初中定语从句专项讲解与练习

定语从句（初中）

在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词，定语从句

一般放在先行词的后面。

二、定语从句的关系词

引导定语从句的关系词有关系代词和关系副词，常见的关系代词包括that,which,who（宾格

whom,所有格whose）等，关系副词包括where,when,why等。关系代词和关系副词放在先行

词及定语从句之间起连接作用，同时又作定语从句的重要成分。

三、定语从句的分类

根据定语从句与先行词的关系，定语从句可分为限制性定语从句及非限制性定语从句。限制性定

语从句紧跟先行词，主句与从句不用逗号分开，从句不可省去，非限制性定语从句主句与从句之间

有逗号分开，起补充说明作用，如省去，意思仍完整。

四、关系代词的用法

1.that既可以用于指人，也可以用于指物。在从句中作主语或宾语。例如：

Marylikesmusicthatisquietandgentle,（that作主语）

Thecoat（that）Iputonthedeskisblue,（that作宾语）

2.which用于指物，在句中作主语或宾语。例如：

Thebuildingwhichstandsnearthetrainstationisasupermarket.（作主语）

Thefilm（which）wesawlastnightwaswonderful.（作宾语）

3.who,whom用于指人，who用作主语，whom用作宾语。在口语中，有时可用v/ho代替

whomo例如：

ThegirlwhooftenhelpsmewithmyEnglishisfromEngland.（作主语）

Whoistheteacher（whom）LiMingistalkingto?（作宾语）

注意：

1）当关系代词在定语从句中充当宾语时，who、that、which可省略，但介词在关系代词前时，

只能用“介词+which/whom”结构（此时关系代词不能用that代替）。例如:

Thisisthehouse（which/that）welivedinlastyear.（可省）

Thisisthehouseinwhichwelivedlastyear.（不可省,关系代词不可用that）

Pleasetellme（whom/that）youborrowedtheEnglishnovelfrom.（可省）

PleasetellmefromwhomyouborrowedtheEnglishnovel.（不可省，关系代词不可用that）

2）关系词只能用that的情况:

a.先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰，或本身是序数词、基数词、形容词最高级时，只

能用that,而不用which.例如;

Hewasthefirstpersonthatpassedtheexam.

ThisisthemostbeautifulplacethatIhavebeento.

b.被修饰的先行词为all.any,much,many,everything,anything,none»theone

等不定代词时，只能用that,而不用which.例如:

Isthereanything（ha（youwanttobuyintheshop?=

Ididn'tunderstandihewordsallthathesaid.

c冼行词被theonly,thevery,thesame,thelast,little,few,no,just等词修饰时，

只能用that,而不用which.例如：

ThisisthesamebikethatIlost.这就是我丢的那辆自行车。

d.先行词里同时含有人或物时，只能用that,而不用which.例如：

IcanrememberwellthepersonsandsomepicturesthatIsawintheroom.

e.以who或which引导的特殊疑问句，为避免重复，只能用ihat.例如：

Whoisthegirlthatiscrying?正在哭泣的那个女孩是谁？

f.主句是therebe结构，修饰主语的定语从句用that,而不用which.例如:

ThereisabookonthedeskthatbelongstoTom,桌子上那本书是汤姆的。

3）关系词只能用which,而不用that的情况：

a.先行词为that,those时，用which,而不用that.例如：

What*sthatwhichisunderthedesk?在桌子底下的那些东西是什么？

b.关系代词前有介词时,一般用which,而不用thal.例如：（同（1））

Thisistheroominwhichhelives,这是他居住的房间。

c.引导非限制性定语从句,用which,而不用that.例如：

Tomcameback,whichmadeushappy.汤姆回来j’,这使我们很高兴。

五、关系副词的用法

（I）when指时间，其先行词表示时间，在句中作时间状语。例如：

Thiswasthetimewhenhearrived.这是他到达的时间。

（2）where指地点，其先行词表示地点，在句中作地点状语。例如：

Thisisplacewhereheworks.这是他工作的地点。

（3）why指原因，其先行词是原因，起原因状语作用。例如：

Nobodyknowsthereasonwhyheisoftenlateforschool.没人知道他为什么上学总迟到。

注意：“介词+which/whom”结构有时可与其他关系代词或关系副词互相转换

Thatisthehousewheremyfatherusedtolive.

