人教版八年级英语下册单元语法归纳及练习全套

八年级下册的英语学习，是在七年级基础上的深化与拓展，语法知识的系统性也更强。扎实掌握这些语法点，不仅能帮助我们更好地理解和运用英语，也是应对各类考试的关键。下面，我将和同学们一起，对本学期各单元的核心语法进行梳理，并配上针对性的练习，希望能为大家的学习助一臂之力。Unit1What'sthematter?本单元的核心语法围绕情态动词should/shouldn't的用法展开，主要用于表达建议、义务和责任。语法归纳1.情态动词should/shouldn't+动词原形：表示“应该/不应该做某事”，用于给他人提出建议或表达某种义务。*肯定式：主语+should+动词原形+...*Youshoulddrinkmorewater.(你应该多喝水。)*Heshouldseeadoctor.(他应该去看医生。)*否定式：主语+shouldn't+动词原形+...*Youshouldn'teattoomuchjunkfood.(你不应该吃太多垃圾食品。)*Sheshouldn'tstayuplate.(她不应该熬夜。)*疑问式：Should+主语+动词原形+...?*ShouldItakesomemedicine?(我应该吃点药吗？)*Shouldwecallthepolice?(我们应该报警吗？)实战练习一、用should或shouldn't填空。1.You_______washyourhandsbeforemeals.2.Hehasatoothache.He_______eatsomanycandies.3._______Itellherthetruth?4.They_______studyharderfortheexam.5.She_______belateforschoolagain.二、根据图片提示，用should/shouldn't给出建议。(此处假设有图片，如：一个男孩咳嗽；一个女孩在阳光下看书)Example:(男孩咳嗽)Heshouldseeadoctor.Heshouldn'tsmoke.1.(女孩在阳光下看书)She_______.She_______.Unit2I'llhelptocleanupthecityparks.本单元聚焦动词不定式(Infinitive)的用法，特别是其在句中作宾语、状语等成分，以及一些常见的跟不定式的动词。语法归纳1.动词不定式的基本形式：to+动词原形(有时to可以省略，如在使役动词let,make,have后，或感官动词see,hear,watch等后作宾补时，但本单元主要掌握带to的不定式)。2.常见用法：*作宾语：跟在某些动词后，如want,hope,decide,plan,learn,agree,offer,try,forget,remember等。*Iwanttohelpothers.(我想帮助别人。)*Shehopestogotocollege.(她希望上大学。)*Theydecidedtovolunteerattheoldpeople'shome.(他们决定去养老院做志愿者。)*作目的状语：表示“为了...”*Hegotupearlytocatchthefirstbus.(他起得很早是为了赶上第一班车。)*Weneedmoneytobuybooks.(我们需要钱来买书。)3.重点短语：*help(to)dosth.帮助做某事(to可以省略)*volunteertodosth.自愿做某事*wanttodosth.想要做某事*plantodosth.计划做某事实战练习一、用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空。1.Mybrotherwants_______(be)adoctorwhenhegrowsup.2.Theyplan_______(visit)theGreatWallnextsummer.3.Sheoffered_______(teach)meEnglish.4.Wedecided_______(go)hikingthisweekend.5.Helikes_______(help)hismomwithhousework.(此处也可接动名词，但本单元重点是不定式)二、句型转换：将下列句子改为否定句和一般疑问句。1.Tomhopestojointhemusicclub.*Negative:Tom_____________________jointhemusicclub.*Question:_______Tom______________jointhemusicclub?Unit3Couldyoupleasecleanyourroom?本单元的核心语法是“Couldyouplease...?”句型用于提出请求或寻求许可，以及情态动词may/might表示请求或许可，同时复习巩固动词不定式。语法归纳1.“Couldyouplease...?”句型：*功能：用于礼貌地请求他人做某事。*结构：Couldyouplease+动词原形+...?*Couldyoupleasecleanyourroom?(你能打扫一下你的房间吗？)*Couldyoupleasepassmethesalt?(你能把盐递给我吗？)*肯定回答：Sure./Ofcourse./Noproblem./Certainly.*否定回答：Sorry,Ican't.Ihaveto.../I'mafraidIcan't.Ineedto...2.“CouldI...?”句型：*功能：用于礼貌地请求许可做某事。*结构：CouldI+动词原形+...?*CouldIuseyourphone?(我能用一下你的电话吗？)*肯定回答：Sure,youcan./Goahead.*否定回答：Sorry,youcan't./I'mafraidnot.3.make/letsb.dosth.：使役动词make和let后接不带to的不定式作宾语补足语。*Mymommakesmecleanmyroomeveryday.(我妈妈让我每天打扫房间。)*Let'sgotothepark.(让我们去公园吧。)实战练习一、根据情景，用“Couldyouplease...?”或“CouldI...?”写出合适的句子。1.Youwantyourclassmatetolendyouapen.__________________________________________________________________________3.YouwantyourbrothertoturndowntheTV._____________________________________二、用所给词的适当形式填空。1.Myteacheroftenmakesus_______(read)Englishinthemorning.(read)2.Lethim_______(help)youwithyourhomework.(help)3.Couldyouplease_______(open)thewindow?It'shothere.(open)Unit4Whydon'tyoutalktoyourparents?本单元主要学习过去进行时(PastContinuousTense)，并将其与一般过去时进行对比，理解它们在语境中的不同用法。语法归纳1.过去进行时的构成：主语+was/were+动词的现在分词(V-ing)*I/He/She/It+was+V-ing*You/We/They+were+V-ing2.过去进行时的用法：*表示过去某个特定时间点正在进行的动作。常与表示过去时间点的词或从句连用，如at8o'clocklastnight,thistimeyesterday,when引导的时间状语从句等。*Iwasdoingmyhomeworkat9pmlastnight.(昨晚九点我正在做作业。)*Theywereplayingbasketballthistimeyesterday.(昨天这个时候他们正在打篮球。)*表示过去某段时间内一直在进行的动作。*Shewasreadinganovelallmorningyesterday.(昨天整个上午她都在看小说。)3.过去进行时与一般过去时的对比：*过去进行时：强调动作在过去某时正在进行(过程)。