2026年托福英语能力测试题目听力与写作

2026年托福英语能力测试题目：听力与写作听力部分（共40题，每题2分，总分80分）1.课堂讨论题（5题，每题2分）场景：美国大学课堂，教授与学生对某历史事件进行讨论。题目1（2分）：ProfessorLeementionsthatthe"IndustrialRevolution"hadadualimpactonurbanlife.Whatarethetwoimpactssherefersto?答案解析：-答案：TheIndustrialRevolutionimprovedlivingstandardsbutalsoledtoovercrowdingandpollution.-解析：教授在讨论中提到工业化提高了生活水平，但也造成了城市拥挤和污染，对应题目要求的两方面影响。题目2（2分）：StudentWangasksProfessorLeeabouttheprimaryreasonforthedeclineoftheRomanEmpire.Whatdoestheprofessorsuggest?答案解析：-答案：Theprofessorsuggeststhateconomicinstabilityandmilitaryoverspendingwerekeyfactors.-解析：学生提问罗马帝国衰落的原因，教授指出经济不稳定和军事开支过度是主要原因。题目3（2分）：ProfessorLeeintroducesacasestudyaboutthe"GreatBarrierReef."Whatisthemainthreatshehighlights?答案解析：-答案：Theprofessoremphasizesclimatechangeandrisingseatemperaturesasthegreatestthreats.-解析：教授在介绍大堡礁案例时，重点指出气候变化和海水温度上升是最主要威胁。题目4（2分）：StudentChenasksaboutthesignificanceofthe"MagnaCarta."HowdoesProfessorLeerespond?答案解析：-答案：Theprofessorexplainsthatitlaidthefoundationformoderndemocracyandlegalsystems.-解析：学生询问《大宪章》的重要性，教授解释其奠定了现代民主和法律体系的基础。题目5（2分）：Duringthediscussion,StudentLimentionsabooktitled"TheAgeofExploration."Whatdoestheprofessorsayaboutitsaccuracy?答案解析：-答案：Theprofessornotesthatwhilethebookiswell-written,itoversimplifiesthemotivationsbehindexploration.-解析：学生提到一本书，教授认为其写作优秀但简化了探险的动机，暗示需更深入理解。2.科学讲座题（10题，每题2分）场景：美国大学科学讲座，主题为“气候变化与农业影响”。题目6（2分）：Thelecturermentionsthat"carboncapturetechnology"couldhelpreduceglobalwarming.Whatisitsprimarymechanism?答案解析：-答案：Thetechnologytrapscarbondioxidefromindustrialemissionsbeforeitreachestheatmosphere.-解析：讲座中提到碳捕捉技术，其原理是在工业排放前拦截二氧化碳。题目7（2分）：Thespeakerdiscussestheeffectsof"risingsealevels"oncoastalagriculture.Whatisthemainconcern?答案解析：-答案：Theconcernisthatsaltwaterintrusionwillmakefarmlandunsuitableforcrops.-解析：讲座指出海平面上升会导致盐碱化，使农田不再适合耕种。题目8（2分）：Thelecturercomparestwotypesof"crop-resistantvarieties."Whichonedoessherecommendforaridregions?答案解析：-答案：Sherecommendsdrought-resistantvarietiesdevelopedbygeneticengineering.-解析：讲座对比两种抗逆作物品种，推荐转基因抗旱品种适合干旱地区。题目9（2分）：Thespeakermentionsastudyabout"beesandpollination."Whatdoesthestudyreveal?答案解析：-答案：Thestudyshowsthatbeepopulationsdeclinefasterinareaswithhighpesticideuse.-解析：讲座提到关于蜜蜂和授粉的研究，发现农药使用高的地区蜜蜂数量下降更快。题目10（2分）：Thelecturerintroducestheconceptof"agroforestry."Whatdoesitinvolve?答案解析：-答案：Itcombinesagricultureandforestmanagementtoimprovebiodiversityandsoilhealth.-解析：讲座介绍“农林复合系统”，结合农业和森林管理以提升生物多样性和土壤健康。题目11（2分）：Thespeakerdiscusses"climaterefugees."Whatdoesshesayabouttheirfuturechallenges?答案解析：-答案：Shenotesthattheyfacedifficultiesinfindingnewlivelihoodsandhousing.-解析：讲座提到气候难民，指出他们面临就业和住房困难。题目12（2分）：Thelecturermentions"greenhousegases"andtheirroleinglobalwarming.Whichgasdoesshehighlightasthemostpotent?答案解析：-答案：Shepointsoutthatmethane(CH4)ismoreeffectiveattrappingheatthanCO2.-解析：讲座指出甲烷比二氧化碳更高效地吸收热量，是主要温室气体。题目13（2分）：Thespeakertalksabout"sustainablefarmingpractices."Whatdoesshesuggestforsoilconservation?答案解析：-答案：Sherecommendsusingcovercropstopreventerosionandimprovefertility.-解析：讲座建议用覆盖作物防止水土流失，提升土壤肥力。