留学项目试题及答案

留学项目试题及答案英语能力测试一、词汇与语法（共20题，每题1分，共20分）题目1.Theprofessor,aswellashisstudents,______interestedinthenewresearch.A.isB.areC.haveD.has2.______withthesizeofthewholeearth,thebiggestoceandoesnotseembigatall.A.CompareB.WhencomparingC.ComparingD.Whencompared3.Itishightimethatwe______measurestoprotecttheenvironment.A.takeB.tookC.willtakeD.havetaken4.Thereason______hewaslateis______hemissedtheearlybus.A.why;thatB.that;whyC.which;thatD.forwhich;what5.Idon'tthinkhewillcometotheparty,______?A.willheB.won'theC.doID.don'tI6.Sheistheonlyoneofthegirlswho______passedtheexam.A.haveB.hasC.areD.is7.______inthemountainsforaweek,thetwostudentswerefinallysavedbythelocalpolice.A.HavinglostB.LostC.BeinglostD.Losing8.Notuntilhecameback______thathismotherhadbeenillforseveraldays.A.didheknowB.heknewC.hadheknownD.hehadknown9.Thebookiswellworth______.A.toreadB.readingC.beingreadD.toberead10.______youhaveseenbothfighters,______willwin?A.Since;doyouthinkwhoB.As;whoyouthinkC.When;whoeverD.Since;whodoyouthink11.Ican'tstand______withJaneinthesameoffice.Shejustrefuses______talkingwhilesheworks.A.working;stoppingB.towork;stoppingC.working;tostopD.towork;tostop12.Thenews______ourteamhadwonthegamemadeusexcited.A.thatB.whichC.whatD.whether13.Hewasabouttoleave______thetelephonerang.A.whileB.asC.whenD.since14.______isknowntousallisthatthe2022WinterOlympicswillbeheldinBeijing.A.ItB.WhatC.AsD.Which15.Themoreheexplained,______Igot.A.themoreconfusedB.themoreconfusingC.themoreconfuseD.moreconfused16.Theoldmanhastwosons,______arelawyers.A.bothofthemB.bothofwhoC.bothofwhomD.bothofwhich17.I'dratheryou______methetruthearlier.A.tellB.toldC.hadtoldD.wouldtell18.Theproblem______atthemeetingtomorrowisveryimportant.A.discussedB.beingdiscussedC.tobediscussedD.todiscuss19.______bythebeautyofnature,thetouristsfromabroaddecidedtostayanothertwodaysinthesmallvillage.A.AttractingB.AttractedC.TobeattractedD.Havingattracted20.Weshoulddo______thePartycallsonustodo.A.whateverB.howeverC.wheneverD.wherever答案1.A。当主语后面跟有aswellas连接的短语时，谓语动词要与前面的主语保持一致，本题中前面的主语是theprofessor，为第三人称单数，所以用is。2.D。“whencomparedwith...”是省略结构，完整形式是“whenitiscomparedwith...”，表示“当与……相比时”。3.B。“Itishightimethat...”后面的从句要用虚拟语气，谓语动词用过去式。4.A。“thereasonwhy...”表示“……的原因”，“thereason...isthat...”表示“……的原因是……”。5.A。当主句的主语是第一人称，谓语动词是think，且从句是否定句时，反意疑问句要根据从句来确定，所以本题用willhe。6.B。“theonlyoneof+复数名词+定语从句”中，定语从句的谓语动词要用单数形式，所以用has。7.B。“lostinthemountains”表示“在山里迷路了”，是过去分词短语作原因状语。8.A。“notuntil...”位于句首时，主句要用部分倒装，且根据语境，本题用一般过去时。9.B。“beworthdoing”表示“值得做某事”，主动形式表示被动意义。10.D。“since”表示“既然”，“whodoyouthinkwillwin”是特殊疑问句的结构。11.C。“can'tstanddoingsth.”表示“不能忍受做某事”，“refusetodosth.”表示“拒绝做某事”。12.A。“thatourteamhadwonthegame”是同位语从句，解释说明thenews的内容。13.C。“beabouttodosth.when...”表示“正要做某事这时……”。14.B。“whatisknowntousall”是主语从句，“what”在从句中作主语。15.A。“the+比较级，the+比较级”表示“越……，就越……”，“confused”用来形容人“感到困惑的”。16.C。“bothofwhom”引导非限定性定语从句，修饰先行词twosons。