2026年研究生英语入学考试阅读理解与翻译题集

2026年研究生英语入学考试阅读理解与翻译题集阅读理解部分一、多项选择题（共4题，每题2分）1.TheImpactofRenewableEnergyPoliciesonGlobalEconomicDevelopment（本篇选自《经济学人》2023年，探讨欧盟可再生能源政策对全球经济增长的影响。）Passage:TheEuropeanUnion'sambitiousrenewableenergytargets,settoreducecarbonemissionsby55%by2030,havesparkedaglobalshifttowardsustainablepowersources.Whilecriticsarguethatsuchpolicieswillstrainnationalbudgets,recentstudiessuggestthattheeconomicbenefitsoutweighthecosts.Countriesleadinginrenewableenergyinvestment,suchasDenmarkandGermany,haveseenjobgrowthingreensectorsandreduceddependencyonfossilfuels.However,challengesremain,particularlyinregionsheavilyreliantoncoalindustries.Governmentsmustbalanceenvironmentalgoalswitheconomicstability,ensuringthattransitionmeasuressupportdisplacedworkersandsmallbusinesses.Questions:1.Whatistheprimaryargumentofthepassage?A)Renewableenergypoliciesaretoocostlyandineffective.B)Economicbenefitsofrenewableenergyoutweighenvironmentalconcerns.C)Developingcountriesshouldfocusoncoalbeforetransitioningtocleanenergy.D)TheEU'stargetswillleadtowidespreadeconomiccollapse.2.Whichcountryiscitedasaleaderinrenewableenergy?A)FranceB)DenmarkC)ChinaD)Russia3.Whatremainsasignificantchallengeforrenewableenergyadoption?A)LackoftechnologicalinnovationB)HighcostsofsolarpanelsC)RelianceoncoalindustriesD)Insufficientgovernmentfunding4.Whatmeasureissuggestedtosupportaffectedworkersduringthetransition?A)TaxincentivesforenergycompaniesB)TrainingprogramsforgreenjobsC)IncreasedsubsidiesforfossilfuelsD)Reductionofrenewableenergytargets二、判断题（共3题，每题2分）2.UrbanizationandPublicTransportationinMegacities（本篇选自《城市研究》2023年，分析亚洲主要城市公共交通的发展与挑战。）Passage:Asia'smegacities,suchasTokyo,Delhi,andShanghai,aregrapplingwithrapidurbanization,withpopulationsexceeding20millionineach.Publictransportationhasbeenakeysolutiontoreducetrafficcongestionandpollution.However,inefficienciespersist,suchasovercrowdedtrainsduringpeakhoursandinadequatecoverageinperipheralareas.Governmentsareinvestinginsmarttransitsystems,includingreal-timetrackingandcontactlesspayments,toimproveuserexperience.Yet,sustainabilityremainsaconcern,asenergyconsumptionandinfrastructuremaintenancerequirelong-termplanning.Questions:1.TrueorFalse:Tokyohasthehighestpopulationdensityamongthethreecitiesmentioned.2.TrueorFalse:Publictransportationistheonlysolutiontourbantrafficproblems.3.TrueorFalse:Smarttransitsystemsareprimarilyaimedatreducingenergyconsumption.三、填空题（共3题，每题2分）3.TheRoleofArtificialIntelligenceinHealthcare（本篇选自《NatureMedicine》2023年，探讨AI在疾病诊断和治疗中的应用。）Passage:Artificialintelligencehasrevolutionizedhealthcarebyenhancingdiagnosticaccuracyandpersonalizingtreatmentplans.Machinelearningalgorithmsanalyzemedicalimageswithprecision,reducinghumanerror.Forinstance,AIsystemsinradiologyhavebeentrainedtodetectearlysignsofcancerinX-raysandMRIs.Additionally,AI-drivendrugdiscoveryacceleratesthedevelopmentofnewmedications,savingbothtimeandresources.However,ethicalconcernspersist,particularlyregardingdataprivacyandalgorithmicbias.RegulatoryframeworksmustevolvetoensureAItoolsareequitableandsecure.Questions:1.Fillintheblank:AIinhealthcareimprovesdiagnosticaccuracyby_________.A)increasinghumanworkloadB)reducinghumaninterventionC)eliminatingtheneedformedicaltrainingD)raisingpatientcosts2.Fillintheblank:AI-drivendrugdiscovery_________.A)slowsdownmedicalresearchB)requiresnohumanoversightC)acceleratesthedevelopmentofnewmedicationsD)isonlyusefulformentalhealthdisorders3.Fillintheblank:EthicalconcernsinAIhealthcareinclude_________.A)energyconsumptionB)dataprivacyandalgorithmicbiasC)joblossesinhospitalsD)increasedhealthcarecosts四、简答题（共2题，每题3分）4.ClimateChangeandAgriculturalProductivityinAfrica（本篇选自《非洲发展报告》2023年，分析气候变化对非洲农业生产的影响及应对措施。）