelight,aboutone-thousandthoftheamountneededtoreadby,isjustastart.Thetechnology,Stranosaid,couldonedaybeusedtolighttheroomsoreventoturntreeintoself-poweredstreetlamps.④Inthefuture,theteamhopestodevelopaversionofthetechnologythatcanbesprayedontoplantleavesinaone-offtreatmentthatwouldlasttheplant’slifetime.Theengineersarealsotryingtodevelopanonandoff“switch”wheretheglowwouldfadewhenexposedtodaylight.Lightingaccountsforabout7%ofthetotalelectricityconsumedintheUS.Sincelightingisoftenfarremovedfromthepowersource(电源)—suchasthedistancefromapowerplanttostreetlampsonaremotehighway—alotofenergyislostduringtransmission(传输).Glowingplantscouldreducethisdistanceandthereforehelpsaveenergy.①TheengineersattheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnology(MIT)havetakenitastepfurther(changingtheactualcompositionofplantsinordertogetthemtoperformdiverse,evenunusualfunctions).分析：非谓语(changing…)作方式状语。简化：TheengineersattheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnology(MIT)havetakenitastepfurther.Theyhavechangedtheactualcompositionofplantsinordertogetthemtoperformdiverse,evenunusualfunctions.简译：MIT的工程师更进一步，将植物的实际成分改变以便让其具有多样的，甚至不一般的功能。②Theseincludeplants{thathavesensors(printedontotheirleaves)toshow(whenthey’reshortofwater)}andaplant{thatcandetectharmfulchemicalsingroundwater}.分析：{thathave…}引导定语从句，修饰plants，其中非谓语(printed…)作定语，修饰sensors，(when…)引导宾语从句，作show的宾语；{thatcan…}引导定语从句，修饰aplant。简化：Theseincludeplantsandaplant.简译：这其中，有的植物的叶子上被压印上了各种传感器，在植物缺水的时候会感知到。还有一种植物，能检测到地下水中的有害化学成分。③Thelight,aboutone-thousandthoftheamount(neededtoreadby),isjustastart.分析：非谓语(neededtoreadby)作定语，修饰amount。简化：Thelightisjustastart.简译：这种只有阅读所需光亮千分之一的光仅仅是个开始。④Inthefuture,theteamhopestodevelopaversionofthetechnology(thatcanbesprayedontoplantleavesinaone-offtreatment)(thatwouldlasttheplant’slifetime).分析：(thatcan…)引导定语从句，修饰aversion；(thatwould…)作定语从句，修饰treatment。简化：Inthefuture,theteamhopestodevelopaversionofthetechnology.Itcanbesprayedontoplantleavesinaone-offtreatmentandthetreatmentwouldlasttheplant’slifetime简译：在未来，该团队希望开发出这项技术的一个变体。它能喷洒在植物叶面上，一次性且终生有效。阅读理解长难句简析 [2020全国II卷]BSomeparentswillbuyanyhigh-techtoyiftheythinkitwillhelptheirchild,butresearcherssaidpuzzleshelpchildrenwithmath-relatedskills.PsychologistSusanLevine,anexpertonmathematicsdevelopmentinyoungchildrenattheUniversityofChicago,foundchildrenwhoplaywithpuzzlesbetweenages2and4laterdevelopbetterspatialskills.Puzzleplaywasfoundtobeasignificantpredictorofcognition(认知)aftercontrollingfordifferencesinparents’income,educationandtheamountofparenttalk,Levinesaid.Theresearchersanalyzedvideorecordingof53child-parentpairsduringeverydayactivitiesathomeandfoundchildrenwhoplaywithpuzzlesbetween26and46monthsofagehavebetterspatialskillswhenassessedat54monthsofage.“Thechildrenwhoplayedwithpuzzlesperformedbetterthanthosewhodidnot,ontasksthatassessedtheirabilitytorotate(旋转)andtranslateshapes,”Levinesaidinastatement.Theparentswereaskedtointeractwiththeirchildrenastheynormallywould,andabouthalfofthechildreninthestudyplayedwithpuzzlesatonetime.Higher-incomeparentstendedtohavechildrenplaywithpuzzlesmorefrequently,andbothboysandgirlswhoplayedwithpuzzleshadbetterspatialskills.However,boystendedtoplaywithmorecomplexpuzzlesthangirls,andtheparentsofboysprovidedmorespatiallanguageandweremoreactiveduringpuzzleplaythantheparentsofgirls.ThefindingswerepublishedinthejournalDevelopmentScience.①Puzzleplaywasfoundtobeasignificantpredictorofcognition(认知)aftercontrollingfordifferencesinparents’income,educationandtheamountofparenttalk,Levinesaid.简译：Levine说，在考虑了父母收入、教育和交流量的差异之后，我们发现拼图游戏是认知的一个重要预测物。②children(whoplaywithpuzzlesbetween26and46monthsofage)havebetterspatialskills(whenassessedat54monthsofage).分析：(who…)引导定语从句，修饰children；(when…)引导类时间状语从句，完整结构是whentheywereassessedat54monthsofage.简化：childrenhavebetterspatialskills.简译：那些在26到46个月大的时候玩过拼图游戏的孩子，在54个月大时接受评估时有着更好的空间（认知）技巧。