=Thatisthehousewhichmymotherusedtolivein.

=Thatisthehouseinwhichmymotherusedtolive.

上句耳」：inwhich=where

六：练习（一）

I.DidyoufindihenotebookJimhadgivenmeformybirthday?

A.whoB.whomC.whichD.whose

2.That'sallIhaveseenandheard.

A.whichB.thatC.whereD.what

3.Haveyouseenthemanplanweweretalkingaboutyesterday?

A.who,themB.its,themC.whose/D.whose,them

4.TheOscarisoneof（hefilmprizesofferedtoanyChineseactororactresssofar.

A.whicharenotB.thathavenotbeenC.thathasnotD.thathasnotbeen

5.Heneverreadsanythingisnotworthreading.

A.thatB.asC.whoD.which

6.Themancoatisblackiswaitingatthegate.

A.who'sB.whoseC.thatD.ofwhich

7.cleanstheclassroomcangohomefirst.

A.AnyoneB.thosewhoC.HoweverD.Theonewho

8.Thepolicecaughtthemanstolemyhandbag.

A.heB.thatC.whomD.which

9.Thegirlisreadingunderthetreemysister.

A.which,isB.whom,wasC.who,isD.who,was

10.GeorgeMallorywasanEnglishteacherlovedclimbing.

A.whoB.whomC.heD.which

11.Don'ttalkaboutsuchthingsofyouarenotsure.

A.whichB.whatC.asD.Those

12.Isthisthefactoryyouvisitedtheotherday?

A.thatB.whereC.inwhichD.theone

13.IsthisfactorysomeforeignfriendsvisitedlastFriday?

A.thatB.whereC.whichD.theone

14.Isthisthefactoryheworkedtenyearsago?

A.thatB.whereC.whichD.theone

15.Thewolveshidthemselvesintheplacescouldn'tbefound.

A.(hatB.whereC.inwhichD.inthat

16.Canyoulendmethenoveltheotherday?

A.ihaiyoutalkedB.youtalkedaboutitC.whichyoutalkedwiihD.youtalkedabout

17.Isthereanythingtoyou?

A.thatisbelongedB.thatbelongsC.thatbelongD.whichbelongs

18.--"Howdoyoulikethebook?”

"It'squitedifferentfrom1readlastmonth.v

A.thatB.whichC.thecneD.theonewhat

19.Theywereinterestedyoutoldthem.

A.inwhichB.inthatC.allthatD.ineverything

20.--Doyouknowthetownatall?

No,thisisthefirsttimeIhere.

A.wasB.havebeenC.cameD.amcoming

初中英语定语从句练习题(二)

1.1stillrememberthenightIfirstcametothehouse.

2.I'llneverforgetthedaywemeteachotherlastweek.

3.MrBlackisgoingtoBeijinginOctober,isthebestseasonthere.

4.1willneverforgetthedaysIspentwithyourfamily.

5.I'llneverforgetthelastdaywespenttogether.

6.ThisistheschoolIusedtostudy.

7.Doyoustillremembertheplacewevisitedlastweek?

8.Doyoustillremembertheplacewevisitedthepaintingexhibition?

9.HaveyoueverbeentoHangzhou,isfamousfor(heWestLake?

10.HaveyoueverbeetoHangzhou,liestheWestLake?

11.TomwillgotoShanghai.livehistwobrothers.

12.1liveinBeijing,isthecapitalofChina.

13.TherewasatimetherewereslavesintheUSA.

14.Itisthethirdtimeyouhavemadethesamemistake.

15.ItwasinthestreetImetJohnyesterday.

16.Itwasabout600yearsagothefirstclockwithafaceandanhourhandwasmade.

17.ThemomentIsawyou,Irecognized（认出）you.

18.Thisistheverynovelaboutwe'vetalkedsomuch.

19.Thisisthewayhedidit.

20.Whoisthesiudemwaslateforschooltoday?

