2025年应用心理英语复试笔试及答案

2025年应用心理英语复试笔试及答案

一、单项选择题（总共10题，每题2分）1.Theterm"cognitivedissonance"wasmostnotablyintroducedbywhichpsychologist?A.B.F.SkinnerB.CarlRogersC.LeonFestingerD.JeanPiaget2.Whichofthefollowingisconsideredamajorcomponentofemotionalintelligence?A.HighIQB.StronganalyticalskillsC.Self-awarenessD.Fluencyinmultiplelanguages3.Inthecontextofsocialpsychology,the"bystandereffect"refersto:A.ThetendencytohelpinemergencysituationsB.ThetendencytoignoreasituationwherehelpisneededC.TheformationofsocialnormsD.Theinfluenceofgrouppressureonindividualbehavior4.Theconceptof"locusofcontrol"wasdevelopedby:A.AbrahamMaslowB.JulianRotterC.SigmundFreudD.CarlJung5.Whichtheorysuggeststhatpeoplearemotivatedtoachieveastateofoptimalarousal?A.DriveReductionTheoryB.Two-FactorTheoryC.Yerkes-DodsonLawD.Self-DeterminationTheory6.Theprocessbywhichindividualschangetheirattitudesorbeliefsduetosocialinfluenceisknownas:A.ConformityB.PersuasionC.SocialFacilitationD.SocialLoafing7.The"haloeffect"inpersonalityassessmentrefersto:A.ThetendencytojudgeothersbasedontheirphysicalappearanceB.ThetendencytojudgeothersbasedonasinglepositivetraitC.ThetendencytooverestimatetheintelligenceofothersD.Thetendencytounderestimatetheintelligenceofothers8.Whichofthefollowingisakeycomponentofcognitive-behavioraltherapy(CBT)?A.FreeassociationB.SystematicdesensitizationC.PsychoanalysisD.Client-centeredtherapy9.Theterm"framingeffect"indecision-makingrefersto:A.TheinfluenceofhowinformationispresentedB.TheinfluenceofemotionalstatesondecisionsC.TheinfluenceofculturalbackgroundondecisionsD.Theinfluenceofsocialcontextondecisions10.The"self-servingbias"isaconceptin:A.SocialcognitionB.CognitivedissonanceC.AttributiontheoryD.Motivationtheory二、填空题（总共10题，每题2分）1.Theprocessofacquiringnewknowledgeandskillsisknownas__________.2.The__________isapsychologicaldefensemechanismthatprotectstheindividualfromanxiety.3.The__________theorysuggeststhatpeoplearemotivatedbyaneedtoachieveasenseofbelonging.4.The__________effectreferstothetendencytojudgeothersbasedonasinglepositivetrait.5.The__________isatherapeuticapproachthatfocusesontherelationshipbetweenthoughts,feelings,andbehaviors.6.The__________isacognitivebiasthatleadspeopletooverestimatethelikelihoodofrareevents.7.The__________theoryproposesthatpeoplearemotivatedbyaneedtoreduceuncertainty.8.The__________effectreferstothetendencytohelpinemergencysituations.9.The__________isapsychologicalconceptthatreferstothebeliefthatone'soutcomesareduetotheirownactions.10.The__________isasocialinfluencephenomenonwhereindividualschangetheirbehaviortomatchthemajority.三、判断题（总共10题，每题2分）1.Cognitivedissonancetheorysuggeststhatpeoplearemotivatedtochangetheirattitudestoreducediscomfort.2.EmotionalintelligenceisprimarilymeasuredbyIQscores.3.Thebystandereffectismorelikelytooccurinlargegroups.4.TheYerkes-DodsonLawstatesthatperformanceincreaseswitharousal.5.Conformityisalwaysanegativesocialinfluencephenomenon.6.Thehaloeffectcanleadtoaccuratepersonalityassessments.7.Cognitive-behavioraltherapyisbasedontheprinciplesofpsychoanalysis.8.Theframingeffectisadecision-makingbias.9.Theself-servingbiasismorecommoninindividualswithhighself-esteem.10.Socialloafingoccurswhenindividualsexertlesseffortinagroupsetting.四、简答题（总共4题，每题5分）1.Describetheconceptofcognitivedissonanceandprovideanexampleofhowitmightberesolved.2.Explainthedifferencebetweenconformityandobedience,andprovideanexampleofeach.3.Discusstheroleofself-efficacyinmotivationandprovideanexampleofhowitcanbeenhanced.4.Describetheconceptofthebystandereffectandexplainonefactorthatcanreducethelikelihoodofitoccurring.五、讨论题（总共4题，每题5分）1.Discussthepotentialbenefitsanddrawbacksofusingcognitive-behavioraltherapy(CBT)fortreatingpsychologicaldisorders.2.Explainhowtheconceptofattributiontheorycanbeappliedtounderstandingworkplacedynamics.3.Discusstheroleofemotionalintelligenceineffectiveleadershipandprovideanexampleofhowitcanbedeveloped.4.Analyzetheimpactofsocialmediaonsocialinfluenceandprovideanexampleofhowitcanleadtobothpositiveandnegativeoutcomes.答案和解析一、单项选择题答案1.C2.C3.B4.B5.C6.B7.B8.B9.A10.C二、填空题答案1.Learning2.Repression3.Attachment4.Halo5.Cognitive-behavioraltherapy6.Availabilityheuristic7.DriveReductionTheory8.Bystandereffect9.Self-servingbias10.Conformity三、判断题答案1.True2.False3.True4.False5.False6.False7.False8.True9.True10.True四、简答题答案1.Cognitivedissonanceisapsychologicalconceptthatreferstothediscomfortexperiencedwhenholdingconflictingbeliefsorattitudes.Forexample,apersonwhosmokesbutwantstobehealthymightexperiencecognitivedissonance.Toresolvethis,theymighteitherquitsmokingorjustifytheirbehaviorbydownplayingthehealthrisks.2.Conformityisthetendencytochangeone'sbehaviortomatchthemajority,whileobedienceisthetendencytofollowordersfromanauthorityfigure.Forexample,conformitymightbeseeninagroupoffriendsallwearingthesamestyleofclothing,whileobediencemightbeseeninasoldierfollowingacommandfromasuperiorofficer.3.Self-efficacyisthebeliefinone'sabilitytosucceedinaspecificsituation.Itplaysacrucialroleinmotivationasitinfluencestheeffortandpersistenceindividualsputintoachievingtheirgoals.Forexample,astudentwithhighself-efficacyinmathismorelikelytostudydiligentlyandachievegoodgrades.4.Thebystandereffectisasocialphenomenonwhereindividualsarelesslikelytohelpinemergencysituationswhenothersarepresent.Onefactorthatcanreducethelikelihoodofthebystandereffectisthepresenceofasingle,clearauthorityfigurewhotakesresponsibilityforthesituation.五、讨论题答案1.Cognitive-behavioraltherapy(CBT)canbebeneficialfortreatingpsychologicaldisordersasitfocusesonidentifyingandchangingnegativethoughtpatternsandbehaviors.However,itmaynotbesuitableforeveryone,andsomeindividualsmayfindittoostructuredortime-consuming.2.Attributiontheorycanbeappliedtounderstandingworkplacedynamicsbyexplaininghowindividualsinterpretthecausesofothers'behaviors.Forexample,ifacolleagueislatetoameeting,attributiontheorycanhelpunderstandwhet