Passage:ClimatechangeposesaseverethreattoagricultureinAfrica,whereover60%ofthepopulationdependsonfarming.Risingtemperaturesandirregularrainfallpatternsreducecropyields,particularlyinSub-Saharannations.Droughtsandfloodsfurtherexacerbatethesituation,leadingtofoodinsecurity.Tomitigatethesechallenges,Africangovernmentsarepromotingdrought-resistantcropsandefficientirrigationsystems.Internationalcollaborations,suchastheAfricanUnion’sGreenDeal,aimtointegrateclimate-smartagriculture.However,limitedaccesstotechnologyandfinancialresourcesremainsabarrier.Questions:1.WhatarethetwomainimpactsofclimatechangeonAfricanagriculture?2.Whataretwoproposedsolutionstoimproveagriculturalproductivityintheregion?翻译部分一、汉译英（共2题，每题5分）5.环境保护与可持续发展（本段选自《中国绿色时报》2023年，强调企业在可持续发展中的责任。）中文原文：企业作为经济发展的重要推动力，在环境保护中扮演着关键角色。通过采用清洁生产技术和绿色供应链，企业能够减少资源浪费和环境污染。同时，政府应制定更严格的环境法规，鼓励企业承担社会责任。只有企业、政府和公众共同努力，才能实现真正的可持续发展。二、英译汉（共2题，每题5分）6.TheFutureofRemoteWorkintheDigitalAge（本段选自《哈佛商业评论》2023年，讨论远程工作对职场文化的影响。）EnglishOriginal:Thedigitalagehastransformedthetraditionalofficeintoaflexibleworkspace,withremoteworkbecomingthenewnorm.Whilethisshiftoffersemployeesgreaterautonomyandcompaniesreducedoverheadcosts,italsochallengesworkplacedynamics.Communicationgapsandisolationhaveemergedaskeyissues,requiringinnovativesolutionssuchasvirtualteam-buildingactivitiesanddigitalcollaborationtools.Ashybridmodelsgaintraction,organizationsmustbalanceflexibilitywithproductivitytosustainamotivatedworkforce.答案与解析一、多项选择题1.TheImpactofRenewableEnergyPoliciesonGlobalEconomicDevelopment1.B2.B3.C4.B解析：1.文章核心观点是可再生能源政策的经济效益大于环境担忧，故B正确。2.文章明确提到丹麦是可再生能源的领导者，故B正确。3.文章指出依赖煤炭行业的地区面临挑战，故C正确。4.文章建议通过培训支持受影响的工人，故B正确。2.UrbanizationandPublicTransportationinMegacities1.False2.False3.False解析：1.文章未比较人口密度，故错误。2.文章提到公共交通是解决方案之一，但非唯一，故错误。3.文章强调智能交通系统改善用户体验，而非减少能耗，故错误。二、判断题3.TheRoleofArtificialIntelligenceinHealthcare1.True2.False3.True解析：1.文章提到AI减少人为错误，故正确。2.文章指出AI加速药物研发，故错误。3.文章提到数据隐私和算法偏见，故正确。三、填空题3.TheRoleofArtificialIntelligenceinHealthcare1.reducinghumanerror2.acceleratesthedevelopmentofnewmedications3.dataprivacyandalgorithmicbias解析：1.文章强调AI提高诊断准确性，故填reducinghumanerror。2.文章提到AI加速药物研发，故填acceleratesthedevelopmentofnewmedications。3.文章指出数据隐私和算法偏见是伦理问题，故填dataprivacyandalgorithmicbias。四、简答题4.ClimateChangeandAgriculturalProductivityinAfrica1.Risingtemperaturesandirregularrainfallpatternsreducecropyields;droughtsandfloodsexacerbatethesituation.2.Promotingdrought-resistantcropsandefficientirrigationsystems;internationalcollaborationsliketheAfricanUnion’sGreenDeal.解析：1.文章明确指出高温、降雨不均和灾害导致减产，故填上述内容。2.文章提出的企业和政府解决方案，故填上述内容。一、汉译英5.环境保护与可持续发展Companies,askeydriversofeconomicdevelopment,playacrucialroleinenvironmentalprotection.Byadoptingcleanproductiontechnologiesandgreensupplychains,theycanreduceresourcewasteandpollution.Meanwhile,governmentsshouldimposestricterenvironmentalregulationstoencouragecorporatesocialresponsibility.Onlythroughjointeffortsamongbusinesses,governments,andthepu