八年级上册英语第一单元unit1知识点及练习题

八年级上册英语Unit1核心知识点梳理与能力训练引言八年级上册的英语学习，是在七年级基础上的深化与拓展。Unit1作为新学期的开端，通常围绕“假期活动”、“过去的经历”等主题展开，核心语法点聚焦于一般过去时的运用。扎实掌握本单元的知识点，不仅能帮助同学们流利地谈论过往，更是后续学习更复杂时态和话题的基石。本文将对本单元的核心词汇、短语、句型及语法进行系统梳理，并辅以针对性练习，助力同学们夯实基础，提升语言运用能力。一、核心词汇与短语(KeyVocabularyandPhrases)词汇是语言的基石。本单元的词汇多与“活动”、“出行”、“感受”相关，同学们在记忆时，建议结合具体语境，并尝试用所学词汇描述自己的真实经历。1.常用动词及动词短语*go(went):gotothemountains,gotoNewYorkCity,gotosummercamp,goonvacation,goshopping,goout*do(did):domyhomework,dosomereading,dosports*visit(visited):visitmyuncle,visitmuseums*stay(stayed):stayathome,staywithmyfamily*study(studied):studyfortests*have(had):haveagoodtime,havefun,havesomethingtoeat/drink*buy(bought):buysth.forsb./buysb.sth.*see(saw):seesb./sth.*meet(met):meetsb.*feel(felt):feelhappy/tired/excited*arrive(arrived):arrivein(大地方)/at(小地方)*decide(decided):decidetodosth.*try(tried):trytodosth.,trysth.*forget(forgot):forgettodosth.,forgetdoingsth.2.常用名词*vacation:summervacation,wintervacation*mountain(s):highmountains*beach:gotothebeach*museum:sciencemuseum,historymuseum*park:abeautifulpark*exam/test:finalexam*guide:agoodguide*activity:outdooractivities*weather:goodweather,badweather*food:deliciousfood3.常用形容词与副词*形容词(Adjectives):wonderful,excellent,great,good,bad,terrible,boring,interesting,exciting,busy,free,happy,sad,tired,relaxed,delicious,expensive,cheap,special*副词(Adverbs):*程度副词：very,quite,really,so*频率副词：always,usually,often,sometimes,hardlyever,never(本单元可能涉及对过往习惯性动作的提问，但核心仍为一般过去时)*其他：too,also,either,just,only4.重点短语*goonvacation去度假*stayathome待在家里*gotothemountains去爬山*gotothebeach去海滩*visitmuseums参观博物馆*gotosummercamp去参加夏令营*quiteafew相当多；不少(后接可数名词复数)*studyfortests为考试而学习*goout出去*mostofthetime大部分时间*tastegood尝起来不错*haveagoodtime=havefun=enjoyoneself玩得开心*ofcourse当然*feellike给……的感觉；感受到*goshopping去购物*inthepast在过去*walkaround四处走走*becauseof因为*onebowlof...一碗……*thenextday第二天*drinktea喝茶*findout查明；弄清二、核心句型(KeySentencePatterns)本单元的核心句型围绕“询问和描述过去发生的事情及经历”展开，主要运用一般过去时。1.谈论过去的经历(AffirmativeSentences)*Iwenttothemountainslastweekend.*Shevisitedhergrandparentsyesterday.*Theyplayedbasketballafterschool.*Wehadgreatfuninthepark.2.询问过去的经历(InterrogativeSentences)*Wheredidyougoonvacation?你去哪里度假了？*IwenttoBeijing./Istayedathome.*WhatdidyoudolastSunday?你上周日做什么了？*Ididmyhomework./Iwentshoppingwithmymom.*Whodidyougowith?你和谁一起去的？*Iwentwithmyfamily./Iwentalone.*Howwasyourvacation?你的假期怎么样？*Itwasgreat!/Itwasnotbad./Itwasterrible.*Didyougoanywhereinteresting?你去了什么有趣的地方吗？*Yes,Idid./No,Ididn't.*Howdidyoufeelaboutthetrip?你觉得这次旅行怎么样？*Ifeltveryhappy./Itwasexciting.3.否定句(NegativeSentences)*Ididn'tgotothepartylastnight.*Hedidn'tfinishhishomeworkyesterday.*Theyweren'tathomejustnow.(was/were的否定)三、语法焦点(GrammarFocus)1.一般过去时(SimplePastTense)*含义:表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态。常与表示过去的时间状语连用，如：yesterday,lastweek/year/month,twodaysago,in2020,justnow等。*构成:*Be动词:第一人称单数(I)/第三人称单数(he/she/it)+was;第二人称(you)/第一人称复数(we)/第三人称复数(they)+were。*肯定句：主语+was/were+其他.e.g.,Iwasatschoolyesterday.Theywerehappy.*否定句：主语+was/were+not+其他.e.g.,Iwasnot(wasn't)athome.Theywerenot(weren't)here.*一般疑问句：Was/Were+主语+其他?e.g.,Wereyoubusy?Yes,Iwas./No,Iwasn't.*实义动词:主语+动词的过去式+其他。*肯定句：主语+动词过去式+其他.e.g.,SheplayedtennislastSunday.*否定句：主语+didnot(didn't)+动词原形+其他.e.g.,Shedidn'tplaytennislastSunday.*一般疑问句：Did+主语+动词原形+其他?e.g.,DidsheplaytennislastSunday?Yes,shedid./No,shedidn't.*动词过去式的构成:*规则变化:*一般在动词词尾加-ed.e.g.,work-worked,play-played,visit-visited.*以不发音的e结尾的动词，加-d.e.g.,live-lived,like-liked.*以辅音字母+y结尾的动词，变y为i再加-ed.e.g.,study-studied,worry-worried.