2026年研究生招生英语统考备考试题及解析

2026年研究生招生英语统考备考试题及解析第一部分：阅读理解（共4题，每题2分，共8分）1.阅读理解题（2分）题目：Therapidadvancementofartificialintelligence(AI)hasbroughtbothopportunitiesandchallengestotheglobaljobmarket.WhileAIautomationcanincreaseefficiencyinindustrieslikemanufacturingandlogistics,italsothreatenstraditionalemployment.A2023reportbytheInternationalLabourOrganization(ILO)indicatesthatabout40%ofjobsindevelopedcountriesmaybeautomatedby2030.However,thereportalsohighlightsthatnewjobsectors,suchasAIethicsanddatagovernance,willemerge.Howwillgovernmentsandbusinessesadapttothistransformation?A.GovernmentsshouldimmediatelybanAIdevelopmenttoprotectjobs.B.WorkersshouldfocusonlearningAI-relatedskillstoremaincompetitive.C.CompaniesshouldprioritizeAItrainingoverautomation.D.AIshouldonlybeusedindevelopingcountriestoavoidjoblosses.答案：B解析：文章指出AI将威胁传统就业，但同时也创造了新的职业机会，如AI伦理和数据治理。因此，最合理的应对策略是工人学习相关技能以适应变化。选项A过于极端，选项C和D忽略了AI的全球影响。2.阅读理解题（2分）题目：ClimatechangehasexacerbatedwaterscarcityintheMiddleEast,affectingmillionsofpeople.Desalinationplantshavebeenproposedasasolution,buttheirhighenergyconsumptionraisesenvironmentalconcerns.Renewableenergysourceslikesolarandwindcouldmitigatethisissue,butinfrastructuredevelopmentisslow.Arecentstudysuggeststhatcommunity-basedwatermanagement,suchasrainwaterharvesting,couldplayasignificantrole.Whatisthemostsustainableapproach?A.Large-scaledesalinationwithfossilfuels.B.Relyingsolelyongovernment-ledprojects.C.Combiningrenewableenergywithlocalwaterconservation.D.Importingwaterfromneighboringcountries.答案：C解析：文章强调传统方法（如大规模海水淡化）存在高能耗问题，而社区层面的水资源管理（如雨水收集）结合可再生能源是更可持续的方案。选项A和D不可持续，选项B忽略了民间参与的重要性。3.阅读理解题（2分）题目：Theriseofremoteworkhastransformedurbanplanning.CitieslikeSingaporeandCopenhagenareinvestinginmixed-usedevelopmentstoreducecommuting.Theseprojectscombineresidential,commercial,andrecreationalspacestocreateself-sufficientcommunities.However,criticsarguethatsuchinitiativesexcludelow-incomeresidents.Howcancitiesbalanceinclusivitywithefficiency?A.Onlybuildhigh-endmixed-useareastoattractbusinesses.B.Providesubsidiesforlow-incomefamiliestoaccessnewdevelopments.C.Limitremoteworktoavoidurbansprawl.D.Encouragesprawltoaccommodateallincomegroups.答案：B解析：文章提到混合用途开发可能加剧贫富分化，因此解决方案应是政府提供支持措施，确保低收入群体也能受益。选项A和D忽视了社会公平，选项C与远程工作的趋势背道而驰。4.阅读理解题（2分）题目：ThepharmaceuticalindustryinIndiahasfacedcriticismforproducinggenericdrugsatlowcostsbutviolatingpatentlaws.Whilethishasmademedicineaffordableformany,ithasstrainedrelationswithWesternpharmaceuticalgiants.A2024WTOreportsuggestsamiddleground:allowingpoorcountriestoproducegenericswhileensuringfaircompensationforpatentholders.WhatshouldIndiado?A.Completelybangenericdrugproductiontoavoidlegaldisputes.B.Continueproducinggenericswithoutpatentrestrictions.C.Negotiatewithpatentholderstosetreasonableprices.D.Shiftfocusentirelytoresearch-baseddrugdevelopment.答案：C解析：文章强调平衡药品可及性与知识产权保护，印度应在合法范围内生产仿制药，同时与专利持有者协商。选项A和D过于极端，选项B可能引发法律冲突。第二部分：完形填空（共5题，每题1分，共5分）题目：Theglobaleducationsystemisundergoingasignificantshift.Traditionalclassroom-basedlearningisbeingsupplementedwithonlineplatforms,butthistransitionhaschallenges.A2023Harvardstudyfoundthat65%ofstudentsstrugglewithdigitalliteracy,hinderingtheirabilitytobenefitfromremoteeducation.Additionally,teachersneedtrainingtoadapttonewteachingmethods.Whatisthekeytosuccessfulreform?Fillintheblankswiththemostsuitablewordsfromthelistbelow.-1)innovative-2)accessibility-3)collaboration-4)infrastructure-5)standardized_4)_inruralareasremainsamajorissue.Whileonlinelearningoffers_1)_approaches,itrequiresrobust_4)_support.Schoolsmustalsofoster_3)_betweenteachersandtechnologyproviderstoimproveoutcomes.However,without_5)_assessments,it’shardtomeasureprogress.答案：4,1,3,4,5解析：-Blank4:"infrastructure"fitsthecontextofruraleducationlimitations.-Blank1:"innovative"alignswiththeuseofonlineplatforms.-Blank3:"collaboration"isessentialforteacher-technologyintegration.-Blank4:Repeatedforemphasisoninfrastructure.-Blank5:"standardized"isneededtoevaluatereformsobjectively.第三部分：翻译（共2题，每题2分，共4分）1.翻译题（2分）题目："Despitetechnologicalprogress,mentalhealthissuesremainunder-addressedinmanydevelopingnations.Governmentsoftenprioritizeeconomicgrowthoverwell-being,leavingvulnerablepopulationswithoutadequatesupport."翻译要求：将上述英文段落翻译成中文。答案：尽管技术不断进步，但在许多发展中国家，心理健康问题仍未得到充分关注。政府往往优先考虑经济增长而忽视福祉，导致弱势群体缺乏必要的支持。解析：-"under-addressed"译为“未得到充分关注”，准确传达原文的不足感。-"vulnerablepopulations"译为“弱势群体”，符合中文表达习惯。2.翻译题（2分）题目："Theriseofe-commercehasdisruptedtraditionalretail,butitalsocreatesopportunitiesforsmallbusinesses.Byleveragingdigitalmarketing,localentrepreneurscanreachglobalcustomers,thoughcompetitionisintensifying."翻译要求：将上述英文段落翻译成中文。答案：电子商务的兴起颠覆了传统零售业，但也为中小企业带来了机遇。通过利用数字营销，本地企业家可以触达全球客户，但竞争正加剧。解析：-"disrupted"译为“颠覆”，突出变革性影响。-"intensifying"译为“加剧”，准确表达竞争趋势。第四部分：写作（共1题，10分）题目：Somepeoplebelievethatgovernmentsshouldinvestmoreinrenewableenergyprojectstocombatclimatechange,whileothersarguethatprivatecompaniesarebettersuitedforthistask.Discussbothviewsandgiveyourownopinion.写作要求：-写作长度：200-250词。-论点清晰，逻辑连贯。答案：Governmentsandprivatecompaniesbothplayvitalrolesinrenewableenergyde