2025-2026学年河南省某学校高二上学期12月期中考试英语试题（解析版）

高级中学名校试卷PAGEPAGE1河南省某学校2025-2026学年高二上学期12月期中英语试题第一部分听力（略）第二部分阅读（共两节，满分50分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。AAnimal-likerobotsarepopular.Andyet,saysBarbaraMazzolai,anItalianroboticist,thefieldofroboticsisfarlessinterestedinexploringtheothermajorcategoryoflivingthings—plants.Sheputstheunwillingnessdowntoamisconception(误解)abouttheusefulnessofplantbehavior:thattheyarecapableofneithermotionnorperception(感知).“It’snottrueatall,”shesays.Dr.MazzolaiandherteamrecentlycreatedFiloBot,arobotbasedonclimbingplants.Liketherealthing.FiloBotiscapableofgrowing,attachingtoandwrappingitselfaroundsupports,andadaptingitselftoanenvironmentinresponsetoexternalstimuli.FiloBotimitatesthebehaviorsofaclimbingtreeusingsensorsinitsheadwhichisalsoequippedwithalayerofplasticandaheatingelement.Bysofteningandextruding(挤压出)theplasticinacircularpattern,itcan3D-printitsownbodyatarateoftwotosevenmillimetersperminute.Dependingonbrightnessanddirection,itchangestheheatthattheplasticisexposedto—lowertemperaturesresultinalighterbodythatincreasesinsizemorequickly,whilehighertemperaturesmakeitthickerandstrongerandgrowmoreslowly.TheresearchersfoundthatthesesimplefunctionalitieswereenoughtoletFiloBotmovethroughacomplexandunseenenvironment,crossgapsandfindthingstoattachto.Thelackofheavyon-boardcomputinghardware,theysay,meansthatitmoveseasilyandrequiresminimalmonitoring,whileitsslowpacemeansthatitdoesn’tdisturbthingsaroundit.Theysupposethatthismakesitsuitableforpotentialapplicationsincludingenvironmentalmonitoringinhard-to-reachlocations,ormonitoringdisastersiteswhereexistingfacilitiesisunstable.Dr.Mazzolaihopesthatsuchprojectswillmotivateotherroboticiststodrawinspirationfromplants.Theplantkingdomisaworld,shesays,withacompletelydifferentapproachtotheanimalone.“Andwecandevelopnewtechnologiesandartificialsolutions,becauseitissodifferent.”1.Whatleadstolimitedexplorationofplant-likerobots?A.Theslowgrowthrateofplants.B.Thelackofplantresearchcapability.C.Themisunderstandingofplantbehavior.D.Thedifficultyofapplyingplant-likerobots.2.HowdoesFiloBotgrow?A.Bypressingamotionsensor. B.Byexposingitselftosunlight.C.Bypushingoutsoftenedplastic. D.Bycontrollingoutsidetemperature.3.Whatisthepurposeofthistext?A.Topointoutthevalueofrobotics. B.Topresentanewlyinventedrobot.C.Tocallformoreresearchintorobots. D.Tocorrectamisconceptionaboutplants.【答案】1.C2.C3.B【语篇解读】本文为一篇说明文。本文主要讲述了人们对于植物的误解，认为植物不能移动，不能感知外界，所以人们对于植物类机器人开发得很少。然而，意大利机器人学家芭芭拉·马佐莱认为植物可以感知外界，并以此为思路发明了机器人FiloBot，它可以在复杂的环境中移动，并监测周围环境，它的慢节奏移动也意味着它不会打扰周围的事物。【1题详析】细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Andyet,saysBarbaraMazzolai,anItalianroboticist,thefieldofroboticsisfarlessinterestedinexploringtheothermajorcategoryoflivingthings—plants.Sheputstheunwillingnessdowntoamisconception(误解)abouttheusefulnessofplantbehavior:thattheyarecapableofneithermotionnorperception(感知).(然而，意大利机器人专家芭芭拉·马佐莱说，机器人领域对探索生物的另一个主要类别——植物——的兴趣要小得多。她把这种不情愿归结为对植物行为有用性的误解：它们既不能运动也不能感知。)”可知，是因为对植物行为的误解导致了人们不愿意去开发植物机器人。故选C。【2题详析】细节理解题。根据文章第三段“FiloBotimitatesthebehaviorsofaclimbingtreeusingsensorsinitsheadwhichisalsoequippedwithalayerofplasticandaheatingelement.Bysofteningandextruding(挤压出)theplasticinacircularpattern,itcan3D-printitsownbodyatarateoftwotosevenmillimetersperminute.(FiloBot通过头部的传感器模仿爬树的行为，该传感器还配备了一层塑料和加热元件。