初中英语定语从句练习题【三）

将下列每组句子改写为带有定语从句的复合句。

1.Thenurseisverykind.Shelooksaftermysister.

2.Wewatchedtheplay'"Teahouse”.Theplay“Teahouse”waswrittenbyLaoShe.

3.Themedicinewasquitehelpful.DrLigaveittome.

4.Thetrainstartedat5:00p.m.Mikemissedit.

5.Theletterisfrommyuncle.Ireceiveditthreedaysago.

6.Cream,butterandcheesearekindsoffood.Theymakeyoufal.

7.Themanisinthenextroom.Hebroughtustheletteryesterday.

中考二轮复习一一完形填空专题（讲义）

【知识点睛】

—*、命题特点

题型上来看：越来越降低了对单词本身词义及语法的考查，而注重上下文联系，主要考查学生运用

英语基础知识的能力、上下文对照并捕捉关键词的能力、分析行文逻辑及文章的整体理解能力、结

合语境分析推理的能力等。

体裁上来看：中考完形填空的体裁主要以记叙文为主:，以叙为主，叙议结合，题材新颖。

二、做题步骤

第一步：,。完形填空题是一篇意思完整的短文，准确理解短文是解答此

类题的关键。在做此题时，要跳过空格，将全文快速浏览一遍，特别要留意文章首尾句和每段首尾

句。（对文章内容有一个大概的了解，在阅读时，不需要看到全部的信息，根据部分信息就可以了

解大意。千万不要读一句填一句，因为“完形填空”题里所给的大多数选项填入单句后在语法上都

成立,但从全文看却并非正确答案。）

第二步：,。了解文章大意后便要开始填入所缺部分。在选择答案时,一

定要考虑到上下文的逻辑关系，前后对照，从上下文中找出关键性启示。同时兼顾句子的结构，习

惯用法，固定搭配和词类的功能，先选出比较容易的答案，遇到较难的题，可以跳过本题，继续做

后面的题，完形填空题文章前后、上下多有暗示和线索提示(文章为了使语篇相互衔接及文章的连

贯，有些词会以原词或同义、近义词等形式重复出现在文章中)。

第三步：,O初读初选后，还有一些题目没有思路，此时就要逐句细读，

逐题分析选项、对上一步骤未确定的个别试题多方推敲，把握全局思维，注意前后逻辑(选连词的

空格前后两句可形成指代、列举、因果、对比、让步、补充、递进等逻辑关系)。

第四步：，0初定选项后，很重要的一步就是要将整篇文章再复读一遍。

对答案进行核实调整，清除疏漏。再次迅速复读，对短文的理解会更为深刻，更容易判断有疑点或

误解的地方(这时要注意时态语态、主谓一致、固定搭配等)。

五读法：

I.细读首句，预测主题；

2.跳读全文，领会大意；

3.通读全文，试选答案；

4.细读全文，推敲难题；

5.复读全文，调整答案。

精简步骤：

1.o跳开选项了解信息，初步掌握文章大意。(Imin)

2.o仔细阅读全文，抓住短文的每段、每句作者的思想。(5min)

3.。再次阅读文章，检查答案，是否符合文章逻辑推理。(2min)

三、真题演练

Thegreatestfeelingintheworldcomesnotfromreceivingpresents,orevengettinganAonthemath

testyoustudiedsohardibr.Rather,itIwhenyouhandacupofhotcoffeeto(hatolderman

sittingonthesideofthestreetaskingformoney.Youfeelitwhenyoudriveanhourandahalftoa

2tomeetchildrenwithcancer.Andyoufeelitwhenyousitdownwithyourfriendtocomfort

her3hermotherdied.Helpingotherscanbethegreatestfeelingintheworld,andI4

thisjustoneyearago.

MyfriendaskedmetoattendaYouthGroupmeetingathischurch.Afteranhouroflisteningtothem

5theiropinions,Iwasinvitedtogowiththemtohelp6thehomeless.

