人教版八年级英语下册各单元知识点

人教版八年级英语下册各单元知识点同学们，八年级下册的英语学习是在七年级和八年级上册基础上的深化与拓展，对语言综合运用能力提出了更高要求。这份知识点梳理旨在帮助大家系统回顾各单元核心内容，夯实基础，提升运用能力。请结合课本和课堂笔记，将这些知识点内化为自己的语言技能。Unit1What'sthematter?本单元围绕“健康与事故”展开，核心在于学习如何描述身体不适、意外状况，并能给出相应的建议或急救常识。核心词汇与短语*身体部位：head,neck,stomach,knee,foot(feet),tooth(teeth),throat,back,arm,leg*病症与不适：ache(headache,stomachache),sore(sorethroat,soreback),hurt,fever,cold,cough,toothache,stomachache,nausea,dizzy,cut,bleeding,wound*动作与处理：liedown,rest,drink(somehotteawithhoney),take(one'stemperature),seeadoctor/dentist,getanX-ray,putsomemedicineon...,bandage,clean*常用短语：haveacold,haveafever,haveaheadache,haveatoothache,haveasorethroat,haveastomachache,liedownandrest,drinklotsofwater,takesomemedicine,feelbetter,getbetter,what'sthematter(with...)?,what'swrong(with...)?,noproblem核心句型与语法1.询问健康状况：*What'sthematter(withyou/him/her)?*What'swrong(withyou/him/her)?*Whathappened(toyou/him/her)?*AreyouOK?2.描述健康问题：*Ihaveaheadache/toothache/stomachache/sorethroat.*Mybackhurts./Hehurthisleg.*Shehasafever./Hehasacold.*Icutmyself.3.给出建议：*Youshould/shouldn't+动词原形.(Youshouldliedownandrest.Youshouldn'teattoomuchcandy.)*Whydon'tyou/Whynot+动词原形?(Whydon'tyouseeadentist?)*You'dbetter(not)+动词原形.(You'dbettergotothehospital.)4.情态动词should/shouldn't：主要用于提出建议、表达责任或义务。话题与功能意念*功能：描述身体状况、谈论健康问题、提供建议、表达关心。*语用：学会在不同情境下恰当地询问他人健康，并能给出合理的建议，同时了解基本的急救常识表达。学习建议*将身体部位与相应的病症联系起来记忆，形成知识网络。*多进行情景对话练习，模拟生病就医、意外求助等场景。*注意should提出建议时的语气，以及不同建议句型的转换。Unit2I'llhelptocleanupthecityparks.本单元聚焦“志愿服务与社区”，学习如何谈论志愿活动、表达个人能力与意愿，并理解奉献精神的价值。核心词汇与短语*形容词与副词：lonely,happy,sad,excited,helpful,kind,generous,freely,willingly核心句型与语法1.谈论志愿意愿与计划：*I'dliketo/Iwantto/Ihopeto+动词原形.(I'dliketohelpcleanuptheparks.)*I'll+动词原形.(I'llvisittheoldpeople'shomethisweekend.)*I'mgoingto+动词原形.(I'mgoingtocheerupthechildren.)2.表达能力：*Ican/can't+动词原形.(Icansingsongsfortheoldpeople.)*I'mgoodat+V-ing.(I'mgoodattellingstories.)*I'mableto+动词原形.(I'mabletohelpthemwiththeirhomework.)3.提建议与回应：*Let's+动词原形.(Let'ssetupabooksale.)*Howabout/Whatabout+V-ing?(Howaboutcallingupmorestudents?)4.动词不定式：本单元重点学习不定式作宾语、状语（目的）等用法。*Wanttodosth.,hopetodosth.,decidetodosth.,plantodosth.*To+动词原形(表目的).(Shecameheretohelpus.)话题与功能意念*功能：谈论志愿活动、表达个人意愿与能力、提出计划与建议、描述助人行为。*语用：学会用英语组织和讨论志愿活动，理解参与社会服务的意义。学习建议*重点记忆和区分本单元出现的大量短语动词，通过例句和情景来理解其含义和用法。*思考自己能为社区或他人做些什么，用所学句型描述自己的志愿计划。*关注动词不定式的不同用法，特别是在表达目的时的运用。Unit3Couldyoupleasecleanyourroom?本单元围绕“家务与责任”展开，核心是学习如何礼貌地提出请求、寻求帮助以及回应请求，同时探讨家庭责任的分配。核心词汇与短语*家务劳动：dochores,dothedishes,cleantheroom,sweepthefloor,takeouttherubbish,makethebed,foldtheclothes,cleanthelivingroom,washtheclothes,cookmeals,watertheplants,takecareofthepet*请求与回应：could,can,may,please,sure,certainly,ofcourse,noproblem,sorry,Ican't,Ihaveto...*其他：mess,rubbish,floor,dish,chore,responsibility,fair,unfair,dependon,develop,independence,takecareof,lookafter*常用短语：dothedishes,takeouttherubbish,makethebed,foldtheclothes,sweepthefloor,cleanthelivingroom,gooutfordinner,stayoutlate,getaride,helpoutwith,atleast,inorderto,dependon,takecareof核心句型与语法1.礼貌提出请求(Couldyouplease...?)：*Couldyouplease(not)+动词原形...?(Couldyoupleasecleanyourroom?Couldyoupleasenotsmokehere?)