2026届上海市奉贤区高三一模英语卷

2026届上海市奉贤区高三一模英语卷一、语法填空Directions:Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagecoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword;fortheotherblanks,useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.EmpiresinConversationDespitethethousandsofmilesseparatingthemandthebigdifferencesintheirpeoples,tworulersin17th-centuryEuropeandChinawereneverthelessthedrivingforcebehindagrandculturalexchange.ThetwomenweretheKangxiEmperorofChina’sQingDynastyandKingLouisXIVofFrance.Asymbolicimagefromtheperiodcapturedtheexchange:Europeanambassadors(使臣),1(dress)intherobesofQingofficials,stoodbesideanarmillarysphereinthecourtoftheKangxiEmperor.Theastronomy,mathematics,physics,andchemistrytheybrought2(fascinate)theyoungemperor,whowasparticularlyinterestedintheheavenlybodies.Throughtheirinstruction,Kangxigainedarichknowledge.OnonevisittosouthernChina,heusedaspiritlevel(水平仪)tomeasurethewater,andfoundamistakein3hisministerswerecontrollingthewaterintheHongzelake.Itisnaturalformanyofus4(marvel)attheChineseemperor’sgoodknowledgeofWesterntechnologies.ButKangxi’sinterestsextended5thehardsciences:Hetriedtoorganizeinformationabouttheseforeignlandsandspread6amongthepublic.Heaskedhisthirdprince,Yinzhi,toestablishamuseumofmathematics7talentedscholarswouldengageinresearchandobservationofmathematicallawsandtheuniverse.Incourtspeeches,KangxiwouldholdforthonthenaturalsciencesfromEurope,8(lecture)youngprincesaboutastronomy,calendarsystemsandarithmetic.Outstandingstudents9(send)totheinstitutionofastronomyorotherkeydepartments.10thevisitorsfromtheWestcametotheEastmainlytospreadtheirculture,uponarrivinginthatancientkingdom,theydiscovereditspeoplealreadypossessedtheirownwell-establishedunderstandingoftheworld.TherewastheGoldenMeanofConfucius,andtheunknowableTaoofLaoTzu.AndtheseleftadeepimpressiononthetravelingEuropeans.二、选词填空Directions:Fillineachblankwithaproperwordchosenfromthebox.Eachwordcanbeusedonlyonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.