17.C。“I'drathersb.haddonesth.”表示“我宁愿某人过去做了某事”，是虚拟语气。18.C。“tobediscussedatthemeetingtomorrow”是后置定语，修饰theproblem，表示“明天将要在会议上被讨论的问题”。19.B。“attractedbythebeautyofnature”是过去分词短语作原因状语，“attract”与thetourists是被动关系。20.A。“whatever”引导宾语从句，在从句中作do的宾语，表示“无论什么”。二、阅读理解（共15题，每题2分，共30分）Passage1IntheUnitedStates,whenonebecomesrich,hewantspeopletoknowit.Andevenifhedoesnotbecomeveryrich,hewantspeopletothinkthatheis.Thatiswhat“keepingupwiththeJoneses”isabout.Itisthestoryofsomeonewhotriedtolookasrichashisneighbors.Theexpressionwasfirstusedin1913byayoungAmericancalledArthurMomand.Hetoldthisstoryabouthimself.Hebeganearning$125aweekattheageof23.Thatwasalotofmoneyinthosedays.HegotmarriedandmovedwithhiswifetoaverywealthyneighborhoodoutsideNewYorkCity.Whenhesawthatrichpeoplerodehorses,Momandwenthorsebackridingeveryday.Whenhesawthatrichpeoplehadservants,Momandandhiswifealsohiredaservantandgavebigpartiesfortheirnewneighbors.Itwaslikearace,butonecouldneverfinishthisracebecauseonewasalwaystryingtokeepup.TheraceendedforMomandandhiswifewhentheycouldnolongerpayfortheirnewwayoflife.TheymovedbacktoanapartmentinNewYorkCity.Momandlookedaroundhimandnoticedthatmanypeopledothingsjusttokeepupwithrichlifestyleoftheirneighbors.Hesawthefunnysideofitandstartedtowriteaseriesofshortstories.Hecalledit“KeepingupwiththeJoneses”because“Jones”isaverycommonnameintheUnitedStates.“KeepingupwiththeJoneses”cametomeankeepingupwithrichlifestyleofthepeoplearoundyou.Momand'sseriesappearedindifferentnewspapersacrossthecountryforover28years.PeopleneverseemtogettiredofkeepingupwiththeJoneses.Andthereare“Joneses”ineverycityoftheworld.ButonemustgettiredoftryingtokeepupwiththeJonesesbecausenomatterwhatonedoes,Mr.Jonesalwaysseemstobeahead.1.SomepeoplewanttokeepupwiththeJonesesbecausethey______.A.wanttobeasrichastheirneighborsB.wantotherstoknoworthinkthattheyarerichC.don'twantotherstoknowtheyarerichD.wanttobehappy2.Itcanbeinferredfromthestorythatrichpeopleliketo______.A.liveoutsideNewYorkCityB.liveinNewYorkCityC.liveinapartmentsD.havemanyneighbors3.ArthurMomandusedthename“Jones”inhisseriesofshortstoriesbecause“Jones”is______.A.animportantnameB.apopularnameintheUnitedStatesC.hisneighbor'snameD.notagoodname4.Accordingtothewriter,itis______tokeepupwiththeJoneses.A.correctB.interestingC.impossibleD.good答案1.B。根据第一段“IntheUnitedStates,whenonebecomesrich,hewantspeopletoknowit.Andevenifhedoesnotbecomeveryrich,hewantspeopletothinkthatheis.”可知，一些人想跟上邻居的生活水平是想让别人知道或认为他们富有。2.A。从第二段“HegotmarriedandmovedwithhiswifetoaverywealthyneighborhoodoutsideNewYorkCity.”可以推断出富人喜欢住在纽约市外。3.B。根据第四段“Hecalledit‘KeepingupwiththeJoneses’because‘Jones’isaverycommonnameintheUnitedStates.”可知，用“Jones”是因为它是美国一个很常见的名字。4.C。根据最后一段“nomatterwhatonedoes,Mr.Jonesalwaysseemstobeahead”可知，要跟上别人的富有生活方式是不可能的。