CWhenyouweretryingtofigureoutwhattobuyfortheenvironmentalistonyourholidaylist,furprobablydidn’tcrossyourmind.Butsomeecologistsandfashion(时装)enthusiastaretryingtobringbackthemarketforfurmadefromnutria(海狸鼠).UnusualfashionshowsinNewOrleansandBrooklynhaveshowcasednutriafurmadeintoclothesindifferentstyles.“Itsoundscrazytotalkaboutguilt-freefur—unlessyouunderstandthatthenutriaaredestroyingvastwetlandseveryyear,”saysCreeMcCree,projectdirectorofRighteousFur.ScientistsinLouisianaweresoconcernedthattheydecidedtopayhunters$5atail.SomeofthefurendsupinthefashionshowsliketheoneinBrooklynlastmonth.NutriawerebroughttherefromArgentinabyfurfarmersandletgointothewild.“Theecosystemdowntherecan’thandlethisnon-nativespecies(物种).It’sdestroyingtheenvironment.It’sthemorus,”saysMichaelMassimi,anexpertinthisfield.①Thefurtradekeptnutriaincheckfordecades,butwhenthemarketfornutriacollapsedinthelate1980s,thecat-sizedanimalsmultipliedlikecrazy.BiologistEdmondMoutonrunsthenutriacontrolprogramforLouisiana.Hesaysit’snoteasytoconvincepeoplethatpeoplethatnutriafurisgreen,buthehasnodoubtaboutit.Huntersbringinmorethan300,000nutriatailsayear,sopartofMouton’sjobthesedaysistryingtopromotefur.Thenthere’sRighteousFuranditsunusualfashions.ModelPaigeMorgansays,“Togivepeopleaguilt-freeoptionthattheycanwearwithoutsomeonethrowingpaintonthem—Ithinkthat’sgoingtobeamassivething,atleasthereinNewYork.”②DesignerJenniferAndersonadmitsittookherawhiletocomearoundtotheopinionthatusingnutriafurforhercreationsismorallyacceptable.She’stryingtocomeupwithalabeltoattachtonutriafashionstoshowitiseco-friendly.①Thefurtradekeptnutriaincheckfordecades,butwhenthemarketfornutriacollapsedinthelate1980s,thecat-sizedanimalsmultipliedlikecrazy.分析：核心短语：keep…incheck：控制……。简译：毛皮贸易让海狸鼠的数量几十年来都在可控，但是当它在20世纪80年代衰败之后，这种猫一样大小的动物开始疯狂繁殖（数量激增）。②DesignerJenniferAndersonadmitsittookherawhiletocomearoundtotheopinion(thatusingnutriafurforhercreationsismorallyacceptable).分析：核心短语：comearoundtosth.转而接受……；(that…)引导同位从句。简化：DesignerJenniferAndersonadmitsittookherawhiletocomearoundtotheopinion:usingnutriafurforhercreationsismorallyacceptable.简译：设计师JenniferAnderson承认，她也花了好长时间才转而认同用海狸鼠毛皮进行创作在道德上是课接受的。DIhaveaspecialplaceinmyheartforlibraries.IhaveforaslongasIcanremember.Iwasalwaysanenthusiasticreader,sometimesreadinguptothreebooksadayasachild.Storieswerelikeairtomeandwhileotherkidsplayedballorwenttoparties,①IlivedoutadventuresthroughthebooksIcheckedoutfromthelibrary.MyfirstjobwasworkingattheUkiahLibrarywhenIwas16yearsold.ItwasadreamjobandIdideverythingfromshelvingbookstoreadingtothechildrenforstorytime.AsIgrewolderandbecameamother,thelibrarytookonanewplaceandanaddedmeaninginmylife.Ihadseveralchildren,andbookswereourmainsource(来源)ofentertainment.Itwasabigdealforustoloadupandgotothelocallibrary,wheremykidscouldpickoutbookstoreadorbookstheywantedmetoreadtothem.Ialwaysread,usingdifferentvoices,asthoughIwereactingoutthestorieswithmyvoiceandtheylovedit!Itwasaspecialtimetobondwithmychildrenanditfilledthemwiththewondermentofbooks.Now,IseemychildrentakingtheirchildrentothelibraryandIlovethattheexcitementofgoingtothelibrarylivesonfromgenerationtogeneration.Asanovelist,I’vefoundanewrelationshipwithlibraries.Iencouragereaderstogototheirlocallibrarywhentheycan’taffordtopurchaseabook.Iseelibrariesasasafehaven(避风港)forreadersandwriters,abridgethathelpsputtogetherareaderwithabook.Libraries,intheirownway,helpfightbookpiracy(盗版行为)andIthinkallwritersshouldsupportlibrariesinasignificantwaywhentheycan.Encouragereaderstousethelibrary.Sharelibraryannouncementsonyoursocialmedia.②Frequentthemandtalkaboutthemwhenyoucan.①Ilivedoutadventuresthroughthebooks(Icheckedoutfromthelibrary).分析：(thatIcheckedout…)引导定语从句，修饰books。简化：Ilivedoutadventuresthroughthebooks.Icheckedthemoutfromthelibrary.简译：我通过从图书馆借的书实现了各种冒险。②Frequentthemandtalkaboutthemwhenyoucan.简译：经常看书，有时间就多讨论讨论这些书。阅读理解长难句简析 [2020全国III卷]BWhen“RiseofthePlanetoftheApes”wasfirstshowntothepubliclastmonth,agroupofexcitedanimalactivistsgatheredonHollywoodBoulevard.Buttheyweren’ttheretothrowredpaintonfur-coat-wearingfilmstars.Instead,oneactivist,dressedinafull-bodymonkeysuit,hadarrivedwithasignpraisingthefilmmakers:“