A.optionsB.resolvedC.prideD.cautiousE.sustainedF.assignedG.stretchH.functioningI.unseasonablyJ.aggressiveK.anchoringSilentonLakeSuperior:McSorley’sLastJourneyBythedayhedied,ErnestMcSorleyhadbuiltareputationasthecaptainwhocouldweatheranystorm.HewasoneofthebestsailorsontheGreatLakes,wherehehadbeen11topilottheEdmundFitzgerald,theflagshipofColumbiaTransportationDivision.McSorleytook12inhisefficiency,andhealwaysdeliveredhisgoodsontime,navigatingskilfullythroughdangerouswaters.Thecompanyvaluedhis13approachofalwayspushingforward.OnNovember9,1975,theFitzgeraldsetsailfromSuperior,Wisconsin,carryingaround26,000tonsofironore.Thetemperaturewas14warm,anearlysignthatsomethingwaswrong.Angrywinterweatherwasalreadyonitsway.At7p.m.,theNationalWeatherServiceissuedastormwarningforLakeSuperior,predictingwavesuptotenfeettall.McSorleyhadtwo15:HecouldsailstraightacrossthelaketoWhitefishBay,afamiliar30-hourjourney,ortaketheso-callednorthernroute,a44-hourpassagethathuggedtheCanadianshore,whichwouldprotecttheshiprightupuntilthefinal16ofthevoyage.McSorleyhadinitially17tosailtheshorterpassage.Butasconditionsworsened,hechangedhismind.Thecaptainknownforhisaggressionandefficiencymadeanuncharacteristically18decision,choosingthelongernorthernroute.Around3p.m.onNovember10,CaptainBernieCooperoftheArthurM.Anderson,ashiptravelingnearby,noticedsomethingalarmingonhisradarscreen.Minuteslater,theFitzgeraldradioedtheAndersonreportingtrouble:“Ihave19sometopsidedamage,”McSorleysaid“I’mcheckingdown.WillyoustaybymeuntilIgettoWhitefish?”Soonafter,McSorleylearnedthatbothoftheFitzgerald’sradarshadstopped.20,andthelighthouseatWhitefishPointhadgonedark.Despitehisdecadesofexperience,McSorleyreportedovertheradiothathewaswitnessing“oneoftheworstseasI’veeverbeenin”.Afterthatfinaltransmission,theFitzgeraldstoppedansweringcallsfromtheAndersonanddisappearedfromtheradar.三、完形填空OnMarch17,scientistsreportedfindingtheearliestechoesoftheBigBang.Thelong-soughtevidencesupportstheideathattheuniverseinflatedina(n)________.Ascientifictheory,calledinflation,heldthatduringthefirsttrillionthofatrillionthofatrillionthofasecondaftertheBigBang,theuniversegrew________fasterthanthespeedoflight.Itsoonstretchedoutfartherthananytelescopecansee.Astronomersfirstintroducedthetheoryofinflationmorethan30yearsago.Sincethen,ithasbecomeanimportantpartofthe________forhowtheuniversebegan.InflationhelpsanswersomequestionsraisedbytheBigBang,suchaswhytheuniverselooksthesameineverydirection.Inflationprobablyhas________everythingout.It’sjustlikewhathappenswhenblowingupapartyballoon.________scientistscouldn’tbesurethatinflationhappened,fortheylackedsolidevidence.Thenewdiscoveryprovidestheneededevidence,identifyingthelong-lastingeffectsofinflationonthe________lightintheuniverse.ScientistscannottravelbacktotheBigBang,aneventlosttothedeeppastof13.8billionyears.Yet,theuniverseitselfisatimecapsule.Accordingtoinflationtheory,theBigBangsentwavesspreadingthroughthefabricofspacetime,preservingcluesthatscientistscanstill________today.Knownas“gravitationalwaves”,theywould________squeeze(压缩)andstretchthefabricofspace.Sotheirpassageshouldhavelefta(n)________onthefarthestreachesoftheknownuniverse.Scientistshadsoughtthosecharacteristicmarks.Fortheirsearch,thescientistsusedatelescopecalledBICEP2attheSouthPole.Theregion’scold,dryand________airisperfectforobservingdeepintospace—andbackintotime.For50years,scientistshaveknownthatenergyintheformofmicrowaveradiation________longaftertheBigBang.________,thetelescopedetectstinyparticlesoflightthatcarrythismicrowavesignal.JohnKovac,aHarvardAssociateProfessorofAstronomyandPhysics,ledthenewsearchfortheBigBang’sechoes.Hislargeteamwillcontinueto________theirdata.Theywanttomakesuretheirresultsdidn’tarisefromaprobleminthetelescopeorsome________intheiranalysis.Fornow,manyscientistsareexcitedbythenews.________ofgravitationalwavesoffersnewopportunitiesforscientiststotestmoreideasaboutthenatureoftheuniverse,thusopeningupawholenewwindow.21.A．periodB．flashC．termD．interval22.A．upwardB．downwardC．inwardD．outward23.A．explanationB．reflectionC．descriptionD．prediction24.A．spiltB．smoothedC．castD．wiped25.A．ThereforeB．MoreoverC．HoweverD．Instead26.A．oldestB．brightestC．purestD．gentlest27.A．overlookB．projectC．decodeD．clarify28.A．relativelyB．randomlyC．alternatelyD．instantly29.A．symbolB．markC．objectD．evidence30.A．harshB．thickC．stableD．fresh31.A．expandsB．enduresC．emergesD．fades32.A．ForinstanceB．BycontrastC．AsaresultD．Inparticular33.A．gooverB．accountforC．backupD．referto34.A．failuresB．errorsC．weaknessesD．contradictions35.A．ApprovalB．PublicationC．AwarenessD．Confirmation四、阅读理解Itseemsobviousthatplantscannotcount1-10ontheirrootsorleavesasweusuallydowithourfingers,butscientistssaycertainplantscan“count”andevendosimplemaths.Theypossessmysteriousabilitiestokeepaneyeontheinsectsnearbyandtheirownfoodstores.Venusflytraps,forexample,areknowntoshuttheirleavesrapidlywhentheysensesomethingmovingonthem.Buttheyonlydothisifanythingmovestwicewithinabout15-20seconds.Themovementsaresensedbyfine‘trigger’hairsontheleavesandtranslatedintoelectricalpulses(脉冲),flowingthroughtheplant.Whenanelectricalpulseistriggeredtwice,theleaveswillcloseimmediately.Butasagroupofinternationalscientistsshowedin2016,insect-eatingplantsofthiskindareabletotallyhigherthantwo.Theywaituntilthey’vesensedatleastthreeelectricalpulsesbeforetheystartproducingthechemicalsneededtodigesttheircatch,probablytoavoidwastingtheirenergyonluckyescapees.Evenbeforethisdiscovery,though,scientistsweresuggestingthatthalecress,acousintocabbagethat’swidelyusedinplantstudies,couldperformaprocesssimilartodoingdivision.Duringtheday,thalecressesusesunlighttobuilduptheirfoodstores,whichisknownasphotosynthesis.Buttosurvivethenight,theymustfirstdeterminehowmuchenergytheywillneed.Theydothisbyassessingtheenergystoredintheirleavesandfactoringinthelengthofthenight.Basedonthiscalculation,theythenmanagetheirfoodintakeatasustainablerate.Expertsargueweshouldn’tlabelthesecuriouscountingabilitiesas“intelligent”orasevidencethatplantshavesomeearlyandunderdevelopedformofbrain.They’rejustdoingwhattheyneedtosurvive.Butitremindsusthateventhesimplestformsoflifecandisplayastonishingcomplexityandprecision.36.TheexampleofVenusflytrapsinParagraph2isgiventoshowthat_________

A．plantscancount1-10ontheirrootsandleavesB．someplantscancarryoutsimplecalculationsC．plantsareabletogenerateelectricalpulsesD．certainplantsreactmuchfasterthaninsects37.Theunderlinedword“tally”inParagraph3isclosestinmeaningto_________·

A．numberB．repeatC．divideD．sense38.Wecanlearnfromthepassagethat_________

A．venusflytrapssettimedtrapsbasedonhowmanybugstheysenseB．plantsdosimplemathstokilltimeotherthanmerelytosurviveC．thalecressmanagesitsenergyuseatnightthroughcalculationD．plantshavenowevolvedastructuresimilartoahumanbrain39.Whatmightbethebesttitleforthearticle?

A．Plants’amazingsenseoftimeandspaceB．Plants’smarttricksofcapturingbugsC．Plants’brilliantuseofsunlightandenergyD．Plants’surprisingtalentformathematics

1.Visitorsaccessthecastleoverawooden-boardbridge.2.Uponenteringthecastle,thereisasetofadaptedtoiletstoyourleft,andtheticketofficetoyourright—bothreachedoveranunevencobbled(铺有鹅卵石的)surface.

3.Youenterthecastlefromasteepwindingroute.Itis15degreesatitssteepestpoint,theaverageisfivedegreesanditisapproximately350mfromenteringthecastletothetoplevelatCrownSquare.Itissurfacedwithcobbles,whichcanbeuneven.

4.TheOneo’ClockGunisonthelevelbutcobbledarea,nexttotheRedcoatCafé.Thegunmakesaloudandsuddennoisewhenitisfired.Thegunisfiredeverydayat1p.m.,exceptSundays,GoodFriday,andChristmasDay.

5.HospitalSquareisreacheddownacobbledslopeof12degrees.

6.TheroutecontinuesupthecobbledrisethroughFoog’sGate.Thisisthesteepestpartofthecastleroute.

7.VisitorswillthenenterCrownSquare—alarge,level,pavedarea.

8.ThesurfacearoundSt.Margaret’sChapelandMonsMegiscobbled.TheChapelhasasmallraisedpathwayuptoadoor810mmwide.

9.Visitorsthenexitthecastlevia70stonestepswithahandrail.Staffwillbeavailabletoguideyoubackdownthroughthecastleifthisexitisunsuitableforyou.40.Ifyou’reatSt.Margaret’sChapelandwanttograbadrink,youcanheadtoyour_________.

A．northwestB．northeastC．southwestD．southeast41.Whatcanbeinferredfromtheguidebook?

