大学英语六级历年真题

篇一：2022年6月大学(dAxuC)英语6级真题(三套全)

2022年6月大学(d3xu6)英语六级考试真题(第一套)PartIIListening

Comprehension(30minutes)

SectionA

1.A)Preparefbrhisexams.B)Catchuponhiswork.

C)Attendtheconcert.D)Goonavacation.

2.A)Threecrewmemberswereinvolvedintheincident.

B)Noneofthehijackerscarriedanydeadlyweapons.

C)TheplanehadbeenscheduledtoflytoJapan.

D)Noneofthepassengerswereinjuredorkilled.

3.A)Anarticleabouttheelection.B)Atediousjobtobedone.

C)Anelectioncampaign.D)Afascinatingtopic.

4.A)Therestaurantwasnotupto(hespeakers'expectations.

B)Therestaurantplacesmanyadsinpopularmagazines.

C)ThecriticthoughthighlyoftheChineserestaurant.

D)Chinatownhasgotthebestrestaurantinthecity.

5.A)Heisgoingtovisithismotherinthehospital.

B)Heisgoingtotakeonanewjobnextweek.

C)Hehasmanythingstodealwithrightnow.

D)Hebehavesinawaynobodyunderstands.

6.A)Alargenumberofstudentsrefusedtovotelastnight.

B)Atleasttwentystudentsareneededtovoteonanissue.

C)Majorcampusissueshadtobediscussedatthemeeting.

D)Morestudentshavetoappeartomaketheirvoiceheard.

7.A)Thewomancanhardlytellwhatshelikes.

B)ThespeakerslikewatchingTVverymuch.

C)Thespeakershavenothing(odobutwatchTV.

D)ThemanseldomwatchedTVbeforeretirement.

8.A)Thewomanshouldhaveretiredearlier.4

B)Hewillhelpthewomansolvetheproblem.

C)Hefindsithardtoagreewithwhatthewomansays.

D)Thewomanwillbeabletoattendtheclassesshewants.

Questions9to12arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.

9.A)Persuadethemantojoinhercompany.B)Employthemostup-to-date

technology.

C)Exportbikestoforeignmarkets.D)Expandtheirdomesticbusiness.

10.A)Thestatesubsidizessmallandmediumenterprises.

B)Thegovernmenthascontroloverbicycleimports.

C)Theycancompetewiththebestdomesticmanufactures.

D)Theyhaveacostadvantageandcanchargehigherprices.

11.A)Extracostsmighteatuptheirprofitsabroad.

B)Moreworkerswillbeneededtodopackaging.

C)Theymightlosetoforeignbikemanufacturers.

D)Itisverydifficulttofindsuitablelocalagents.

12.A)Reporttothemanagement.B)Attractforeigninvestments.

C)Conductafeasibilitystudy.D)Consultfinancialexperts.

Questions13to15arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.

13.A)Coalburntdailyforthecomfortofourhomes.

B)Anythingthatcanbeusedtoproducepower.

C)Fuelrefinedfromoilextractedfromunderground.

D)Electricitythatkeepsallkindsofmachinesrunning.

14.A)Oilwillsoonbereplacedbyalternativeenergysources.

B)Oilreservesintheworldwillbeexhaustedinadecade.

C)Oilconsumptionhasgivenrisetomanyglobalproblems.

D)Oilproductionwillbegintodeclineworldwideby2022.

15.A)Minimizetheuseoffossilfuels.B)Startdevelopingalternativefuels.

C)Findtherealcauseforglobalwarming.D)Takestepstoreducethe

greenhouseeffect.

SectionB

PassageOne

Questions16to18arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.

16.A)Theabilitytopredictfashiontrends.B)Arefinedtasteforartisticworks.

C)Yearsofpracticalcxpcricnce.D)Strictprofessionaltraining.

17.A)PromotingallkindsofAmericanhand-madespecialities.

B)Strengtheningcooperationwithforeigngovernments.

C)Conductingtradeinartworkswithdealersoverseas.

D)Purchasinghandicraftsfromallovertheworld.

18.A)Shehasaccesstofashionablethings.B)Sheisdoingwhatsheenjoys

doing.

C)Shecanenjoylifeonamodestsalary.D)Sheisfreetodowhatevershe

wants.

PassageTwo

Questions19to22arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.

