2025年英语四级阅读模拟试题及详解答案

2025年英语四级阅读模拟试题及详解答案PassageOneInrecentyears,therelationshipbetweenadolescents'screentimeandsleepqualityhasbecomeagrowingconcernamongresearchers.A2024studypublishedinJournalofAdolescentHealthtracked1,500teensaged13-17oversixmonths,measuringtheirdailydeviceusage(includingsmartphones,tablets,andlaptops)andsleeppatterns.Thefindingsrevealedthatteenswhospentmorethanthreehoursperdayonscreenswere42%morelikelytoreport"poorsleep"—definedastakingover30minutestofallasleep,wakingupmultipletimesatnight,orfeelingtireduponwaking—comparedtothosewithlessthanonehourofdailyscreentime.Onekeyfactoridentifiedwastheexposuretobluelightemittedbyscreens.Bluelight,whichismostintenseintheevening,suppressestheproductionofmelatonin,ahormonethatregulatessleep-wakecycles.Evenwhenteensdimtheirscreensoruse"nightmode,"thestudyfoundthatthecumulativeeffectofprolongedexposurestilldisruptedmelatoninlevels.Additionally,thecontentconsumedmatters:scrollingthroughsocialmediaorwatchingexcitingvideosoftenleadstoincreasedcognitivearousal,makingitharderforthebraintotransitionintoarelaxedstateconducivetosleep.Dr.ElenaMorales,theleadresearcher,noted,"It'snotjustthequantityofscreentime,butalsothetimingandtypeofactivity.Usingadeviceforhomeworkanhourbeforebedmaybelessharmfulthanbinge-watchingathrillerorengaginginheatedsocialmediadebates,whichcanelevateheartrateandtriggerstressresponses."Shesuggestedthatestablishinga"screencurfew"—aperiodof60-90minutesbeforebedtimewithoutanydeviceuse—couldsignificantlyimprovesleepquality.Parentswereadvisedtomodelthisbehavior,asteensaremorelikelytofollowruleswhencaregiversadheretothemtoo.Questions1-51.Whatisthemainfindingofthe2024studymentionedinthepassage?A)Teensusingscreensforoverthreehoursdailyaremorepronetopoorsleep.B)Bluelightfromscreenshasnoeffectonmelatoninproduction.C)Socialmediascrollinghelpsteensrelaxbeforesleep.D)Parents'screenhabitshavenoimpactontheirchildren'ssleep.2.Accordingtothepassage,whydoesbluelightaffectsleep?A)Itincreasesheartrateandtriggersstress.B)Itreducestheproductionofasleep-regulatinghormone.C)Itmakesscreensbrightereveninnightmode.D)Itstimulatesthebraintoprocessexcitingcontent.3.WhatdoesDr.Moralesimplyaboutscreenusebeforebed?A)Homework-relatedscreenuseiscompletelyharmless.B)Binge-watchingthrillingvideosislessdisruptivethansocialmedia.C)Thenatureofscreenactivitiesmattersasmuchasthetimespent.D)A30-minutescreencurfewisenoughtoimprovesleep.4.Theword"cumulative"(Para.2)isclosestinmeaningto______.A)immediateB)temporaryC)gradualD)total5.Whatadvicedoesthepassagegivetoparents?A)Prohibitallscreenusefortheirteens.B)Setagoodexamplebylimitingtheirownscreentimebeforebed.C)Encourageteenstousenightmodetoeliminatebluelight.D)Monitortheirteens'socialmediacontentstrictly.PassageTwoThefashionindustry,oftencriticizedforitsenvironmentalimpact,isundergoingatransformationas"slowfashion"gainstraction.Fastfashion—characterizedbycheap,trendygarmentsproducedathighspeed—hasbeenamajorcontributortopollution:itaccountsfor10%ofglobalcarbonemissions,morethaninternationalflightsandshippingcombined,accordingtotheUnitedNations.Additionally,85%ofalltextilesendupinlandfillseachyear,withmanysyntheticfabricstakingcenturiestodecompose.Inresponse,consumersareincreasinglyshiftingtosustainablebrands.A2024surveybyEco-FashionMagazinefoundthat68%ofshoppersaged18-35nowprioritizedurabilityandeco-friendlymaterials(suchasorganiccotton,hemp,andrecycledpolyester)overlowprices.Thisshiftisdrivenbygreaterawarenessofclimatechange,aswellastheriseofsocialmediainfluencershighlightingthetruecostoffastfashion.Brandsareadaptingtoo.LuxurylabelStellaNovarecentlylauncheda"repairandreuse"program,offeringfreemendingservicesforitemspurchasedwithinfiveyears.SportsweargiantGreenKnitintroducedalineofjacketsmadefrom100%recycledoceanplastic,witheachjacketdiverting25plasticbottlesfromthesea.EvenfastfashionretailerslikeZaraandH&Mhaverolledoutclothingrecyclingbinsinstores,wherecustomerscandropoffoldgarmentsforupcyclingormaterialrecovery.However,challengesremain.Sustainablematerialsoftencostmoretoproduce,leadingtohigherretailpricesthatmaydeterbudget-consciousconsumers.There’salsotheissueof"greenwashing"—brandsmisleadinglymarketingproductsaseco-friendlywithoutsubstantivechanges.Toaddressthis,organizationsliketheGlobalFashionAgendaarepushingforstrictercertificationstandards,requiringbrandstoprovidetransparentdataontheirsupplychainsandcarbonfootprints.Questions6-106.Whatisthemainproblemwithfastfashionmentionedinthepassage?A)Itusesexpensivematerials.B)Itcontributessignificantlytoenvironmentalpollution.C)Itfailstomeetconsumerdemandfortrends.D)Ithaslimitedaccesstoglobalmarkets.7.Accordingtothe2024survey,whatdoyoungshoppersprioritizenow?A)Lowpricesandfrequentstylechanges.B)Durabilityandeco-friendlymaterials.C)Freemendingservicesanddiscounts.D)High-endluxuryandbrandreputation.8.WhatisStellaNova’snewprogramabout?A)Sellingjacketsmadefromoceanplastic.B)Recyclingoldgarmentsinstores.C)Providingfreerepairservicesforpurchaseditems.D)Offeringdiscountsforeco-friendlypurchases.9.Theword"deter"(Para.4)isclosestinmeaningto______.A)attractB)discourageC)supportD)inform10.Whatisachallengeforsustainablefashionmentionedinthepassage?A)Lackofconsumerinterest.B)Highproductioncostsleadingtoexpensiveprices.C)Difficultyinfindingtrendydesigns.D)Shortageofrecycledmaterials.PassageThreeCanregularmentalexercisesslowdownage-relatedmemorydecline?AlandmarkstudypublishedinNeurologyin2024suggeststheycan.ResearchersfromtheUniversityofChicagofollowed800adultsaged65-80forfiveyears,dividingthemintothreegroups:oneengagedindaily30-minutecognitivetraining(puzzles,memorygames,andproblem-solvingtasks),anotherdidphysicalexercise(briskwalking,yoga),andacontrolgroupwithnostructuredactivities.Atthestudy’send,thecognitivetraininggroupshoweda30%slowerrateofmemorydeclinecomparedtothecontrolgroup.Notably,theirperformanceontasksrequiringworkingmemory(e.g.,recallingasequenceofnumbers)andexecutivefunction(e.g.,planningandmultitasking)remainedatlevelssimilartothoseof60-year-olds.Thephysicalexercisegroupalsosawbenefits,butonlyinareasrelatedtoprocessingspeed,notmemoryretention.Dr.LisaChen,aneuropsychologistinvolvedinthestudy,explained,"Cognitivetrainingstimulatesthegrowthofnewneuralconnectionsintheprefrontalcortex,abrainregioncriticalformemoryanddecision-making.Unlikephysicalexercise,whichprimarilyenhancesbloodflowtothebrain,mentalexercisestargetspecificcognitivefunctions,leadingtomoredirectimprovementsinmemory-relatedtasks."However,thebenefitsweremostpronouncedinparticipantswhomaintainedthetrainingconsistently.Thosewhoskippedsessionsorreducedtheirpracticetolessthantwiceaweekshowedminimalimprovement."It’slikegoingtothegym—consistencyiskey,"Dr.Chenadded."Even15minutesaday,ifdoneregularly,canmakeadifference,butsporadiceffortswon’tyieldlastingresults."Questions11-1511.Whatisthemainpurposeofthestudydescribedinthepassage?A)Tocomparetheeffectsofcognitiveandphysicaltrainingonmemoryintheelderly.B)Totesttheeffectivenessofnewmemorymedications.C)Tofindthebesttypeofphysicalexerciseforseniors.D)Toexplorethecausesofage-relatedmemorydecline.12.Whatdidthecognitivetraininggroupachievecomparedtothecontrolgroup?A)A30%fastermemorydecline.B)A30%slowermemorydecline.C)Nosignificantchangeinmemory.D)Improvedprocessingspeed.13.AccordingtoDr.Chen,howdoescognitivetrainingbenefitthebrain?A)Byincreasingbloodflowtothebrain.B)Byenhancingprocessingspeed.C)Bystimulatingneuralconnectionsintheprefrontalcortex.D)Byreducingtheriskofphysicalillnesses.14.Whatisemphasizedascrucialfortheeffectivenessofcognitivetraining?A)Thedurationofeachsession.B)Thetypeofpuzzlesused.C)Consistencyinpractice.D)Participationingroupactivities.15.