A．Thosewhobooktheirticketsonlinecanenjoyasmalldiscount.B．VisitorscanexpecttheOneo’clockGuntobefiredallyearround.C．Parentswith2kids(aged15,10)donotqualifyforaFamilyTicket.D．Touristscanenjoyacompletelylevelroutethroughoutthewholevisit.42.Themainpurposeofthispassageisto_________.

A．promotethecastle’scafesandsouvenirshopsB．tellthedramaticstoryofthecastle’spastbattlesC．offertheoverviewofthecastle’sphysicallayoutD．describethehistoricalsignificanceofthecastleOn27September1825,RobertStephensonandCo’sLocomotionNo.1arrivedinStockton,England.Asthefirstrailvehicletocarrypassengers,itwasgreetedwithaseven-gunsaluteandanastonishedcrowd.“Itwasfoundtobequiteimpossibletocontaintheenthusiasmofthecrowd,”reportedajournalist.Thisweekendthecelebrationsarelikelytobeslightlylesswild,asthe200thanniversaryofthepioneeringStocktonandDarlingtonrailwayline(S&DR)ismarked.Buttheywillundoubtedlybeheartfelt.Areplica(复制品)ofthepioneeringengineistorecreatetheoriginaljourney,withviewingticketssoldoutalongtherouteandabigscreenfollowingitsprogressinthetowncentre.Asetofstampsinmemoryoftheeventisbeingissued,whichfeelsappropriatelyoldschool.ThebusinessmenwhoinvestedintheS&DRbackinthe19thcenturyweremotivatedbythefunctionalbenefitsoftransportingcoalmoreefficiently.Buttheirprojecteventuallyunlockedfarwiderhumanpossibilities,transformingthesenseofdistanceandchangingthewaythenationlived.TrainscarriedVictorianworking-classfamiliestotheseasideandback,andreunitedloversonwindsweptplatforms.Crowded20th-centurypassengertrainsranregularlybetweensatellitetownsandcities.Arailwaystationbecamepartoftheidentityofaplace,aswellasapointofdeparturefromit.Thesedaystherailwaysarejourneyingwithdifficultytowardsanewera.Theshort-sightedrailwaycutsofthe1960s,andtheneedless,failedprivatization(私有化)ofthe1990s,wereavoidablepoliticalerrorswhoselegacyisstillfelttoday.Extremelyhigh-ticketpricesandlong-termmismanagementinthenorth,wherethestorybegan,harmthecontemporarynetwork.Asthegovernmentgraduallytakesmoretrainoperatorsbackunderpublicownership,amuch-neededstrategicresetisrequired.Therailindustryshouldbecomeakeyforceofgreensustainablegrowth.Sadly,plansforhigh-speedrailinnorthernEnglandaretobedelayedagain.Thisdoesnotinspireconfidence.Fortrainloversthough,thisweekendisaboutthepastnotthefuture.LocomotionNo.1launchedajourneythatmeantfarmorethantravellingfromAtoB.FromENesbit’sdescriptionofaruralchildhoodtoWHAuden’spoem,thetriphasleftalastingmarkonourliterature.CarnforthinLancashirestillcelebratesitsstation’sroleinthecinemaclassicBriefEncounter,whereatragicromanceisbroughttoaclosebyaguard’swhistle,andtherhythmicsoundofwheelsbeginningtomoveontrack.43.Accordingtothepassage,LocomotionNo.1referredto_________

A．aprojectfoundedbybusinessmenintheVictorianeraB．areplicabuilttocelebratetherailway’s200thanniversaryC．amachinededicatedtocarryingcoaloutmoreefficientlyD．avehiclemarkingthebeginningofpassengertransportbyrail44.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethattheraildevelopment_________

A．holdsculturalsignificancebeyondbeingameansoftransportationB．hasundergoneasuccessfultransitiontomeetmodern-daydemandsC．isfocusingontheconstructionandexpansionofhigh-speedrailnetworksD．hassufferedadeclineduetotheriseofmoresustainabletransportmodes45.TheunderlinedsentenceinParagraph4mostprobablymeans_________

A．decisionsintendedforreformshaveledtolong-lastingdamageB．increasesinticketpriceweremeantforapotentialserviceupgradeC．railwaycutsinthe1960soncethoughtshort-sightedprovenecessaryD．politicalerrorsinthepasthaveendedtherailwaynetworkforgood46.What’stheauthor’sattitudetowardsthechangesintherailwayoverthepasttwocenturies?