Passage2TheInternethasledtoahugeincreaseincredit-cardfraud.Yourcardinformationcouldevenbeforsaleinanillegalwebsite.Websitesofferingcheapgoodsandservicesshouldberegardedwithcare.On-lineshopperswhoentertheircredit-cardinformationmayneverreceivethegoodstheythoughttheybought.Thethievesthengoshoppingwithyourcardnumber-orselltheinformationovertheInternet.Computerhackershavebrokendownsecuritysystems,raisingquestionsaboutthesafetyofcardholderinformation.Severalmonthsago,25,000customersofaCDuniverse,anon-linemusicretailer,werenotlucky.Theirnames,addressesandcredit-cardnumberswerepostedonaWebsiteaftertheretailerrefusedtopayUS$157,828togetbacktheinformation.Credit-cardfirmsarenowfightingagainston-linefraud.MasterCardisworkingonplansforWeb-onlycreditcard,withalowercreditlimit.Thecardcouldbeusedonlyforshoppingon-line.However,thereareafewproblems.First,itneedstobeinstalledinusers’browsers.Second,ifauserloseshispassword,thecardwillnolongerbesafe.Visa,America’slargestcredit-cardfirm,hasintroducedanewservicecalledVerifiedbyVisa.Visasaystheserviceisareliablewaytomakeon-lineshoppingsafer.CustomersgetapasswordfromVisa.Theyenterthispasswordwhentheyshopon-line.Ifthepasswordiscorrect,Visaauthorizesthetransaction.Foron-lineshoppers,it’simportanttotakecarewhengivingoutcredit-cardinformationontheInternet.Checkthesecuritylevelonyourbrowser.Asktheon-lineretailerhowtheirsecuritysystemworks.Iftheon-lineshopisintheUS,youcanasktheNationalFraudInformationCenterformoreadvice,orcheckouttheirwebsites.1.WhatdomostpeopleworryabouttheInternetaccordingtothispassage?A.Alotofstolencredit-cardsweresoldontheInternet.B.FraudontheInternet.C.Manywebsitesaredestroyed.D.ManyillegalwebsitesareontheInternet.2.Howcanthethievesgettheinformationofthecreditcard?A.Thecustomersgivethemtheinformation.B.Thethievesstealtheinformationfromwebsites.C.Thecustomersselltheinformationtothem.D.Thethievesbuytheinformationfromcredit-cardfirms.3.Visahasintroducedanewserviceto______.A.makeon-lineshoppingeasierB.meettheneedsofcustomersC.makeon-lineshoppingsaferD.replacetheoldcreditcards4.YoucanasktheNationalFraudInformationCenterforadviceif______.A.yoususpecttheon-lineshopisafraudB.youwanttosellyourgoodson-lineC.youhavelostyourcreditcardD.youwanttouseanewservice答案1.B。根据第一段“TheInternethasledtoahugeincreaseincredit-cardfraud.”可知，人们最担心的是网络欺诈。2.B。从第二段“Computerhackershavebrokendownsecuritysystems,raisingquestionsaboutthesafetyofcardholderinformation”以及相关例子可知，小偷是从网站上窃取信用卡信息的。3.C。根据第四段“Visasaystheserviceisareliablewaytomakeon-lineshoppingsafer”可知，Visa推出新服务是为了让网上购物更安全。4.A。根据最后一段“Iftheon-lineshopisintheUS,youcanasktheNationalFraudInformationCenterformoreadvice”可知，如果你怀疑网上商店是欺诈性的，可以向国家欺诈信息中心咨询。