*以重读闭音节结尾，且末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词，双写这个辅音字母再加-ed.e.g.,stop-stopped,plan-planned.2.不定代词与限定词*something,anything,nothing,everything:这些词被形容词修饰时，形容词要后置。*Iboughtsomethingspecialformymother.(肯定句用something)*Didyouseeanythinginteresting?(疑问句用anything)*Hedidn'tdoanythingallday.(否定句用anything)*Everythingtastesgood.*someone,anyone,noone,everyone:*Everyonehadagoodtime.*Didyoumeetanyonefamous?3.副词"too","also","either"的用法区别*too:用于肯定句末，表示“也”。e.g.,Ilikeapples,too.*also:用于肯定句中，be动词、助动词、情态动词之后，实义动词之前，表示“也”。e.g.,Ialsolikeapples.Heisalsoastudent.*either:用于否定句末，表示“也（不）”。e.g.,Idon'tlikebananas,either.四、能力训练与巩固(PracticeExercises)I.词汇运用(Vocabulary)A)根据句意及首字母提示补全单词。1.Wev_______theGreatWalllastsummer.Itwasamazing.2.—Howwasyourschooltrip?—Itwast_______.Ididn'thavefunatall.3.Shestayedathomeands_______forthemathtestyesterday.4.Iatenothing,becauseIwasnoth_______.5.Thefoodinthatrestaurantt_______delicious.Wealllikedit.B)用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。1.He_______(go)tothebeachwithhisfriendslastSaturday.2.They_______(notplay)socceryesterdayafternoon.They_______(watch)TVathome.3.—_______(do)you_______(study)fortheEnglishtest?—Yes,Idid.4.Myfatheroftentellsmestoriesabouthis_______(live)inthecountryside.5.Iboughtalotof_______(photo)whenIvisitedthemuseum.II.句型转换(SentenceTransformation)按要求改写下列句子，每空一词。1.Iwenttothemountainsonvacation.(对划线部分提问)______________you_______onvacation?2.Tomdidhishomeworklastnight.(改为否定句)Tom______________hishomeworklastnight.3.Shewasathomeyesterday.(改为一般疑问句，并作否定回答)—_______sheathomeyesterday?—No,she_______.4.Theyplayedbasketballinthepark.(对划线部分提问)______________they_______basketball?5.WehadagoodtimeinBeijing.(改为同义句)We______________inBeijing./We_____________________inBeijing.III.单项选择(MultipleChoice)()1.—Where_______you_______lastweekend?—Iwenttothelibrary.A.do;goB.did;goC.did;wentD.do;went()2.Mybrother_______totheGreatWallwithmyparentslastmonth.A.goB.goesC.wentD.willgo()3.—Didyoubuy_______special?—No,Ibought_______.A.something;nothingB.anything;nothingC.anything;somethingD.something;anything()4.Hedidn'tgotoschoolyesterday_______hewasill.A.soB.becauseC.butD.and()5.—HowwasyourtriptoHangzhou?—_______.Iwanttogothereagain.A.ItwasterribleB.ItwasgreatC.IwastiredD.Ididn'tlikeit阅读下面短文，选择最佳答案。Lastsummer,IwentonvacationwithmyfamilytoSanya,Hainan.Itwasmyfirsttimetogothere.Theweatherwasveryhotandsunny.Westayedinahotelnearthesea.Onthefirstday,wewenttothebeach.Thesandwaswhiteandtheseawasblue.Weswamintheseaandplayedbeachvolleyball.Itwassomuchfun!Intheafternoon,wetriedsomeseafood.Itwasdelicious.Onthesecondday,wevisitedabigaquarium.Wesawmanykindsoffishandseaanimals.Itookalotofphotosthere.Intheevening,wewalkedalongthestreetandboughtsomegiftsforourfriends.Onthethirdday,weclimbedasmallmountain.Fromthetop,wecouldseethewholecity.Itwasbeautiful.Wefeltalittletiredbutveryhappy.IhadawonderfultimeinSanya.Ihopetogothereagainsomeday.()1.Wheredidthewritergoonvacationlastsummer?A.ToBeijing.B.ToShanghai.C.ToSanya.D.ToGuangzhou.()2.HowwastheweatherinSanya?A.Hotandsunny.B.Coldandrainy.C.Warmandcloudy.D.Coolandwindy.()3.Whatdidtheydoonthefirstday?A.Theyvisitedanaquarium.B.Theyclimbedamountain.C.Theywenttothebeach.D.Theywalkedalongthestreet.()4.Whendidtheybuygiftsfortheirfriends?A.Onthefirstevening.B.Onthesecondevening.C.Onthethirdmorning.D.Onthethirdafternoon.()5.Howdidthewriterfeelaboutthetrip?A.Boring.B.Terrible.C.Wonderful.D.Tiring.五、参考答案与解析(AnswersandExplanations)I.词汇运用A)1.visited2.