2026年英语能力测试托福与雅思阅读理解题库

2026年英语能力测试：托福与雅思阅读理解题库Part1:MultipleChoiceQuestions(TCO)说明：每题3分，共10题。Question1(3points):Theglobaltourismindustryhasbeensignificantlyimpactedbytheriseofdigitalplatforms.Accordingtoa2025reportbytheWorldTourismOrganization(UNWTO),onlinebookingsnowaccountforover60%ofallinternationaltravelarrangements.Thisshifthastransformedthewaytravelersresearch,book,andexperiencedestinations.Traditionaltravelagencieshavefacedincreasedcompetitionfromagilestartupsofferingpersonalizeditinerariesandcompetitivepricing.Meanwhile,destinationmarketingorganizations(DMOs)havehadtoadaptbyleveragingsocialmediaandinfluencerpartnershipstoattractvisitors.Despitethesechanges,theindustryremainshighlyvulnerabletogeopoliticaltensionsandhealthcrises,whichcanabruptlydisrupttraveldemand.Whichofthefollowingstatementsisbestsupportedbythepassage?A)Traditionaltravelagencieshavecompletelylosttheirmarketsharetodigitalplatforms.B)Socialmediaandinfluencerpartnershipsaretheprimarydriversofincreasedtourism.C)Thetourismindustry’srelianceondigitalplatformshasmadeitmoreresilienttodisruptions.D)Geopoliticaltensionsandhealthcriseshavebeenthemostsignificantchallengesfortheindustry.Answer:D)Geopoliticaltensionsandhealthcriseshavebeenthemostsignificantchallengesfortheindustry.Explanation:Thepassageexplicitlymentionsthatthetourismindustryis"highlyvulnerabletogeopoliticaltensionsandhealthcrises,whichcanabruptlydisrupttraveldemand."ThisdirectlysupportsoptionD.OptionAisincorrectbecausethepassagestatesthattraditionalagenciesstillfacecompetitionbuthavenotbeen"completelylost."OptionBisunsupported,asthepassagedoesnotclaimthesefactorsarethe"primarydrivers."OptionCcontradictsthepassage,whichhighlightstheindustry’svulnerabilityratherthanresilience.Question2(3points):Inrecentyears,urbanagriculturehasgainedtractionasasustainablesolutiontofoodsecuritychallengesindenselypopulatedcities.Communitygardens,verticalfarms,androoftopgreenhousesareincreasinglybeingintegratedintourbanplanning.Theseinitiativesnotonlyprovidefreshproducebutalsoimproveairquality,creategreenjobs,andenhancecommunityengagement.However,scalabilityremainsamajorhurdle.Manyurbanagricultureprojectsstrugglewithhighinfrastructurecosts,limitedlandavailability,andinconsistentpoliciessupportingtheirexpansion.Advancesintechnology,suchashydroponicsystemsandautomatedplanting,haveshownpromiseinovercomingsomeofthesebarriers.Still,widespreadadoptionrequirescollaborationbetweengovernments,businesses,andlocalresidents.Whatisthemainchallengehighlightedforthefuturegrowthofurbanagriculture?A)Lackofconsumerdemandforurban-grownproduce.B)Insufficienttechnologicalinnovationstosupportlarge-scaleoperations.C)Inconsistentgovernmentpoliciesandfunding.D)Difficultyinintegratingurbanagricultureintoexistingurbanlandscapes.Answer:C)Inconsistentgovernmentpoliciesandfunding.Explanation:Thepassagenotesthat"scalabilityremainsamajorhurdle"andspecificallymentions"highinfrastructurecosts,limitedlandavailability,andinconsistentpoliciessupportingtheirexpansion."Whiletechnologicaladvancementsarediscussed,thetextemphasizesthat"widespreadadoptionrequirescollaborationbetweengovernments,businesses,andlocalresidents,"suggestingpolicyandfundinggapsarecriticalbarriers.OptionAisunsupported;thepassagedoesnotaddressconsumerdemand.OptionBispartiallytruebutnottheprimaryfocus,asthetexthighlightspolicyasakeychallenge.OptionDismentionedbutnotpresentedasthemainobstacle.Question3(3points):Theriseofremoteworkhasreshapedthegloballabormarket,withcompaniesincreasinglyadoptingflexibleworkarrangements.A2024surveybyMcKinsey&Companyfoundthat75%ofemployeesindevelopedeconomiesnowhavetheoptiontoworkremotelyatleastpart-time.Thisshifthasbroughtbothopportunitiesandchallenges.Onthepositiveside,remoteworkhasreducedcommutingtimes,improvedwork-lifebalanceformany,andallowedcompaniestotapintoaglobaltalentpool.However,ithasalsoraisedconcernsaboutworkisolation,mentalhealth,andthedigitaldivideamongworkers.Employersarenowexperimentingwithhybridmodelstoaddresstheseissues,butthelong-termimpactsonproductivityandorganizationalcultureremainuncertain.Whichofthefollowingisanunintendedconsequenceofremotework?A)Increasedproductivityduetofewerdistractionsinhomeenvironments.B)Higheremployeeretentionratesasworkerspreferflexibility.C)Potentialforreducedwork-lifebalanceandisolation.D)Greaterdiversityinhiringpoolsduetolocationindependence.Answer:C)Potentialforreducedwork-lifebalanceandisolation.Explanation:Thepassageexplicitlystatesthat"remoteworkhasalsoraisedconcernsaboutworkisolationandmentalhealth."ThisalignswithoptionC.OptionAisapotentialbenefit,notaconsequence.OptionBismentionedasapositiveoutcome,notanunintendedeffect.OptionDisadirectadvantageofremotework,notadrawback.Question4(3points):Climatechangeisdisproportionatelyaffectingsmallislanddevelopingstates(SIDS),whichareamongthemostvulnerabletorisingsealevels,extremeweatherevents,andoceanacidification.The2025IPCCreportwarnsthatwithouturgentmitigationefforts,manySIDScouldfaceirreversibleecologicalandeconomicdamageby2050.Thesenationshavehistoricallycontributedminimallytoglobalemissionsbutbearthebruntofclimateimpacts.Internationalorganizations,suchastheUnitedNationsandtheGreenClimateFund,havebeenworkingtoprovidefinancialandtechnicalsupporttohelpSIDSadapt.However,theseeffortsareofteninsufficientgiventhescaleofthechallenge.SomeSIDSarenowexploringinnovativesolutions,suchasseawalls,mangroverestoration,andrenewableenergyprojects,tobuildresilience.Whatisthemosturgentthreatfacingsmallislanddevelopingstatesduetoclimatechange?A)Economicinstabilitycausedbydecliningtourism.B)Risingsealevelsandextremeweatherevents.C)Lossofbiodiversityduetooceanacidification.D)Insufficientfundingforclimateadaptationprojects.Answer:B)Risingsealevelsandextremeweatherevents.Explanation:ThepassagehighlightsthatSIDSare"disproportionatelyaffectedbyrisingsealevelsandextremeweatherevents,"withtheIPCCreportwarningof"irreversibleecologicalandeconomicdamage"by2050.Whileotherthreatsarementioned,thesearepresentedasthemostimmediateandsevere.OptionCisalsoaconcern,butthetextemphasizesphysicalthreatsoverbiodiversityloss.OptionDisachallenge,butthepassageframesitasabarriertoadaptationratherthantheprimarythreatitself.Question5(3points):Theglobaleducationsystemisundergoingatransformationasdigitallearningtoolsbecomemoreprevalent.Onlinecourses,virtualclassrooms,andadaptivelearningsoftwareareincreasinglybeingintegratedintocurriculaworldwide.Proponentsarguethatthesetechnologiescanpersonalizeeducation,improveaccessibility,andpreparestudentsforadigitalworkforce.However,criticspointtoissuessuchasthedigitaldivide,thelackofsocialinteractioninvirtualenvironments,andthepotentialforreducedcriticalthinkingskills.Educatorsarenowseekingwaystobalancetechnologywithtraditionalteachingmethodstomaximizebenefitswhilemitigatingdrawbacks.Whichofthefollowingisapotentialdrawbackofdigitallearning?A)Enhancedcollaborationamongstudentsthroughvirtualgroupprojects.B)Improvedengagementduetointeractivemultimediacontent.C)Thedigitaldividelimitingaccesstoqualityeducation.D)Greaterflexibilityinlearningschedules.Answer:C)Thedigitaldividelimitingaccesstoqualityeducation.Explanation:Thepassageexplicitlymentions"criticspointtoissuessuchasthedigitaldivide,"whichreferstounequalaccesstotechnologyandinternetconnectivity.Thishinderssomestudentsfrombenefitingfromdigitallearningtools.OptionAandBarebenefits,notdrawbacks.OptionDisalsoapositiveaspectofdigitallearning.Question6(3points):Theautomotiveindustryisundergoingarapidtransitiontowardelectricvehicles(EVs),drivenbystricterenvironmentalregulationsandconsumerdemandforsustainabletransportation.MajormanufacturersareinvestingbillionsinEVproductionandbatterytechnology.However,severalchallengesremain.Batterysupplychainsareheavilyreliantonraremineralssuchaslithiumandcobalt,manyofwhicharesourcedfromgeopoliticallyunstableregions.Thiscreatesrisksofpricevolatilityandsupplydisruptions.Additionally,theinfrastructureforchargingEVsisstillinsufficientinmanyareas,limitingtheiradoption.GovernmentsareimplementingpoliciestoincentivizeEVsalesandexpandchargingnetworks,buttheindustry’sfulltransitiontoelectricpowermaytakedecades.Whatistheprimarysupplychainriskassociatedwithelectricvehicles?A)Highproductioncostsduetoadvancedmanufacturingtechniques.B)Dependenceonraremineralsfromunstableregions.C)LimitedconsumeracceptanceofEVtechnology.D)InsufficientgovernmentincentivesforEVadoption.Answer:B)Dependenceonraremineralsfromunstableregions.Explanation:Thepassagehighlightsthat"batterysupplychainsareheavilyreliantonraremineralssuchaslithiumandcobalt,manyofwhicharesourcedfromgeopoliticallyunstableregions."ThisdirectlysupportsoptionB.OptionAismentionedasachallengebutnottheprimaryrisk.OptionCandDareexternalfactorsbutnotthecoresupplychainissue.Question7(3points):Thegigeconomyhastransformedthelabormarketbycreatingflexiblejobopportunitiesformillionsofworkers.PlatformslikeUber,AmazonFlex,andUpworkhaveenabledindividualstoearnincomeontheirownterms.Whilegigworkoffersautonomyandflexibility,italsocomeswithdrawbacks.Manygigworkerslackbenefitssuchashealthinsurance,paidleave,andretirementplans.Furthermore,theinstabilityofgigworkcanleadtofinancialinsecurity,especiallyduringeconomicdownturns.Regulatorybodiesinseveralcountriesarenowdebatinghowtoprotectgigworkerswhilemaintainingtheflexibilitythatdefinesthegigeconomy.Whichofthefollowingisasignificantdisadvantageofgigwork?A)Limitedopportunitiesforcareeradvancement.B)Lackofbenefitsandfinancialinstability.C)Excessivepaperworkandadministrativeburdens.D)Highcompetitionfromothergigworkers.Answer:B)Lackofbenefitsandfinancialinstability.Explanation:Thepassageexplicitlystatesthat"manygigworkerslackbenefitssuchashealthinsurance,paidleave,andretirementplans"andthat"instabilityofgigworkcanleadtofinancialinsecurity."ThisdirectlysupportsoptionB.OptionAmaybetrueforsome,butthetextfocusesonimmediatedisadvantages.OptionCandDarenotprimaryconcernsmentionedinthepassage.Question8(3points):Artificialintelligence(AI)isincreasinglybeingusedinhealthcaretoimprovediagnostics,personalizetreatments,andstreamlineadministrativetasks.AIalgorithmscananalyzemedicalimageswithhigheraccuracythanhumanradiologistsinsomecases,reducingdiagnosticerrors.Additionally,AI-poweredpredictivemodelshelpdoctorsanticipatepatientrisksandtailortreatmentstoindividualneeds.However,ethicalandprivacyconcernsremain.Issuessuchasdatasecurity,algorithmicbias,andthepotentiallossofhumanjudgmentincaredecisionsarebeingdebatedbyhealthcareprofessionalsandpolicymakers.WhatisakeyethicalchallengeassociatedwithAIinhealthcare?A)HighcostsofimplementingAIsystemsinhospitals.B)Potentialforalgorithmicbiasandprivacyviolations.C)Reducedpatienttrustinmedicalprofessionals.D)DifficultyinintegratingAIwithexistinghealthcareinfrastructure.Answer:B)Potentialforalgorithmicbiasandprivacyviolations.Explanation:Thepassageexplicitlymentions"ethicalandprivacyconcerns,"including"algorithmicbias"and"datasecurity."ThesearecentralissuesinAIhealthcareapplications.OptionAisafinancialchallengebutnotanethicalone.OptionCisnotdirectlyaddressedinthetext.OptionDisaninfrastructuralconcern,notanethicalissue.Question9(3points):Thefashionindustryisfacinggrowingpressuretoadoptsustainablepracticesduetoenvironmentalconcernsandshiftingconsumerpreferences.Fastfashion,characterizedbyrapidproductioncyclesandlowcosts,hasbeencriticizedforitsexcessivewasteandpollution.Inresponse,manybrandsareexploringeco-friendlyalternatives,suchasrecycledmaterials,organiccotton,andcircularfashionmodels.Somearealsoimplementingtake-backprogramstoreducetextilewaste.Whiletheseinitiativesarepromising,theyrequiresignificantinvestmentandindustry-widecollaborationtomakeameaningfulimpact.Consumerawarenessanddemandforsustainablefashionaredrivingthesechanges,butthetransitionisslow.Whichofthefollowingisakeystrategyinsustainablefashion?A)Increasingproductionvolumetooffsetwaste.B)Usingrecycledmaterialsandcircularmodels.C)Reducingmarketingbudgetstolowercosts.D)Encouragingconsumerstobuymoreclothesfrequently.Answer:B)Usingrecycledmaterialsandcircularmodels.Explanation:Thepassagehighlightsthatbrandsare"exploringeco-friendlyalternatives,suchasrecycledmaterials,organiccotton,andcircularfashionmodels"toaddresssustainabilityissues.ThisdirectlysupportsoptionB.OptionAcontradictssustainablepractices.OptionCandDareunrelatedtoenvironmentalgoals.Question10(3points):Theglobalsemiconductorindustryiscriticaltomoderntechnology,poweringeverythingfromsmartphonestoautonomousvehicles.However,thesectorhasfaceddisruptionsinrecentyearsduetosupplychainbottlenecks,tradetensions,andincreasingdemand.CountriessuchastheUnitedStates,China,andtheEuropeanUnionareinvestingheavilyindomesticsemiconductormanufacturingtoreducerelianceonforeignsuppliers.Theseeffortsaimtoenhancetechnologicalself-sufficiencyandnationalsecurity.However,achievingthisgoalrequiresovercomingtechnicalchallenges,suchasadvancedfabricationprocesses,andattractingskilledlabor.Additionally,internationalcompetitionandregulatoryhurdlescomplicatetheseefforts.Whatisaprimarychallengeforcountriesexpandingsemiconductormanufacturing?A)Insufficientconsumerdemandfornewchips.B)Technicaldifficultiesinadvancedfabrication.C)Lackofgovernmentfundingforresearch.D)Excessiveenvironmentalregulationslimitingproduction.Answer:B)Technicaldifficultiesinadvancedfabrication.Explanation:Thepassagementionsthatachievingself-sufficiency"requiresovercomingtechnicalchallenges,suchasadvancedfabricationprocesses,"whichdirectlysupportsoptionB.OptionAisirrelevant;demandishigh.OptionCisnotexplicitlystatedasabarrier.OptionDisnotaprimaryconcernmentionedinthetext.Part2:True/False/NotGiven(TFNG)说明：每题2分，共5题。