19.A)Joininneighborhoodpatrols.B)Getinvolvedinhiscommunity.

C)Voicehiscomplaintstothecitycouncil.D)Makesuggestionstothelocal

authorities.

20.A)Deteriorationinthequalityoflife.B)Increaseofpolicepatrolsatnight.

C)Renovationofthevacantbuildings.D)Violationofcommunityregulations.

21.A)Theymaytakealongtimetosolve.B)Theyneedassistanceformthe

city.

C)Theyhavetobedealtwithonebyone.D)Theyaretoobigforindividual

efforts.

22.A)Hehadgotsomegroceriesatabigdiscount.

B)Hehadreadafunnyposternearhisseat.

C)Hehaddoneasmalldeedofkindness.

D)Hehadcaughtthebusjustintime.

PassageThree

Questions23to25arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.

23.A)Childhoodandfamilygrowth.B)Pressureanddisease.

C)Familylifeandhealth.D)Stressanddepression.

24.A)Itexperiencedascriesofmisfortunes.B)Itwasintheprocessof

reorganization.

C)Hismotherdiedofasuddenheartattack.D)Hiswifelefthimbecauseofhis

hadtemper.

25.A)Theywouldgivehimatriplebypasssurgery.

B)Theycouldremovetheblockinhisartery.

C)Theycoulddonothingtohelphim.

D)Theywouldtryhardtosavehislife.

SectionC

Whenmostpeoplethinkoftheword“education”,theythinkofapupilasasort

ofanimatesausagecasing.Intothisemptycasting,theteachers(26)stuff

“education.”

Butgenuineeducation,asSocratesknewmorethantwothousandyearsago,is

not(27)thestuffingofinformationintoaperson,butratherelicitingknowledgefrom

him;itisthe(28)ofwhatisinthemind.

“Themostimportantpartofeducation/'oncewroteWilliamErnestHocking,

the(29)Harvardphilosopher,4tisthisinstructionofamaninwhathehasinsideof

him."

And,asEdithHamiltonhasremindedus,Socratesneversaid,“Iknow,learn

frommco“Hesaid,rather,“Lookintoyourownselvesandfindthe(30)ofthe

truththatGodhasputintoeveryheartandthatonlyyoucankindle(点燃(di*n

rdn))toa(31)/z

Inadialogue,Socratestakesanignorantslaveboy,withoutadayof(32),and

provestotheamazedobserversthattheboyreally“knows"geometry一because

theprinciplesofgeometryarealreadyinhismind,waitingtobecalledout.

Somanyofthediscussionsand(33)aboutthecontentofeducationareuseless

andinconclusivebecausethey(34)whatshould"gointo“thestudentratherthan

withwhatshouldbetakenout,andhowthiscanbestbedone.

Thecollegestudentwhooncesaidtome,afteralecture,spendsomuchtime

studyingthatIdon'thaveachancetolearnanything/'wasclearlyexpressinghis(35)

withthesausagecasingviewofeducation.

PartIIIReadingComprehension(40minutes)

Readingcomprehension

SectionA

Innovation,theelixir(灵丹妙药(lingdanmiaoyao))ofprogress,hasalways

costpeopletheirjobs.IntheIndustrialRevolutionhandweaverswere___36___

asidebythemechanicalloom.Overthepast3()yearsthedigitalrevolutionhas

___37___manyofthemid-skilljobsthatunderpinned20th-centurymiddle-classlife.

Typists,ticketagents,banktellersandmanyproduction-linejobshavebeen

dispensedwith,justastheweaverswere.

Forthosewhobelieve:hattechnologicalprogresshasmadethewoildabetter

place,suchdisruptionisanaturalpartofrising___38___.Althoughinnovationkills

somejobs,itcreatesnewandbetterones,asamore___39___societybecomesricher

anditswealthierinhabitantsdemandmoregoodsandservices.Ahundredyearsago

oneinthreeAmericanworkerswas___40___onafarm.Todaylessthan2%ofthem

producefarmorefood.Themillionsfreedfromthelandwerenotrendered___41___,

butfoundbetter-paidworkastheeconomygrewmoresophisticated.Todaythepool

ofsecretarieshas___42___,butthereareevermorecomputerprogrammersandweb

designers.