EarlythatSaturdaymorning,ateamof15teenagersbeganmakingsandwichesandcountingbagsof

candy.ForthefirsttimeinmylifeIrealizedthatwe,theteensofAmerica,canmakea7.Sinceit

wasmyfirsttime,and1wasn'tpartofthegroup,Ifeltalittleoutofplace.Butwatchingtheothers

8thefooddrovemynervousnessaway.

Beforelong,all15()baggedlunchesweregoneandthegroupwas9itswayhome.I

realizedthatnotonlyismyfriendanamazingperson,butthatallofthosepeopleareamazing.Tliat,swhat

mademejointheYouthGroup.

Iworkatacoffeeshopbutdon'tmakemuch.It'snotthebestjob,buttherearetimeswhenit'sworth

it.Forexample,afewweeksago,whenthestorewas10andIwasbored,lookingoutofthe

window,Inoticedanoldmansittingoutside.Hehadbeentherebefore.Asamatteroffact,he11

cameintobuyanythingbecausehedidn'thaveanymoney.Itookupacupofcoffee,walkedoutside,and

handedittohim.Thesmileonhisfacemademyday,andasIwalkedbackintothestore,Iputmyown

moneyinto(hedrawer.ThenIknewhowthemembersof(heYouthGroupfeeleverytimetheyhelp

someone.Knowingthatyoucanhelpis12-thegreatestfeelingintheworld.

1.A.startsB.stopsC.lastsD.fails

2.A.shopB.churchC.countryD.hospital

3.A.afterB.untilC.thoughD.before

4.A.expectedB.discoveredC.touchedD.offered

5.A.writeB.experienceC.voiceD.discuss

6.A.teachB.encourageC.moveD.feed

7.A.decisionB.successC.dreamD.difference

8.A.takeoutB.pickoutC.handoutD.pointout

9.A.inB.onC.throughD.by

10.A.emptyB.freeC.busyD.crowded

11.A.evenB.usuallyC.neverD.often

12.A.helpfulB.wonderfulC.hopefulD.useful

B

Itwasacoldafternooninwinter.Myoldestson,Stephen,wasatschool,andRccd,myhusband,at

work.My1littleonesweresittingaround(hekitchentable.Tbmwasperfectingapaperplane,

whileSamwas2onanoilpainting.

ButLaura,ouronlydaughter,satquietlyandwas3inherproject.Everyonceinawhileshe

wouldaskhowto4thenameofsomeoneinourfamily,thencarefullyformthelettersoneby

one.Next,shewouldaddflowerswithsmallitems.Shefinishedoffeachwithasunintheupperright

handcorner.Holdingthemateyelevel,sheletoutalongsigh您息）of5.

“Whatareyoudoing,Honey?^^Iasked.Shelookedquicklyatherbrotherbeforelookingbackatme.

"It'sa6shesaid,coveringupherworkwithherhands.

Next,sheputherworkintoabox.Whenshehadfinished,shedisappearedupthestairs.

Itwasn'tuntillaterthateveningthatI7a“mailbox“tapedontothedoorstoeachofour

bedrooms.Therewerelittlenotessayingthatshelovedallofus.Shehadn't8SamorbabyPaul.

Theyarcpagesofcoloredscenesincludingflowerswithhappyfaces."Hecan,treadyct,^^shev/hispered

（低声说），"9hecanlookatthepictures."EachtimeIreceivedoneofmylittlegirl\gifts,it

10myheart.Iwastouchedathowcarefullyshepaidattentiontowhatwronghappenedtous.

WhenStephenlostabaseballgame,therewasalettertellinghimshethoughthewasthebestballplayerin

thewholeworld.AfterIhada11day,therewasamessagethankingmeformyefforts.

Thissamelittlegirlisgrownnow,drivingoffeverydaytothestatecollege,butsomethingsabout

herhave12changed.YesterdayIfoundalovenotenexttomybedside.'"Thanksforalways

beingthereforme,Mom,"itread,"I'mgladthatwe'rethebestfriends.”

Thereareangelsamongus.IknowIlivewithone.