Question11(2points):Thepassagestatesthatremoteworkhasimprovedwork-lifebalanceformanyemployees,butitalsoraisesconcernsaboutmentalhealthandisolation.True/False/NotGiven?Answer:TrueExplanation:Thepassageexplicitlymentionsthat"remoteworkhasimprovedwork-lifebalanceformany"butalso"raisedconcernsaboutworkisolationandmentalhealth."Thisconfirmsthestatementastrue.Question12(2points):Accordingtothepassage,smallislanddevelopingstatesarethemostsignificantcontributorstoglobalclimatechange.True/False/NotGiven?Answer:FalseExplanation:ThepassagestatesthatSIDS"havehistoricallycontributedminimallytoglobalemissions"butare"amongthemostvulnerabletoclimateimpacts."Thiscontradictsthestatement.Question13(2points):Thepassagesuggeststhaturbanagriculturecanfullysolvefoodsecuritychallengesincities.True/False/NotGiven?Answer:NotGivenExplanation:Thepassagediscussesurbanagricultureasa"sustainablesolution"butnotesthat"scalabilityremainsamajorhurdle"anddoesnotclaimitcan"fullysolve"foodsecuritychallenges.Question14(2points):Theautomotiveindustryiscompletelyshiftingawayfromtraditionalinternalcombustionenginevehiclesduetoenvironmentalregulations.True/False/NotGiven?Answer:NotGivenExplanation:Thepassagementionsa"rapidtransitiontowardelectricvehicles"butdoesnotstatethatICEvehiclesarebeing"completelyshiftedaway."Theindustry’sfulltransitionmaytakedecades.Question15(2points):Thegigeconomyprovidesgigworkerswithallthebenefitstypicallyassociatedwithtraditionalemployment.True/False/NotGiven?Answer:FalseExplanation:Thepassageexplicitlystatesthatgigworkers"lackbenefitssuchashealthinsurance,paidleave,andretirementplans,"contradictingthestatement.Part3:SummaryCompletion说明：每空2分，共5题，共10分。Passage:Theglobaltourismindustryisevolvingrapidlyduetodigitaladvancements.Onlineplatformsnowdominatebookings,forcingtraditionalagenciestoadapt.Destinationmarketingorganizations(DMOs)areleveragingsocialmediaandinfluencerstoattractvisitors.However,theindustryremainsfragile,susceptibletogeopoliticaltensionsandhealthcrises.Whiledigitalizationoffersefficiency,italsointroducesnewchallenges,suchascybersecurityrisksanddataprivacyconcerns.Governmentsandbusinessesarecollaboratingtocreatemoreresilienttourismsystems,butthesector’sfuturedependsonbalancinginnovationwithriskmanagement.CompletethesummarybelowusingNOMORETHANTWOWORDSforeachblank.Thetourismindustryistransformingdueto________platforms,whichnowhandleover60%ofinternationaltravelarrangements.Traditionalagenciesfaceincreasedcompetitionfrom________organizations,whiledestinationmarketinggroupsareusing________andinfluencerpartnershipstopromotedestinations.Despitethesechanges,thesectorremainsvulnerableto________andhealthcrises,whichcandisrupttraveldemand.Whiledigitalizationoffersbenefits,italsoraisesconcernsabout________anddataprivacy.Answer:1.digital2.startup3.socialmedia4.geopoliticaltensions5.cybersecurityExplanation:1."Onlinebookingsnowaccountforover60%ofallinternationaltravelarrangements,"indicatingdigitalplatforms.2."Traditionaltravelagencieshavefacedincreasedcompetitionfromagilestartupsofferingpersonalizeditineraries,"confirmingstartups.3."DMOshavehadtoadaptbyleveragingsocialmediaandinfluencerpartnerships,"supportingsocialmedia.4."Theindustryremainshighlyvulnerabletogeopoliticaltensionsandhealthcrises,"aligningwithgeopoliticaltensions.5."Theriseofdigitalplatformshasintroducednewchallenges,suchascybersecurityrisks,"confirmingcybersecurity.Passage:Artificialintelligence(AI)isrevolutionizinghealthcarebyimprovingdiagnosticsandpersonalizingtreatments.AIalgorithmscananalyzemedicalimagesmoreaccuratelythanhumanradiologists,reducingerrors.Predictivemodelshelpdoctorsanticipatepatientrisks,butethicalandprivacyconcernspersist.Issuessuchasalgorithmicbias,datasecurity,andthepotentialerosionofhumanjudgmentaredebated.HealthcareprofessionalsandpolicymakersareworkingtoaddressthesechallengeswhileharnessingAI’spotential.CompletethesummarybelowusingNOMORETHANTWOWORDSforeachblank.AIisbeingusedinhealthcaretoenhance________andpersonalizetreatments.AI-poweredalgorithmscananalyzemedicalimageswithgreater________thanhumans.Predictivemodelshelpdoctorsanticipatepatientrisks,butethicalissuesinclude________anddatasecurity.Additionally,thereareconcernsaboutthepotentiallossof________incaredecisions.Answer:1.diagnostics2.accuracy3.bias4.humanjudgmentExplanation:1."AIistransforminghealthcarebyimprovingdiagnostics,"confirmingdiagnostics.2."AIalgorithmscananalyzemedicalimagesmoreaccuratelythanhumanradiologists,"supportingaccuracy.3."Ethicalandprivacyconcernsincludealgorithmicbias,"aligningwithbias.4."Thepotentiallossofhumanjudgmentincaredecisionsisdebated,"confirminghumanjudgment.Part4:MatchingHeadingstoParagraphs说明：每题2分，共5题，共10分。Paragraphs:A)Thegigeconomyhasgrownrapidly,offeringflexibilitytomillionsbutalsocreatingfinancialinsecurity.Workerslackbenefits,andregulatoryframeworksarestilldeveloping.B)Thefashionindustryisshiftingtowardsustainability,withbrandsusingrecycledmaterialsandcircularmodelstoreducewaste.However,thetransitionisslowduetohighcostsandconsumerhabits.C)Smallislanddevelopingstatesarehighlyvulnerabletoclimatechange,despitecontributingminimallytoglobalemissions.Internationalsupportisneededtohelpthemadapt.D)AIistransforminghealthcarebyimprovingdiagnosticsandpredictivemodeling,butethicalconcernslikebiasandprivacyremain.E)Theautomotiveindustryismovingtowardelectricvehicles(EVs),drivenbyenvironmentalregulations.Supplychainrisksandinfrastructuregapspersist.Headings:1.TheFutureofFlexibleWork2.SustainableFashionandConsumerChoices3.ClimateChangeImpactsonVulnerableRegions4.AIinHealthcare:OpportunitiesandChallenges5.TheEVRevolutionandSupplyChainIssuesAnswer:1.A2.B3.C4.D5.EExplanation:1.ParagraphAdiscussesgigwork,itsbenefits,andchallenges,fitting"TheFutureofFlexibleWork."2.ParagraphBaddressessustainablefashion,aligningwith"SustainableFashionandConsumerChoices."3.ParagraphCfocusesonclimatechangeimpactsonSIDS,matching"ClimateChangeImpactsonVulnerableRegions."4.ParagraphDexploresAIinhealthcare,fitting"AIinHealthcare:OpportunitiesandChallenges."5.ParagraphEdiscussesEVsandsupplychains,aligningwith"TheEVRevolutionandSupplyChainIssues."Passage:Theglob