Passage3Thehumanbraincontains10thousandmillioncellsandeachofthesemayhaveathousandconnections.Suchenormousnumbersusedtodiscourageusandcauseustodismissthepossibilityofmakingamachinewithhuman-likeability,butnowthatwehavegrownusedtomovingforwardatsuchapacewecanbelesssure.Quitesoon,inonly10or20yearsperhaps,wewillbeabletoassembleamachineascomplexasthehumanbrain,andifwecanwewill.Itmaythentakeusalongtimetorenderitintelligentbyloadingintherightsoftwareorbyalteringthearchitecturebutthattoowillhappen.Ithinkitcertainthatindecades,notcenturies,machinesofsiliconwillarisefirsttorivalandthenexceedtheirhumanancestors.Oncetheyexceedustheywillbecapableoftheirowndesign.Inarealsensetheywillbeabletoreproducethemselves.Siliconwillhaveendedcarbon’slongcontrol.Andwewillnolongerbeabletoclaimourselvestobethefinestintelligenceintheknownuniverse.Astheintelligenceofrobotsincreasestomatchthatofhumansandastheircostdeclinesthrougheconomiesofscalewemayusethemtoexpandourfrontiers,firstonearththroughtheirabilitytowithstandenvironments,harmfultoourselves.Thus,desertsmaybloomandtheoceanbedsbemined.Furtherahead,byacombinationofthegreatwealththisnewagewillbringandthetechnologyitwillprovide,theconstructionofavast,man-createdworldinspace,hometothousandsormillionsofpeople,willbewithinourpower.1.Inwhatwaycanwemakeamachineintelligent?A.Bymakingitworkinsuchenvironmentsasdeserts,oceansorspace.B.Byworkinghardfor10or20years.C.Byeitherproperlyprogrammingitorchangingitsstructure.D.Byreproducingit.2.Whatdoesthewriterthinkaboutmachineswithhuman-likeability?A.Hebelievestheywillbeusefultohumanbeings.B.Hebelievesthattheywillcontrolusinthefuture.C.Heisnotquitesureinwhatwaytheymayinfluenceus.D.Hedoesn'tconsidertheconstructionofsuchmachinespossible.3.Theword“carbon”(Line4,Para.2)standsfor“______”.A.intelligentrobotsB.achemicalelementC.anorganicsubstanceD.humanbeings4.Arobotcanbeusedtoexpandourfrontierswhen______.A.itsintelligenceandcostarebeyondquestionB.itisabletobeartheroughenvironmentC.itismadeascomplexasthehumanbrainD.itsarchitectureisdifferentfromthatofthepresentones答案1.C。根据第一段“Itmaythentakeusalongtimetorenderitintelligentbyloadingintherightsoftwareorbyalteringthearchitecturebutthattoowillhappen”可知，通过安装合适的软件或改变其结构可以使机器变得智能。2.A。根据第三段“Astheintelligenceofrobotsincreasestomatchthatofhumansandastheircostdeclinesthrougheconomiesofscalewemayusethemtoexpandourfrontiers”可知，作者认为具有人类能力的机器对人类是有用的。3.D。在文章中“carbon”与“silicon”相对，“silicon”代表机器人，那么“carbon”代表人类，因为人类是碳基生物。4.A。根据第三段“Astheintelligenceofrobotsincreasestomatchthatofhumansandastheircostdeclinesthrougheconomiesofscalewemayusethemtoexpandourfrontiers”可知，当机器人的智能和成本都没问题时，可以用来拓展我们的边界。三、写作（共1题，50分）题目你计划去国外留学，写一封信给国外某大学的招生办公室，询问有关该校留学项目的详细信息，包括专业设置、学费、奖学金、住宿等情况。参考范文DearSir/Madam,Iamwritingtoinquireaboutthedetailsofyouruniversity'soverseasstudyprogram.Iamextremelyinterestedinpursuingmyfurthereducationatyouresteemedinstitution.Firstofall,Iwouldliketoknowmoreabouttheavailablemajors.Couldyoupleaseprovideacomprehensivelistofthefieldsofstudyofferedinyouruniversity?Iamparticularlyinterestedin[mentionthespecificmajorsyouareinterestedin],andIwonderifthereareanyuniquefeaturesorresearchopportunitiesinthesemajors.Regardingthetuitionfees