*肯定回答：Sure./Certainly./Ofcourse./Noproblem.*否定回答：Sorry,Ican't.Ihaveto.../I'mgoingto...2.寻求许可(CouldI...?)：*CouldI+动词原形...?(CouldIgooutwithmyfriends?CouldIborrowyourpen?)*肯定回答：Sure./Yes,youcan.*否定回答：Sorry,youcan't.Youhaveto...3.谈论义务与责任：*Ihaveto/must+动词原形.(Ihavetodomyhomeworkfirst.)*Idon'thaveto/needn't+动词原形.(Youdon'thavetoworryaboutit.)4.情态动词could的用法：用于委婉请求或寻求许可，语气比can更客气。5.make与let的用法：*makesb.dosth.(Mymommakesmecleanmyroomeveryday.)*letsb.dosth.(Letmehelpyou.)话题与功能意念*功能：提出请求、寻求许可、表达义务、谈论家务分配。*语用：学会在家庭生活中使用礼貌得体的语言进行交流，理解分担家务的重要性。学习建议*掌握Couldyouplease...?和CouldI...?的句型结构及其肯定、否定回答方式，并在实际生活中运用。*区分haveto和must表达“必须”时的细微差别，以及don'thaveto和mustn't的含义。*讨论家庭成员各自承担的家务，用所学词汇和句型进行描述和交流。Unit4Whydon'tyoutalktoyourparents?本单元聚焦“人际交往与问题解决”，核心在于学习如何谈论生活中遇到的问题（尤其是青少年常见的烦恼）、表达感受，并能给出合理的建议与解决方案。核心词汇与短语*感受与情绪：nervous,stressedout,upset,angry,sad,worried,lonely,anxious,frustrated,happy,relaxed核心句型与语法1.谈论问题与烦恼：*Ihaveaproblem./I'mhavingtroublewith...(Ihaveaproblemwithmybestfriend.I'mhavingtroublestudyingmath.)*Myparentsdon'tallowmeto...(Myparentsdon'tallowmetowatchTVonschoolnights.)*Igotintoafightwith...(Igotintoafightwithmybrother.)*I'mstressedoutbecause...(I'mstressedoutbecauseofthebigexam.)2.提出建议(Whydon'tyou...?/Whatabout...?/Youshould.../Maybeyoucould...)：*Whydon'tyou+动词原形...?(Whydon'tyoutalktoyourparentsaboutit?)*Whatabout/Howabout+V-ing...?(Whataboutwritinghimaletter?)*Youshould/shouldn't+动词原形...(Youshouldsaysorryfirst.Youshouldn'tstayuplate.)*Maybeyoucould+动词原形...(Maybeyoucouldaskyourteacherforhelp.)3.直接引语与间接引语（初步接触）：了解如何将他人的直接话语转述为间接表达。*Shesaid,"Iamangry."→Shesaid(that)shewasangry.*Heasked,"Canyouhelpme?"→HeaskedifIcouldhelphim.(此点在后续单元会详细学习)4.连词because,so,although/though：*because引导原因状语从句。*so引导结果状语从句（注意与because不能同时使用）。*although/though引导让步状语从句（注意与but不能同时使用）。话题与功能意念*功能：描述问题、表达情绪、提出建议、给予安慰。*语用：学会倾听他人烦恼，并运用恰当的语言提供帮助和建议，理解有效沟通在解决问题中的重要性。学习建议*熟练掌握并灵活运用各种提建议的句型，注意它们之间语气的细微差别。*学会用不同的词汇表达自己的情绪和感受，并理解他人的情绪。*尝试分析自己或身边同学遇到的实际问题，运用所学句型进行模拟对话，寻找解决方案。Unit5Whatwereyoudoingwhentherainstormcame?本单元围绕“过去的事件与经历”，核心是学习过去进行时，并能运用该时态描述过去某个特定时间正在发生的动作，以及它与另一个过去动作的关系。核心词汇与短语*天气与自然灾害：rainstorm,storm,wind,rain,snow,sunshine,cloud,fog,lightning,thunder,earthquake,accident,fire*时间表达与连接词：atthattime,at8o'clocklastnight,when,while,as,then,suddenly,first,next,finally*常用短语：atthetimeof,gooff,pickup(thephone),fallasleep,diedown,wakeup,insilence,takedown,havealook,makesure,beatagainst,falldown,breakapart,intimesofdifficulty,bythesideoftheroad,walkby核心句型与语法1.过去进行时的构成与用法：*构成：主语+was/were+V-ing*用法：表示过去某个特定时间点或时间段正在进行的动作。*时间标志：at8o'clocklastnight,thistimeyesterday,when/while引导的时间状语从句等。2.when与while的用法与区别：*when引导的从句中，动词可以是延续性的，也可以是非延续性的。主句动作和从句动作可以同时发生，也可以从句动作先于主句动作。*WhenIgothome,mymotherwascooking.(got是非延续性动词，先发生；wascooking是延续性动词，当时正在进行)*Iwasreadingwhenthephonerang.(rang是非延续性动词，打断了reading这个延续性动作)*while引导的从句中，动词通常是延续性的，强调主句动作和从句动作同时进行。*Whilemymotherwascooking,Iwasdoingmyhomework.(两个延续性动作同时进行)*WhileIwasreading,thephonerang.(rang是非延续性动词，此时while可与when互换)*表达“当A正在做某事时，B发生了”的常用结构：*IwasdoingAwhenBhappened.*WhileIwasdoingA,Bhappened.3.过去进行时与一般过去时的连用：通常是一个长动作（过去进行时）被一个短动作（一般过去时）打断。话题与功能意念*功能：描述过去某个时刻正在发生的事情，叙述过去发生的一连串事件，特别是突发事件。*语用：学