通过将塑料软化并挤压成圆形，它可以以每分钟2到7毫米的速度3D打印自己的身体。)”可知，FiloBot通过塑料软化并挤压成为圆形，促进生长。故选C。【3题详析】推理判断题。根据文章第二段“Dr.MazzolaiandherteamrecentlycreatedFiloBot,arobotbasedonclimbingplants.Liketherealthing.FiloBotiscapableofgrowing,attachingtoandwrappingitselfaroundsupports,andadaptingitselftoanenvironmentinresponsetoexternalstimuli.(马佐莱博士和她的团队最近创造了一种基于攀缘植物的机器人FiloBot。就像真的一样。FiloBot能够生长，附着在支撑物上，并将自己包裹在支撑物周围，并根据外部刺激使自己适应环境。)”以及全文内容可知，本文主要介绍一项新发明的机器人。故选B。BTimemagazinehaschosenits2024KidoftheYear—andit’sHemanBekele,ateenagerwhocouldchangethewayskincanceristreated.AsastudentfromFairfax’sWoodsonHighSchool,BekeledivideshistimebetweentheclassroomandthelabatJohnsHopkinsUniversity,wherehe’sinventingasoapthatcouldonedaytreatthedeadlydisease.“IwasraisedunderthethoughtthatIcouldalwaysaskquestions,andbeascuriousaspossible,”Bekelesaid.“Andthispushedmetothefieldofscience.”SomeofBekele’searliestmemorieswereseeingfarmersworkundertheterribleheatwithnoheatprotectionfromthesun’sUVraysinEthiopia,wherehewasborn.ThiswasonefactorthatmadehimtackleskincancerafterhemovedtotheUS.Athome,Bekele—who’dentertainhimselfforhoursasachildbymixingtogetheranyhouseholdproductshecouldgethishandsonandseeingwhatwouldhappen—beganwonderinghowhecouldhelp.“What’sonethingthatisaninternationallyimpactfulidea,somethingeveryonecanuse,regardlessofsocioeconomicclass?”Bekeleaskedhimself.“Almosteveryoneusessoapandwaterforcleaning.Sosoapwouldprobablybethebestoption.”SoBekelebeganhisdeliberatetrial-and-errorprocess,whichledhimtolearnaboutacream-basedskincancertreatmentcalledImiquimodthatdidproducedesiredresults—butcancostasmuchas$180fortheuninsuredinAmerica.Inspiredbythecream,Bekeledesignedhisaffordablesoap.Bekeleknewhe’dneedanactuallabtorefinehiscreation.Bekeleappliedto—andwon—theMinnesota-basedtechcompany3M’sYoungScientistChallengein2023,securing$25,000andthetitleof“America’sTopYoungScientist”.Now,withthehelpofJohnsHopkins’professorandbiologistVitoRebecca,Bekelehasbeentestingthesoaponmiceattheuniversity’slabforalmosthalfayear.Thesoapstillhasalongwaytogo:Testing,patentingitandgettingFDAcertificationcouldtakeadecade.Buteventhen,Bekelewillonlybe25yearsold.4.WhatinitiallyinspiredBekeletocomeupwithhisideatocureskincancer?A.Thefarmers’exposuretothehotsun.B.Hisjourneyfromtheclassroomtothelab.C.Thedeadlydiseaseheoncesufferedfrom.D.HisbeingnamedTime’sKidoftheYear.5.WhatdoweknowaboutImiquimod?A.ItwasinventedbyBekele. B.Bekeleproveditssideeffects.C.Itiseffectivebutexpensive. D.Bekeleproduceditforhissoap.6.WhydidBekeleparticipateintheYoungScientistChallenge?A.TomeetProfessorVitoRebecca. B.Togetsupporttobetterhissoap.C.Togainthesoappatentfrom3M. D.Topromoteready-madeproducts.7.WhatcanwelearnfromBekele’sstory?A.Thinkingandactionmeanpotentialsuccess.B.Successwillgetpersonaldesiressatisfied.C.Beingfamousisagreatthirstoftheyoung.D.Geniusestendtogetthingsdonecreatively.【答案】4.A5.C6.B7.A【语篇解读】本文为一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了HemanBekele发明了一种可能有助于对抗皮肤癌的肥皂。【4题详析】细节理解题。根据文章第二段“SomeofBekele’searliestmemorieswereseeingfarmersworkundertheterribleheatwithnoheatprotectionfromthesun’sUVraysinEthiopia,wherehewasborn.ThiswasonefactorthatmadehimtackleskincancerafterhemovedtotheUS.(Bekele最早的记忆是在他出生的Ethiopia，看到农民在可怕的高温下工作，没有隔热措施来抵御太阳的紫外线。这是他移居美国后应对皮肤癌的一个因素。)”可知，是看农民在太阳下暴晒工作从而导致他想要来找出办法治疗皮肤癌。故选A。【5题详析】细节理解题。