,Iamconcernedaboutthecostofstudyingatyouruniversity.Couldyoutellmetheexactamountoftuitionforinternationalstudentsindifferentmajors?Arethereanyadditionalfees,suchaslaboratoryfees,libraryfees,orinsurancefees?Scholarshipsarealsoacrucialfactorforme.Iwouldliketoknowifyouruniversityoffersanyscholarshipsforinternationalstudents.Whataretheeligibilitycriteriaandapplicationproceduresforthesescholarships?Canyouprovidesomeexamplesofthetypesofscholarshipsavailableandtheamountofmoneytheycover?Accommodationisanotherimportantaspect.Iwouldliketoknowwhatkindsofaccommodationoptionsareavailableon-campusandoff-campus.Whatarethecostsassociatedwitheachoption?Isiteasytofindasuitableplacetoliveneartheuniversity?Inaddition,Iwouldappreciateitifyoucouldprovidesomeinformationabouttheteachingstaff.Aretheprofessorshighlyqualifiedandexperienced?Dotheyhaveagoodreputationintheirrespectivefields?Finally,couldyoutellmeabouttheapplicationprocessandthedeadlines?WhatdocumentsdoIneedtopreparefortheapplication?Thankyouverymuchforyourtimeandconsideration.Ilookforwardtoyourdetailedreply.Yourssincerely,[YourName]专业知识测试（以计算机科学专业为例）一、选择题（共10题，每题3分，共30分）1.Whichofthefollowingdatastructuresisbestsuitedforimplementingapriorityqueue?A.ArrayB.LinkedlistC.BinaryheapD.Stack2.Inarelationaldatabase,aprimarykeyisa______.A.fieldthatuniquelyidentifieseachrecordinatableB.fieldthatisusedtosorttherecordsinatableC.fieldthatisusedtolinktwotablesD.fieldthatcontainsthemaximumvalueinatable3.Whatisthetimecomplexityofthequicksortalgorithmintheaveragecase?A.O(n)B.O(nlogn)C.O(n^2)D.O(logn)4.Theprocessofconvertinghigh-levelprogramminglanguagecodeintomachine-readablecodeiscalled______.A.CompilationB.InterpretationC.AssemblyD.Linking5.Whichofthefollowingisnotatypeofartificialintelligence?A.MachinelearningB.NeuralnetworksC.DataminingD.Databasemanagement6.Agraphwithnocyclesiscalleda______.A.TreeB.ForestC.DirectedgraphD.Undirectedgraph7.Inobject-orientedprogramming,inheritanceisamechanismthatallows______.A.aclasstoreusethepropertiesandmethodsofanotherclassB.aclasstohavemultipleconstructorsC.aclasstobedefinedwithoutanymethodsD.aclasstobeusedasadatatype8.Whatisthepurposeofafirewallinacomputernetwork?A.TopreventunauthorizedaccesstoanetworkB.ToincreasethespeedofanetworkC.TostoredataonanetworkD.Tomanagethenetworktraffic9.Whichofthefollowingsortingalgorithmsisstable?A.QuicksortB.HeapsortC.MergesortD.Selectionsort10.Theoperatingsystemisresponsiblefor______.A.managingthecomputer'shardwareandsoftwareresourcesB.writingprogramsinhigh-levellanguagesC.designingtheuserinterfaceofanapplicationD.creatingdatabases答案1.C。二叉堆非常适合实现优先队列，它可以高效地完成插入和删除操作。2.A。主键是数据库表中用于唯一标识每一条记录的字段。3.B。快速排序在平均情况下的时间复杂度是O(nlogn)。4.A。将高级编程语言代码转换为机器可读代码的过程称为编译。5.D。数据库管理不属于人工智能的类型，机器学习、神经网络和数据挖掘都与人工智能相关。6.A。无环的图称为树。7.A。在面向对象编程中，继承允许一个类重用另一个类的属性和方法。8.A。防火墙的主要目的是防止未经授权的网络访问。9.C。归并排序是稳定的排序算法，而快速排序、堆排序和选择排序是不稳定的。10.A。