Optimismremainstherightstarting-point,butforworkersthedislocatingeffects

of

technologymaymake(hemselvesevidentfasterthanits___43___.Evenifnew

jobsandwonderfulproductsemerge,intheshorttermincomegapswillwiden,

causinghugesocialdislocationandperhapsevenchangingpolitics.Technology's

44___willfecilikeatornado(JSM(xuanfcng)),hittingtherichworldfirst,but

___45___sweepingthroughpoorercountriestoo.No

WhytheMonaLisaStandsOut

[A]Haveyoueverfallenforanovelandbeenamazednottofinditonlistsof

greatbooks?Orwalkedaroundasculpturerenownedasaclassic,strugglingtosee

whatthefussisabout?Ifso,you?veprobablyponderedthequestionCuttingasked

himselfthatday:howdoesaworkofartcometobeconsideredgreat?

[B]Theintuitiveansweristhatsomeworksofartarcjustgreat:ofintrinsically

superiorquality.Thepaintingsthatwinprimespotsingalleries,gettaughtinclasses

andreproducedinbooksaretheonesthathaveprovedtheirartisticvalueovertime.

Ifyoucan?tsecthcy?rcsuperior,that?syourproblem.It?sanintimidatinglyneat

explanation.Butsomesocialscientistshavebeenaskingawkwardquestionsofit,

raisingthepossibilitythatartisticcanonsarelittlemorethanfossilisedhistorical

accidents.

[C]Cutting,aprofessoratCornellUniversity,wonderedifapsychological

mechanismknownasthe“mere-exposureeffect，zplayedaroleindecidingwhich

paintingsrisetothetopoftheculturalleague.Cuttingdesignedanexperimenttotest

hishunch.Overalecturecourseheregularlyshowedundergraduatesworksof

impressionismfortwosecondsatatime.Someofthepaintingswerecanonical,

includedinart-historybooks.Otherswerelesserknownbutofcomparablequality.

Thesewereexposedfourtimesasoften.Afterwards,thestudentspreferredthemto

thecanonicalworks,whileacontrolgroupofstudentslikedthecanonicalonesbest.

Cutting?sstudentshadgrowntolikethosepaintingsmoresimplybecausetheyhad

seenthemmore.

ID]Cuttingbelieveshisexperimentoffersaclueastohowcanonsareformed.

Hepointsoutthatthemostreproducedworksofimpressionismtodaytendtohave

beenboughtbyfiveorsixwealthyandinfluentialcollectorsinthelate19thcentury.

Thepreferencesofthesemenbestowedprestigeoncertainworks,whichmadethe

worksmorelikelytobehungingalleriesandprintedinanthologies.Thefamepassed

downtheyears,gainingmomentumfrommereexposureasitdidso.Themore

peoplewereexposedto,themoretheylikedit,andthemoretheylikedit,themoreit

appearedinbooks,onpostersandinbigexhibitions.Meanwhile,academicsand

criticscreatedsophisticatedjustificationsforitspre-eminence.Afterall,it?snotjust

themasseswhotendtoratewhattheyseemoreoftenmorehighly.Ascontemporary

artistslikeWarholandDamienHirsthavegrasped,criticalacclaimisdeeply

entwinedwithpublicity."Scholars”,Cuttingargues,“arenodifferentfromthe

publicintheeffectsofmereexposure.

[E]TheprocessdescribedbyCuttingevokesaprinciplethatthesociologist

DuncanWattscalls^cumulativeadvantagez，:onceathingbecomespopular,itwill

tendtobecomemorepopularstill.

Afewyearsago,Watts,whoisemployedbyMicrosofttostudythedynamicsof

socialnetworks,hadasimilarexperiencetoCuttinginanotherParismuseum.After

queuingtoseethe”Mona

Lisa"initsclimate-controlledbulletproofboxattheLouvre,hecameaway

puzzled:whywasitconsideredsosuperiortothethreeotherLeonardosinthe

previouschamber,towhichnobodyseemedtobepayingtheslightestattention?

[F]WhenWattslookedintothehistoryof“thegreatestpaintingofalltime”,he

discoveredthat,fbrmostofitslife,the“MonaLisa“remainedinrelativeobscurity.

Inthe1850s,LeonardodaVinciwasconsiderednomatchforgiantsofRenaissance

artlikeTitianandRaphael,whoseworkswereworthalmosttentimesasmuchasthe

“MonaLisa”.Itwasonlyinthe20thcenturythatLeonardo?sportraitofhis

patron?swiferocketedto（henumber-onespot.Whatpropelledittherewasn?ta

scholarlyrc-evaluation,butatheft.