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistruebasedonthepassage?A)Physicalexercisehadnobenefitsfortheelderlyparticipants.B)Thecontrolgroupshowedtheslowestmemorydecline.C)Sporadiccognitivetrainingisaseffectiveasregularpractice.D)Cognitivetrainingimprovedworkingmemoryandexecutivefunction.PassageFourUrbangardening,onceanichehobby,hasblossomedintoaglobalmovementascitydwellersseektoreconnectwithnatureandpromotesustainability.FromrooftopvegetablepatchesinTokyotocommunitygardensinNewYork’sBrooklyn,morepeoplearetransformingurbanspacesintogreenoases.A2024reportbytheUrbanAgricultureInstitutefoundthat72%ofurbangardenerscite"improvingmentalwell-being"astheirprimarymotivation.Spendingtimetendingplantshasbeenlinkedtoreducedstresslevels,withstudiesshowingthatcontactwithsoilbacteriacanboostserotoninproduction—oftencalledthe"happyhormone."Additionally,growingone’sownfoodfostersasenseofaccomplishmentandself-reliance,whichisparticularlyvaluableintimesoffoodinsecurity.Environmentally,urbangardensactasnaturalairfilters.Asinglematurefruittreecanabsorb48poundsofcarbondioxideannuallyandreleaseenoughoxygenfortwopeople.Theyalsomitigatethe"heatislandeffect,"whereconcreteandasphalttrapheat,byprovidingshadeandevaporativecooling.InSingapore,forexample,the"SkyriseGreenery"programhasreducedlocaltemperaturesby2-3°Cinareaswithextensiverooftopgardens.Economically,urbangardeningreduceshouseholdfoodcosts.Afamilygrowingtomatoes,herbs,andleafygreenscansaveupto$500peryearongroceries,accordingtothereport.Somegardenersevensellexcessproduceatlocalfarmers’markets,creatingsmall-scaleincomestreams.However,spacelimitationsremainabarrier.Indenselypopulatedcities,noteveryonehasaccesstoabackyardorrooftop.Toaddressthis,verticalgardeningsystems—usingwalls,balconies,orstackedplanters—havegainedpopularity.Thesesystemsalloweventhoseinsmallapartmentstogrowherbs,strawberries,andmicrogreens.Questions16-2016.Whatisthemainreasonurbangardenersgivefortheirhobbyaccordingtothe2024report?A)Reducinghouseholdfoodcosts.B)Improvingmentalwell-being.C)Mitigatingtheheatislandeffect.D)Creatingincomethroughsellingproduce.17.Howdourbangardenshelpwiththeheatislandeffect?A)Byabsorbingcarbondioxide.B)Byreleasingoxygen.C)Byprovidingshadeandcooling.D)Byincreasingsoilbacteria.18.Whateconomicbenefitofurbangardeningismentioned?A)Savingupto$500annuallyongroceries.B)Increasingpropertyvalues.C)Reducingwaterbills.D)Accesstofreeseedsandtools.19.Theword"mitigate"(Para.3)isclosestinmeaningto______.A)worsenB)measureC)reduceD)cause20.Whatsolutionissuggestedforspacelimitationsinurbangardening?A)Convertingparkinglotsintogardens.B)Usingverticalgardeningsystems.C)Sharingcommunitygardenplots.D)Growingonlysmallplantslikemicrogreens.AnswersandExplanations1.AThefirstparagraphstatesthatteenswithoverthreehoursofdailyscreentimewere42%morelikelytoreportpoorsleep,whichdirectlysupportsoptionA.2.BParagraph2explainsthatbluelightsuppressesmelatonin,ahormoneregulatingsleep-wakecycles.3.CDr.Moralesnotesthattimingandtypeofactivitymatter,meaningboththenature(type)andduration(quantity)areimportant.4.D"Cumulative"referstothetotaleffectofrepeatedexposure.5.BThelastparagraphadvisesparentstomodelthebehavior,meaningtheyshouldlimittheirownscreentimetosetanexample.