A．disappointedbutoptimisticB．hatefulandcriticalC．respectfulyetregretfulD．confidentandadmiringAfricanUnionurgesadoptionofworldmapshowingcontinent’struesizeTheAfricanUnionhassupportedacampaigntostopusingtheMercatorworldmap.The“CorrectTheMap”initiativeurgesgovernmentsandinternationalorganizationstousemapsthatshowthetruesizeofAfrica.47Itmakesareasnearthepoles,suchasNorthAmericaandEurope,appearlarger,whilereducinglandsneartheequatorlikeAfrica.AnditcreatesafalseideaofAfricaaslessimportant,eventhoughitistheworld’ssecond-largestcontinentinbothareaandpopulation.Thisincorrectviewhelpscontinuestereotypes(刻板印象)thataffectinternationalmedia,education,andpolicy.AlthoughcriticismoftheMercatormapisnotnew,thecampaignhasbroughtbackthedebate.48Thiscorrectionisvitalbecause,asMokyMakuraofAfricaNoFilterexplains,Africahaslongbeenpresentedinamisleadingwayonworldmaps.Nevertheless,theMercatormapremainswidelyusedinschoolsandacrossthetechindustry.Thiswidespreaduseisobviousinitsstatusasthestandardmapforcountlesseducationalresources.4950SeeingAfricashownsmalleronworldmapshurtspeople’sprideandharmschildren’sself-image.“WeareworkingtomaketheEqualEarthprojectionthemainmapusedinclassroomsacrossAfrica,”saidFaraNdiaye,co-founderofSpeakUpAfrica.Insupportofthiseducationaleffort,theAfricanUnionwillencouragewideruseofcorrectmapsamongitsmemberstates.

A．TheMercatormap,a16th-centurynavigationtool,misrepresentstheworld’scontinents.B．Besides,theMercatormapscangreatlyinfluencepeople’ssenseofculturalidentity.C．Similarly,itstillservesasthemainworldmaponmanydigitalplatformsandmobileapps.D．However,changingclassroommaterialsalonewon’tfullyaddresspublicmisconceptions.E．Itencouragestheuseofthe2018EqualEarthprojectiontoshowcountries’sizescorrectlyF．Expertsarguemodernmappingtoolshavemadetraditionalworldprojectionslessimportant.五、书面表达51.Directions:Readthefollowingpassage.Summarizethemainideaandthemainpoint(s)ofthepassageinnomorethan60words.Useyourownwordsasfaraspossible.WhatisAI’sRoleinArtCreation?Asartificialintelligenceadvancesacrosscreativefields,aquestionemerges:DopeoplewantAItobecomeanartistorsimplyatoolforartisticcreation?EvidencesuggeststhatwhilethepublicisincreasinglyfamiliarwithAIsystems,theywouldprefertoseeAIsupportinghumancreativityratherthanreplacingit.Akeyreasonliesinthehumandimensionofart.Whenpeoplepicturetheirfavoriteworks,say,VanGogh’sTheStarryNight,whattheyvalueisnotmerelytechnicaldeliverybuttheemotionaldepthtiedtohumanexperience.Inarecentsurvey,over60percentsaidtheywouldvaluetheirfavoriteartworklessiftolditwasAI-produced.Theirresponseshighlightasharedbelief:Peopleseektheimaginativestrugglesandpersonalhistoriesbehindcreativeworks,aqualitymachinescannotgenuinelycopy.Concernsaboutoriginalityandcopyrightstrengthenthisresistance.RespondentscriticizedAIoutputsasunoriginal,seeingthemasmerereflectionsofmodelstrainedonvastquantitiesofhuman-createdmaterials.Thepossibilityofunauthorizeddatauseandunclearartisticownershipfuelsdistrust.TheseworriesrevealwhypeoplehesitatetoviewAI-generatedmaterials-especiallyfilms-asrealart:Itlacksclearauthorshipandtruecrea