[G]In1911amaintenanceworkerattheLouvrewalkedoutofthemuseumwith

the"MonaLisa“hiddenunderhissmock.Parisianswereaghastatthetheftofa

paintingtowhich,untilthen,theyhadpaidlittleattention.Whenthemuseum

reopened,peoplequeuedtoseethegapwherethe“MonaLisa"hadoncehungina

waytheyhadneverdonefbrthepaintingitself.Fromthenon,the“MonaLisa”

cametorepresentWesterncultureitself.

[H]Althoughmanyhavetried,itdoesseemimprobablethatthepainting?s

uniquestatuscanbeattributedentirelytothequalityofitsbrushstrokes.Ithasbeen

saidthatthesubject?seyesfollowthevieweraroundtheroom.Butasthepainting?s

biographer,DonaldSassoon,drylynotes,4inrealitytheeffectcanbeobtainedfrom

anyportrait/'DuncanWattsproposesthatthe“MonaLisa"ismerelyanextreme

exampleofageneralrule.Paintings,poemsandpopsongsarebuoyedorsunkby

randomeventsorpreferencesthatturnintowavesofinfluence,ripplingdownthe

generations.

[I]"Sayingthatculturalobjectshavevalue,“BrianEnooncewrote,uislike

sayingthattelephoneshaveconversations/7Nearlyalltheculturalobjectswe

consumearrivewrappedininheritedopinion;ourpreferencesarealways,tosome

extent,someoneclsc?s.Visitorstothe“MonaLisa“knowtheyarcabouttovisitthe

greatestworkofarteverandcomeawayappropriatelyimpressed—orletdown.An

audienceataperformanceof“Hamlet"knowitisregardedasaworkofgenius,so

thatiswhattheymostlysee.Wattsevencallsthepre-eminenceofShakespearea

“historicalaccident.

[J]Althoughtherigidhigh-lowdistinctionfellapartinthe1960s,westilluse

cultureasabadgeofidentity.Today?sfashionforeclecticism一"IloveBach,Abba

andJayZ”—is,ShamusKhan,aColumbiaUniversitypsychologist,argues,anew

wayforthemiddleclasstodistinguishthemselvesfromwhattheyperceivetobethe

narrowtastesofthosebeneaththeminthesocialhierarchy.

IK]Theintrinsicqualityofaworkofartisstarlingtoseemlikeitsleast

importantattribute.Butperhapsit?smoresignificantthanoursocialscientistsallow.

Firstofall,aworkneedsacertainqualitytobeeligibletobeswepttothetopofthe

pile.The“MonaLisa“maynotbeaworthyworldchampion,butitwasinthe

Louvreinthefirstplace,andnotbyaccident.Secondly,somestuffissimplybetter

thanotherstuff.Read“Hamlet“afterreadingeventhegreatestofShakespeare?s

contemporaries,andthedifferencemaystrikeyouasunarguable.

[L]AstudyintheBritishJournalofAestheticssuggeststhattheexposureeffect

doesn?tworkthesamewayoneverything,andpointstoadifferentconclusionabout

howcanonsareformed.Thesocialscientistsarerighttosaythatweshouldbealittle

skepticalofgreatness,andthatweshouldalwayslookinthenextroom.Greatartand

mediocritycangetconfused,evenbyexperts.Butthat?swhyweneedtosee,and

read,asmuchaswecan.Themorewe?reexposedtothegood

篇二：2022年6月英语六级翻译真题答案（弘布）汇总

2022年6月英语六级翻译（flnyi）真题答案汇总

试卷一：中国（zh6ng9u6）宴席

题目（dm。）：

中国传统的待客之道要求饭菜丰富多样，让客人吃不完。中国宴席上典型

的菜单包括开席（k云ixi）的一套凉菜及其后的热菜，例如肉类、鸡鸭、蔬菜等。

大多数宴席上，全鱼被认为是必不可少的，除非己经上过各式海鲜。如今，中

国人喜欢把西方特色菜与传统中式菜肴融于一席，因此牛排上桌也不少见。沙

拉也已流行起来，尽管传统上中国人一般不吃任何未经烹饪的菜肴。宴席通常

至少有一道汤，可以最先上或最后上桌。甜点和水果通常标志宴席的完毕。

参考答案：

ThetraditionalChinesehospitalityrequiresfooddiversity,sothatguestswillbe

fullbeforeeatingupallthedishes.AtypicalChinesebanquetmenuincludescold

dishesservedatthebeginning,followedbyhotdishes,suchasmeat,poultry,

vegetables,etc.Atmostbanquets,thewholefishisconsideredtobeessential,unless

variouskindsofseafoodhavebeenservedalready.Today,Chinesepeoplewouldlike

tocombineWuslunispcuiahicswiihiradilionalChinesedislics.TlitreToru,itisnot

raretoseesteakbeingservedaswell.Saladisgainingpopularity,although

traditionallytheChinesepeoplegenerallydonoteatanyfoodwithoutcooking.There

isusuallyatleastabowlofsoup,servedatthebeginningorintheendofthedinner

party.Dessertsandfruitusuallymarktheendofthefeast.

【重点(zhdngdi和)词汇总结］

待客之道hospitality

中国(zhGng9u6)宴席Chinesebanquet

菜单(cAidan)menu

开席(k&ixi)openseats

凉菜(lihngc鱼i)colddishes

热菜hotfood

全鱼awholefish

海鲜seafood

特色菜specialty

传统中式菜肴traditionalChinesedishes

牛排thesteak

沙拉salad

烹饪cooking

一道汤asoup

甜点thedessert

试卷二：中国城市化

题目：

2022年是中国城市化(urbanization)进程中的历史性时刻，其城市人口首

次超过农村人口。在将来20年里，预计有3.5亿农村人口将移居城市。如此规

模的城市发

展对城市交通来说既是挑战，也是机遇。中国政府一直提倡“以人为本”

的开展理念，强调人们以公交而不是私家车出行。它还号召建立“资源节约和

环境友好型〃社会。有了这个明确的目的，中国城市就可以更好地规划其开

展，并把大量投资转向平安、清洁和经济型交通系统的开展上。

参考答案：

The2022isahistoricmomentinChineseurbanizationprocess,whentheurban

populationsurpassedtheruralpopulationforthefirsttime.Duringthenext20years,

itisestimatedthatabout350millionruralpopulationwillmovetocities.Suchlarge-

scaleofurbanizationisbothachallengeandanopportunitytotheurbantraffic.The

Chinesegovernmenthasalwaysbeenadvocating“people-crienled"developing

concept,emphasizingthatpeopleshouldtravelbybusesinsteadofbyprivatecars.It

alsocallsfortheconstructionof''resourcesavingandenvironmentfriendlysociety.

Withthisexplicitgoal,Chinacanhaveabetter-plannedurbanizationprocess,and

thereforedivertmoreinvestmenttothedevelopmentofsafe,cleanandeconomical

transportationsystem.