操作系统负责管理计算机的硬件和软件资源。二、简答题（共3题，每题10分，共30分）1.Explainthedifferencebetweenastackandaqueue.AstackisadatastructurethatfollowstheLast-In-First-Out(LIFO)principle.Elementsareaddedandremovedfromthesameend,calledthetopofthestack.Forexample,whenyoustackbooksontopofeachother,thelastbookyouputonisthefirstoneyoucantakeoff.Operationsonastacktypicallyincludepush(toaddanelement)andpop(toremoveanelement).Aqueue,ontheotherhand,followstheFirst-In-First-Out(FIFO)principle.Elementsareaddedatoneend,calledtherear,andremovedfromtheotherend,calledthefront.Itissimilartoareal-lifequeue,wherethefirstpersonwhojoinsthequeueisthefirstonetoleave.Operationsonaqueueincludeenqueue(toaddanelement)anddequeue(toremoveanelement).2.Describethebasicstepsofthesoftwaredevelopmentlifecycle(SDLC).Thesoftwaredevelopmentlifecycletypicallyconsistsofthefollowingsteps:-Requirementsgathering:Thisisthefirststepwherethedeveloperscollectinformationaboutwhatthesoftwareissupposedtodo.Theyinteractwithstakeholderssuchasclients,users,andmanagerstounderstandtheirneeds,goals,andconstraints.-Design:Basedontherequirements,thesoftwareisdesigned.Thisincludesarchitecturaldesign,wheretheoverallstructureofthesoftwareisplanned,anddetaileddesign,wheretheinternalcomponentsandtheirrelationshipsaredefined.-Implementation:Inthisstep,thesoftwareisactuallycoded.Programmersuseprogramminglanguagestowritethecodeaccordingtothedesignspecifications.-Testing:Thesoftwareistestedtofindandfixbugs.Differenttypesoftesting,suchasunittesting,integrationtesting,andsystemtesting,arecarriedouttoensurethesoftwarefunctionscorrectly.-Deployment:Oncethesoftwarepassesthetestingphase,itisdeployedtotheproductionenvironment,whereitismadeavailabletotheend-users.-Maintenance:Afterdeployment,thesoftwareneedstobemaintained.Thisincludesfixinganybugsthatarediscoveredintheproductionenvironment,makingenhancementstothesoftwarebasedonuserfeedback,andadaptingthesoftwaretochangesintheoperatingenvironment.3.Whatisthedifferencebetweenaprocessandathreadinanoperatingsystem?Aprocessisaninstanceofaprograminexecution.Ithasitsownmemoryspace,whichincludescode,data,andstack.Eachprocesshasaseparateaddressspace,andcommunicationbetweenprocessesisrelativelycomplexandusuallyinvolvesmechanismslikepipes,sockets,orsharedmemory.Processesaremanagedbytheoperatingsystem'sprocessscheduler,andtheyareindependentofeachother.Athread,ontheotherhand,isalightweightunitofexecutionwithinaprocess.Multiplethreadscanexistwithinasingleprocess,andtheysharethesamememoryspaceoftheprocess.Threadsaremorelightweightthanprocessesbecausetheydonotrequireaseparateaddressspace.Communicationbetweenthreadsiseasierandfastercomparedtoprocesses,astheycandirectlyaccessshareddatawithintheprocess.Threadsarealsoscheduledbytheoperatingsystem,andtheycanrunconcurrentlywithinaprocesstoimprovetheoverallperformanceoftheprogram.三、编程题（共1题，40分）题目WriteaPythonprogramtoimplementasimpl