题目14（2分）：Thelecturerdiscusses"waterscarcity"inagriculture.Whatisapossiblesolutionshementions?答案解析：-答案：Shesuggestsadoptingdripirrigationtoreducewaterwaste.-解析：讲座提出滴灌技术以减少水资源浪费。题目15（2分）：Thespeakermentionsastudyabout"croprotation."Whatbenefitdoesthestudyhighlight?答案解析：-答案：Thestudyshowsthatcroprotationreducespestinfestationsandimprovesyields.-解析：讲座提到轮作研究，指出可减少害虫并提高产量。题目16（2分）：Thelecturerintroducestheconceptof"carbonfarming."Whatdoesitinvolve?答案解析：-答案：Itusesagriculturalpracticestoabsorbandstorecarbondioxide.-解析：讲座介绍“碳农业”，指通过农业实践吸收储存二氧化碳。题目17（2分）：Thespeakertalksabout"biodegradableplastics."Whatistheirmainadvantageovertraditionalplastics?答案解析：-答案：Theybreakdownnaturallywithoutharmingtheenvironment.-解析：讲座指出生物可降解塑料自然分解且无环境污染。题目18（2分）：Thelecturerdiscusses"renewableenergysources."Whichonedoesshesayismostpromisingforruralareas?答案解析：-答案：Shementionssolarpowerduetoitslowinfrastructurerequirements.-解析：讲座推荐太阳能，因其基础设施需求低适合农村地区。题目19（2分）：Thespeakertalksabout"climatemodeling."Whatdoessheemphasizeaboutitsaccuracy?答案解析：-答案：Shenotesthatwhilemodelsimprove,theystillhavelimitationsinpredictinglocalimpacts.-解析：讲座强调气候模型虽在改进，但预测局部影响仍有局限。题目20（2分）：Thelecturerintroducestheterm"foodsecurity."Whatdoesitprimarilyfocuson?答案解析：-答案：Itfocusesonensuringallpeoplehavereliableaccesstosufficientfood.-解析：讲座定义“粮食安全”，指确保所有人能稳定获得充足食物。3.社会议题题（25题，每题2分）场景：美国社区会议，讨论“移民政策与社会融合”。题目21（2分）：Thespeakermentionsthat"economicmigrants"oftenfacedifferentchallengesthan"refugees."Whatisakeydifferenceshehighlights?答案解析：-答案：Economicmigrantshavemorejobopportunitiesbutfewersocialsupportservices.-解析：讲座指出经济移民就业机会多，但社会支持服务少，与难民不同。题目22（2分）：Thespeakerdiscusses"languagebarriers"forimmigrants.Whatdoesshesuggestasasolution?答案解析：-答案：Sherecommendslanguageclassesandculturalintegrationprograms.-解析：讲座建议语言课程和文化融合计划解决语言障碍。题目23（2分）：Thespeakermentionsastudyabout"immigrantentrepreneurship."Whatdoesthestudyfind?答案解析：-答案：Thestudyshowsimmigrantsaremorelikelytostartbusinessesinunderservedareas.-解析：讲座提到移民创业研究，发现移民更倾向于在服务不足地区创业。题目24（2分）：Thespeakertalksabout"bilingualeducation."Whatareitsbenefitsforimmigrantchildren?答案解析：-答案：Itimprovesacademicperformanceandculturalunderstanding.-解析：讲座指出双语教育提升学业表现和文化理解。题目25（2分）：Thespeakermentions"hatecrimes"againstimmigrants.Whatdoesshesayaboutprevention?答案解析：-答案：Shesuggestscommunityoutreachandlegalprotectionstoreducesuchincidents.-解析：讲座建议社区宣传和法律保护以减少针对移民的仇恨犯罪。题目26（2分）：Thespeakerdiscusses"immigranthealthcareaccess."Whatisamajorchallengeshehighlights?答案解析：-答案：Manyimmigrantslackhealthinsuranceduetolow-incomestatus.-解析：讲座指出许多移民因低收入缺乏医疗保险。题目27（2分）：Thespeakermentions"culturalassimilation."Whatdoesshecriticizeaboutit?答案解析：-答案：Shearguesthatforcedassimilationerodesculturaldiversity.-解析：讲座批评强制同化会破坏文化多样性。题目28（2分）：Thespeakertalksabout"immigrantvotingrights."Whatisakeyrestrictionshementions?答案解析：-答案：Somestatesrequireproofofcitizenship,limitingparticipation.-解析：讲座提到部分州要求公民证明，限制移民投票权。题目29（2分）：Thespeakerintroducestheterm"multiculturalism."Whatdoesshedefineitas?答案解析：-答案：Itpromotesthecoexistenceofmultiplecultureswithinonesociety.-解析：讲座定义“多元文化主义”，指多文化共存。题目30（2分）：Thespeakerdiscusses"immigrantlabor."Whatisamajorbenefitshehighlights?答案解析：-答案：Immigrantsfilljobsthatnativeworkersavoid,boostingtheeconomy.-解析：讲座指出移民填补本地人不愿做的工作，促进经济。题目31（2分）：Thespeakermentions"illegalimmigration."Whatdoesshesuggestasahumaneapproach?答案解析：-答案：Sheproposespathwaystolegalstatusforundocumentedworkers.-解析：讲座建议为无证移民提供合法身份途径。题目32（2分）：Thespeakertalksabout"immigranteducation."Whatdoessheemphasizeaboutitsimportance?答案解析：-答案：Shenotesthateducationreducespovertyandimprovesintegration.-解析：讲座强调教育减少贫困，促进融合。题目33（2分）：Thespeakerdiscusses"immigrantdiscrimination."Whatdoesshesayaboutitslong-termeffects?答案解析：-答案：Itleadstosocialdivisionandeconomicinequality.-解析：讲座指出歧视导致社会分裂和经济不平等。题目34（2分）：Thespeakermentions"immigrantcommunities."Whatdoesshehighlightabouttheirresilience?答案解析：-答案：Theyoftencreatestrongsupportnetworksdespitechallenges.-解析：讲座强调移民社区虽面临挑战，但支持网络强大。题目35（2分）：Thespeakerdiscusses"immigrantentrepreneurship."Whatdoesshesayaboutitsimpactoninnovation?答案解析：-答案：Immigrantbusinessesintroducenewideasandtechnologies.-解析：讲座指出移民企业带来新创意和技术。题目36（2分）：Thespeakermentions"immigrantvotingrates."Whatdoessheattributelowratesto?答案解析：-答案：Sheblameslackofpoliticalawarenessandregistrationbarriers.-解析：讲座归因于政治意识缺乏和登记障碍导致投票率低。题目37（2分）：Thespeakertalksabout"immigranthealthcare."Whatdoesshesuggesttoimproveaccess?答案解析：-答案：Sherecommendsexpandingpublichealthprogramstoincludeimmigrants.-解析：讲座建议扩大公共卫生项目覆盖移民。题目38（2分）：Thespeakermentions"immigrantchildren'seducation."Whatdoesshehighlightaboutitschallenges?答案解析：-答案：Manyfacelanguagebarriersandculturaladjustmentdifficulties.-解析：讲座指出移民儿童面临语言和文化适应困难。题目39（2分）：Thespeakerdiscusses"immigrantlaborlaws."Whatdoesshecriticizeaboutcurrentpolicies?答案解析：-答案：Shearguesthatwagesaretoolowandworkingconditionsareunsafe.-解析：讲座批评现行政策工资低、工作环境差。题目40（2分）：Thespeakerintroducestheterm"meltingpot."Whatdoesshesayaboutitsrelevancetoday?答案解析：-答案：Shebelievesthatculturalexchangeismoreeffectivethanforcedassimilation.-解析：讲座认为文化交流比强制同化更有效。写作部分（共2题，每题30分，总分60分）1.IntegratedWritingTask（30分）题目：阅读文章讨论“城市绿化对空气质量的改善作用”，听力文章反驳此观点，认为效果有限且成本过高。写作要求：Summarizethepointsmadeinthereadingpassageandthelecture,andthencompareandcontrastthem.参考答案：Thereadingpassagearguesthaturbangreenspaces,suchasparksandtrees,significantlyimproveairqualitybyabsorbingpollutantsandreducingurbanheatislands.Itcitesstudiesshowingthatcitieswithmoregreeneryexperiencelowerlevelsofsmogandbetteraircirculation.However,thelecturechallengesthisview.Theprofessorexplainsthattheactualimpactofgreenspacesislimitedbecausetheycoveronlyasmallfractionofurbanareas.Additionally,thecostsofmaintainingthesespaces—suchasplantingtreesandcleaningparks—arehigh,makingiteconomicallyunsustainableforcitiestorelysolelyongreeneryforairqualityimprovement.Whileboththepassageandthelectureagreethatgreenspaceshavesomebenefits,thelectureemphasizesthatothermeasures,suchasstricterindustrialregulationsandbetterwastemanagement,aremoreeffectiveandcost-efficient.解析：-阅读观点：绿化改善空气质量（吸收污染物、减少热岛效应）。-听力反驳：效果有限（覆盖面积小），成本高（维护费用），需结合其他措施（工业监管、废物管理）。-对比：阅读强调绿化作用，听力质疑其有效性，提出替代方案。2.IndependentWritingTask（30分）题目：Somepeoplebelievethatgovernmentsshouldspendmoremoneyonimp