*一般过去时：强调动作在过去发生了(结果或短暂动作)。*常由when或while连接两个过去的动作：*WhenIarrivedhome,mymotherwascookingdinner.(当我到家时，我妈妈正在做晚饭。)(arrived是短暂动作，用一般过去时；wascooking是持续动作，用过去进行时)*WhilemyfatherwaswatchingTV,Iwasdoingmyhomework.(当我爸爸在看电视时，我正在做作业。)(两个持续动作同时进行，都用过去进行时)实战练习一、用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空。1.I_______(read)abookwhenthephone_______(ring)lastnight.(wasreading,rang)2.They_______(play)soccerontheplaygroundat4pmyesterday.(wereplaying)3.What_______you_______(do)thistimelastSunday?(were,doing)二、用一般过去时或过去进行时填空，完成短文。Yesterdayevening,Tom_______(sit)inthelivingroom.He_______(watch)afootballgameonTV.Hisparents_______(notbe)athome.They_______(visit)Tom'sgrandparents.Suddenly,thephone_______(ring).Tom_______(stand)upand_______(answer)it.Itwashisfriend,Jim.He_______(ask)Tomtogoouttoplay.ButTom_______(say)he_______(watch)thegame.Unit5Whatwereyoudoingwhentherainstormcame?本单元继续深化过去进行时的用法，并重点学习when和while引导的时间状语从句在过去进行时中的应用，以及一些与过去事件相关的词汇表达。语法归纳1.Whenvs.While：*When：既可以引导一个短暂性动作(一般过去时)，也可以引导一个持续性动作(过去进行时)。*Whentherainstormcame,Iwasreadingabook.(当暴风雨来的时候，我正在看书。)(came是短暂动作，用一般过去时；wasreading是持续动作，用过去进行时)*WhenIwaswalkinghome,Imetanoldfriend.(当我正在步行回家时，我遇到了一位老朋友。)(waswalking是持续动作，用过去进行时)*While：通常引导一个持续性动作(过去进行时)，表示“在...期间”。while引导的从句可放在主句前或后。*WhileIwasdoingmyhomework,mysisterwaslisteningtomusic.(当我在做作业时，我妹妹在听音乐。)(两个持续动作同时进行)*Thephonerangwhileshewastakingashower.(她正在洗澡时，电话响了。)*简化：在不引起歧义的情况下，while从句中与主句相同的主语和be动词可以省略。*While(shewas)walking,shefoundawallet.(走路时，她发现了一个钱包。)2.常用时间状语：atthattime,atthistimeyesterday,from8to10lastnight,whentheaccidenthappened等。实战练习一、用when或while填空。1._______Iwascooking,thelightswentout.2.Iwasdoingmyhomework_______mymothercameback.3._______theteachercameintotheclassroom,thestudentsweretalkingloudly.4._______Tomwasreading,Jimwaswriting.二、将下列句子合并为一句，用when或while连接。1.IwaswatchingTV.Mybrothercamein._____________________________________2.Itbegantorain.Wewerewalkinghome._____________________________________3.Shewassinging.Herlittlesisterwasdancing._____________________________________Unit6Anoldmantriedtomovethemountains.本单元的语法重点是一般过去时(SimplePastTense)的综合运用，因为讲述过去的故事、传说等必然大量使用一般过去时。同时，我们也会接触到一些与故事相关的连词，如so...that...,assoonas,unless等引导的状语从句，这些从句中也常用一般过去时。语法归纳1.一般过去时的构成：*规则动词：动词原形+-ed(e.g.,worked,played,listened)*不规则动词：需要特殊记忆(e.g.,go-went,see-saw,eat-ate,begin-began,do-did,take-took)2.一般过去时的用法：*表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态。常与表示过去的时间状语连用，如yesterday,lastweek,threedaysago,in2020,justnow等。*HewenttoBeijinglastsummer.(他去年夏天去了北京。)*Theywereveryhappyyesterday.(他们昨天非常开心。)*表示过去经常或习惯性的动作。(可与often,usually,always等连用)*IoftenplayedbasketballwhenIwasyoung.(我年轻时经常打篮球。)3.常用句型：*肯定句：主语+动词过去式+...*否定句：主语+didn't+动词原形+.../主语+wasn't/weren't+...*一般疑问句：Did+主语+动词原形+...?/Was/Were+主语+...?4.故事中的常见表达：*Onceuponatime,...(从前，...)*Longlongago,...(很久很久以前，...)*Oneday,...(有一天，...)实战练习一、用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空。1.He_______(live)inShanghaitwoyearsago.(lived)2.She_______(notgo)toschoolyesterdaybecauseshewasill.(didn'tgo)3._______you_______(see)themovielastnight?(Did,see)4.They_______(be)veryexcitedafterthegame.(were)5.Myfather_______(buy)anewcarlastmonth.(bought)二、用一般过去时改写下列句子。1.Iusuallygetupat7am.(yesterday)_____________________________________2.Sheishappy.(lastSunday)_____________________________________3.Dotheyplayfootballafterschool?(lastSaturday)_____________________________________Unit7What'sthehighestmountainintheworld?语法归纳1.形容词比较级和最高级的构成：*规则变化：*单音节词和部分双音节词：*一般在词尾加-er(比较级)/-est(最高级)。如：tall-taller-tallest,fast-faster-fastest.*以不发音的e结尾的词，