1.A.twoB.threeC.fourD.five

2.A.workingB.gettingC.holdingD.putting

3.A.absentB.lostC.boredD.upsel

4.A.completeB.affordC.spellD.check

5.A.satisfactionB.carefulnessC.tirednessD.regret

6.A.goalB.dreamC.wishD.surprise

7.A.realizedB.noticedC.knewD.predicted

8.A.caredB.rememberedC.followedD.forgotten

9.A.butB.andC.becauseD.so

10.A.deepenedB.frozeC.brokeD.brightened

11.A.boringB.differentC.hardD.crazy

12.A.neverB.alreadyC.everD.Even

C

TakingaNapduring（heDay

MedicalexpertssaymostAmericansdonotgetenoughsleep.TheysaymoreAmericansneedtorest

forashortperiodinthemiddleoftheday,Icontinuingwithotheractivities.

Onestudyearlierthisyearfoundthatpersonswho2forafewminutesduringthedaywere

lesslikelytodieofheartdisease.Thestudy3morethan2,300Greekadultsforaboutsixyears.

Adultswhorestedforhalfanhouratleastthreetimesaweekhada37percent4riskofdying

fromheartdiseasethan（hosewhodidnotnap.

Thestudyorganizerssaidthestrongestevidencewasinworkingmen.Theysaidnapsmightimprove

5bymitigating(减低)tensioncausedbywork.

SomeEuropeanandLatinAmericanbusinesseshavesupportedthe6ofnappingformany

years.Theyurgepeopleto7work,gohomeandhaveanapbeforereturning.In(heUnited

States,somecompaniesletworkersrestbrieflyintheiroffices.Theybelievethisreduces8and

accidents,and9increasestheamountofworkapersoncando.

Sleepexpertssayitislikelythatpeoplemakemoremistakesatworkthanatothertimes.Theysay

peopleshouldnot10importantdutieswhentheyfeelsleepy.Andtheysaythebestthingtodois

totakeanap.Abouttwentyminutesofrestisallyouneed.Expertssaythisprovidesextraenergyandcan

increaseyoureffectiveness11theendoftheday.Butexperts12thatanapshouldlast

nomorethantwentytothirtyminutes.Alongernapwillputthebodyintodeepsleepandwakingupwill

bedifficult.

1.A.asB.whenC.beforeD.after

2.A.laughB.sleepC.walkD.move

3.A.knewB.learnedC.studiedD.followed

4.A.lessB.moreC.lowerD.higher

5.A.lifeB.healthC.thinkingD.ability

6.A.wayB.ideaC.suggestionD.experiment

7.A.leaveB.repeatC.changeD.improve

8.A.workB.timeC.energyD.mistakes

9.A.tooB.alsoC.neverD.seldom

10.A.makeB.bringC.carryoutD.create

11.A.untilB.whileC.unlessD.during

12.A.sayB.thinkC.guessD.warn

D

Assixthgraders,kidswereseparatingintogroups,butIwasn'tsurewhereIbelonged.

Ourteachergaveusataskcalled“secretfriends“forthecomingweek.Weweresupposedtodonice

things1ourfriendswithoutlettingthemknowwhowasdoingit.Wecouldleaveencouraging

notesorcardseitherontheirdesksorintheirbags.Beforedoingthetask,withoureyesclosed,froma

basket,we2anameofaclassmatewhoweweretosecretlybefriendoverthenextfivedays.

Soon,(hetaskwasturnedintoacompetitionofgiving3insteadofnotes.Everyonewas

gettingcoolpresentsexceptme.Myfriendexactly4whattheteacherhadtoldus.SoIreceived

nothingbuthand-madecardswithnicewordsaboutme.

Onthelastmorning,Ifinallygotapackage.WhenI5it,thegirlsaroundall6.It

wasan“oldlady”gift.Myfacewentred.

Itriedtoforgetabouttheshaminggift,butwhenthesamegirls7itagainduringthebreak

in(hebathroom,Ijoinedin,"Howstupid!Mygrandmotherwouldn't8wantil.”Thegirls

laughedatmywordsandwentoutofthebathroom.Washingmyhands,Iletthewaterrunthroughmy

fingers9Ithoughtaboutmywords.Itwasn't10likemetosaythingslikeihai.”

'Tmyoursecretfriend.**