［重点词汇(cfhul)总结］

城市化urbanization

进程(jinch6ng)process

历史性时亥!J(shfl0)ahistoricmoment

城市(chCngshi)人口theurbanpopulation

农方寸(ndngciin)人口theruralpopulation

超过surpass

预计itisestimatedthat

移居城市movetocities

(大)规模large-scale

城市交通theurbantraffic

提倡advocate

"以人为本"people-oriented

强调emphasize

私家车privatecars

“资源节约和环境友好型"resourcesavingandenvironmentfriendly

明确的目的explicitgoal

转向divert

平安、清洁和经济型交通系统safe,cleanandeconomicaltransportation

system

试卷三：汉朝

题目：

汉朝是中国历史上最重要的朝代之一，汉朝统治期间有很多显著的成就。

它最先向其他文化敞开大门，对外贸易兴隆。汉朝开拓的丝绸之路通向了中西

亚乃至罗马。各类艺术一派繁荣，涌现了很多文学历史哲学巨著公元100年中

国第一部字典编撰完成，收入9000个字，提供释义并列举不同的写法。期间

科技方面也获得很大进步。创造纸张水中日辱(sundials),以及测量地震的仪

器。汉朝经历了四百年，但统治者的腐败导致了它的灭亡。

参考答案：

TheHanDynastyisoneofthemostsignificantdynastiesinthehistoryofChina

anditattainedlotsofremarkableachievementsduring(hereign.TheHanDynastyis

thefirstinopeningitsdoor:oothercultures,withtheforeigntradeprosperous.The

SilkRoadexploitedinHanDynastyleadtothecentralandwestpartofAsia,even

Rome.Theschoolsofartalsopresentastateofflourish,springinguplotsof

monumentalworksinliterature,historyandphilosophy.ThefirstdictionaryinChina

wascompiledandfinishedin100A.D.,whichnotonlycontainsninethousand

Chinesecharacters,butalsooffersparaphrasesandexamplesofdifferentwriting

skills.Scienceandtechnologyalsomademuchprogressduringthisperiod.People

inventedwalerclock,sundialsandtheinstrumentsthatcanpredicttheearthquake.

TheHanDynastywitnessedfourhundredyearsandwenttodoombecauseof

governors'decadent.

【重点(zh6ngdian)词汇总结］

汉朝TheHanDynasty

统治(tbngzhi)reign

显著(xianzhU)的remarkable

对外贸易(duiw沆-m易yi)foreigntrade

兴隆(xTngw豆ng)prosperity

开拓exploit

丝绸之路theSilkRoad

罗马Rome

艺术流派schoolsofart

巨著monumentalwork

编撰compile

释义par叩hrase

水钟waterclock

腐朽decadent

灭亡doom

篇三：1995-2022历年大学英语六级真题及答案(完好版)(免费下载)

PartIWriting(30minutes)

Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteashortessay

entitledTheImportanceofReadingClassics.Yonshouldwriteatleast15()words

followingtheoutlinegivenbelow.

1.阅读经典书籍对人的成长至关重要

2.如今愿意阅读经典的人却越来越少，原因是？

3.我们大学生应该怎么做

TheImportanceofReadingClassics

PartIIReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)(15minutes)

Directions:Inthispart,youwillhave15minutestogooverthepassagequickly

andanswerthequestionsonAnswerSheet1.

Forquestions1-4,mark

Y(forYES)ifthestatementagreeswiththeinformationgiveninthepassage;N

(forNO)ifstatementcontradictstheinformationgiveninthepassage;NG(forNOT

GIVEN)iftheinformationisnotgiveninthepassage.

Forquestions5-10,completethesentenceswiththeinformationgiveninthe

passage.SpaceTourism

Makeyourreservationsnow.Thespacetourismindustryisofficiallyopenfor

business,andticketsaregoingforamereS20millionforaone-weekstayinspace.

DespitereluctancefromNationalAirandSpaceAdministration(NASA),Russia

madeAmericanbusinessmanDennisTitotheworld'sfirstspacetourist.Titoflew

intospaceaboardaRussianSoyuzrocketthatarrivedattheInternationalSpace

Station(ISS)onApril30,2001.Thesecondspacetourist.SouthAfricanbusinessman

MarkShuttleworth,lookoffaboardtheRussianSoyuzonApril25,2002,alsobound

fortheISS.

LanceBassof?NSyncwassupposedtobethethirdtomakethe$20milliontrip,

buthedidnotjointhethree-mancrewastheyblastedoffonOctober30,2002,dueto

lackofpayment.Probablythemostincredibleaspectofthisproposedspacetourwas

thatNASAapprovedofit.

Thesetripsarethebeginningofwhatcouldbeaprofitable21stcenturyindustry.

Therearcalreadyseveralspacetourismcompaniesplanningtobuildsuborbital

vehiclesandorbitalcitieswithinthenexttwodecades.Thesecompanieshave

investedmillions,believingthatthespacetourismindustryisonthevergeoftaking

off.

In1997,NASApublishedareportconcludingthatsellingtripsintospaceto

privatecitizenscouldbeworthbillionsofdollars.AJapanesereportsupportsthese

findings,andprojectsthatspacetourismcouldbea$10billionperyearindustry

withinthenexttwodecades.Theonlyobstaclestoopeningupspacetotouristsare

thespaceagencies,whoareconcernedwithsafetyandthedevelopmentofareliable,

reusablelaunchvehicle.

SpaceAccommodations

Russia'sMirspacestationwassupposedtobethefirstdestinationfbrspace

tourists.ButinMarch2001.theRussianAerospaceAgencybroughtMirdowninto

thePacificOcean.Asitturnedout,bringingdownMironlytemporarilydelayedthe

firsttouristtripintospace.

TheMircrashdidcancelplansforanewreality-basedgameshowfromNBC,

whichwasgoingtobecalledDestinationMir.TheSurvivor-1ikeTVshowwas

scheduledtoairinfall2（X）1,Participantsontheshowweretogothroughtrainingat

Russia'scosmonaut（宇航员）trainingcenter,StarCity.Eachweek,oneofthe

participantswouldbeeliminatedfromtheshow,withihewinnerreceivingatriplo

theMirspacestation.TheMircrashhasruledoutNBC'sspaceplansfbrnow.NASA

isagainstbeginningspacetourismuntiltheInternationalSpaceStationiscompleted

in2022.Russiaisnotaloneinitsinterestinspacetourism.Thereareseveralprojects

underwaytocommercializespacetravel.Hereareafewofthegroupsthatmighttake

touriststospace:

?SpaceIslandGroupisgoingtobuildaring-shaped,rotating—commercial

spaceinfrastructure（根底（jlch。）构造）IIthatwillresembletheDiscoveryspacecraft

inthemovie-2001:ASpaceOdyssey.IISpaceIslandsaysitwillbuilditsspace

cityoutofemptyNASAspace-shuttlefueltanks（tostart,itshouldtakearound12or

so）,andplaceitabout400milesaboveEarth.Thespacecitywillrotateonceper

minutetocreateagravitationalpullone-thirdasstrongasEarth's.

?Accordingtotheirvisionstatement.SpaceAdventuresplansto-flytensof

thousandofpeopleinspaceoverthenext10-15yearsandbeyond,aroundthemoon,

andback,fromspaceportsbothonEarthandinspace,toandfromprivatespace

stations,andboarddozenofdifferentvehicles...II

?EvenHiltonHotelshasshowninterestinthespacetourismindustryand

possibilityofbuildingorco-fundingaspacehotel.However,thecompanydidsay

thatitbelievessuchaspacehotelis15to20yearsaway.

Initially,spacetourismwilloffersimpleaccommodationsatbest.Forinstance,

iftheInternationalSpaceStationisusedasatouristattraction,guestswon'tfindthe

luxurioussurroundingsofahotelroomonEarth.Ithasbeendesignedforconducting

research,notentertainment.However,thefirstgenerationofspacehotelsshouldoffer

touristsamuchmorecomfortableexperience.

InregardtoaconceptforaspacehotelinitiallyplannedbySpaceIsland,sucha

hotelcouldofferguestseveryconveniencetheymightfindatahotelonEarth,and

sometheymightnot.Thesmallgravitationalpullcreatedbytherotatingspacecity

wouldallowspace-touristsandresidentstowalkaroundandfunctionfacilitieswould

bepossible.Additionally,spacetouristswouldevenbeabletotakespacewalks.

Manyofthesecompaniesbelieve(hattheyhavetoofferanextremelyenjoyable

experienceinorderforpassengerstopaythousands,ifnotmillions,ofdollarstoride

intospace.Sowillspacecreateanotherseparationbetweenthehavesandhave-nots?

TheMostExpensiveVacation

Willspacebeanexoticretreatreservedforonlythewealthy?Orwillmiddle­

classfolkshaveachancetotaketheirfamiliestospace?Makenomistakeaboutit,

goingtospacewillbethemostexpensivevacationyouevertake.Pricesrightnow

arcinthe

tensofmillionsofdollars.Currently,theonlyvehiclesthatcanlakeyouinto

spacearethespaceshuttleandtheRussianSoyuz,bothofwhichareterribly

inefficient.Eachspacecraftrequiresmillionsofpoundsoffueltotakeoffintospace,

whichmakesthemexpensivetolaunch.Onepoundofpayload(有效(ybuxiAo)载重)

costsabout$10,000toputintoEarth'sorbit.

NASAandLockheedMartinarecurrentlydevelopingasingle-stage-to-orbit

launchspaceplane,calledtheVenturcStar,thatcouldbelaunchedforaboutatenthof

whatthespaceshuttlecoststolaunch.IftheVentureStartakesoff,thenumberof

peoplewhocouldaffordtotakea(ripintospacewouldmoveintothemillions.

In1998,ajointreportfromNASAandtheSpaceTransportationAssociation

statedthatimprovementsintechnologycouldpushfaresforspacetravelaslowas

$50,00