根据文章第三段“SoBekelebeganhisdeliberatetrial-and-errorprocess,whichledhimtolearnaboutacream-basedskincancertreatmentcalledImiquimodthatdidproducedesiredresults—butcancostasmuchas$180fortheuninsuredinAmerica.(因此Bekele就开始了深思熟虑的试验-错误-再试验的过程，这也就让他了解了一种名为Imiquimod的以奶油为基础的皮肤癌的治疗方法，它的确产生了预期的效果，但它的成本却高达180美元。)”可知，Imiquimod是有效果的，但价格很贵。故选C。【6题详析】推理判断题。根据文章第四段“Bekeleknewhe’dneedanactuallabtorefinehiscreation.Bekeleappliedto—andwon—theMinnesota-basedtechcompany3M’sYoungScientistChallengein2023(Bekele知道他需要一个真正的实验室来完善他的创造，Bekele在2023年申请并赢得了Minnesota科技公司3M青年科学家挑战赛。)”可推知，Bekele参加去青年科学挑战赛是为了可以有实验室来完善他的肥皂发明，故是为了得到支持从而进一步完善肥皂。故选B。【7题详析】推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Timemagazinehaschosenits2024KidoftheYear—andit’sHemanBekele,ateenagerwhocouldchangethewayskincanceristreated.(《时代》杂志评选出了“2024年最佳儿童”——一位青少年，他可能会改变癌症的治疗方法。)”以及后文对HemanBekele发明了一种可能有助于对抗皮肤癌的肥皂的介绍可知，文章主要通过对青少年HemanBekele发明抗癌肥皂的故事的描写，从而表达出只要敢想敢行动，不论什么年龄，都能成功。故选A。CAsystemthathelpsvisuallyimpaired(视觉受损的)peopletonavigatetheirsurroundingsusingcameras,earphonesandartificialintelligence(AI)couldofferadvantagesoverconventionalsticksforpeoplelivinginlargecities.Camerashaveahigherrangethanastick,whichcantypicallydetectobstacles(障碍物)thatarearoundonemetreinfrontoftheperson.Thesystemfeaturesapairofglassesequippedwithacamerathatcapturesliveimagesofthewearer’ssurroundings.Atinycomputerprocessestheseimagestodetectthepresenceofotherpeopleandobjectssuchasdoors,wallsandfurniture.Thedevicegivestheuseraudiocuesabouttheirsurroundingsevery250milliseconds,producingasoundineithertherightorleftearphonetoguidethemintherightdirection.Theresearchersalsocreatedflexible“artificialskin”layersthatuserswearontheirwristsandfingers,foradditionalnavigationalassistance.Thebandsareequippedwiththeirowncamerasystemandthelayersvibrate(震动)towarnthewearerwhenanobstacleisbetween40centimetresand50centimetresaway.Theresearchersfirstworkedwith12participantswithvisualimpairmentstoevaluatehowwellthesystemcouldhelpthemtoavoidobstacleswhenwalkingthroughrooms.Aftertrainingwiththesystem,allparticipantswereabletonavigateindoors.Inanothertrial,thetechnologycontinuedtoperformwellwheneightparticipantstestedthedeviceinreal-worldsituations-includingwalkingonacitystreetandthroughaconferenceroomwithfurniture.Theapproachisuniqueincombiningaudioandtouchfeedbacktokeepusersawareofwhatisaroundthem,saysEduardoFernándezJover,amedicaldoctoratMiguelHernándezUniversity.“It’saproofofconcept.Theystillneedtoproveitinahighernumberofsubjectsaswellaspeopleofdifferentages.Theauthorsnowplantoadjustthedesignofthedevicetomakeitlighterandtinier.Thenit’smoreinvisible,sopeoplewillfeelcomfortabletouseit.”saysstudyco-authorLeileiGu,anAIresearcheratShanghaiJiaoTongUniversityinChina.8.Whymightthenewsystembebetterfortheblind?A.Itreplacestheneedforawalkingstick.B.Itcandetectthingsfartherthanastick.C.Ithasbeeninvisibleandcomfortabletouse.D.Ithasmorecamerasthanothersmartdevices.9.Whatisparagraph2mainlyabout?A.Howthesystemfunctions. B.Howaudiocuesareused.C.Howthesystemdetectsobstacles. D.Howartificialskinlayersarecreated.10.Whatmakesthisnavigationsystemspecial?A.Itusesbothhearingandtouchfeedback. B.Itneedsnotrainingtoworkwell.C.Itcanbeappliedtopeopleofdifferentages. D.Itcanbeusedinanyreal-worldsituation.11.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthetext?A.AIGlassesandSkinLayersforNavigationB.SmarterWayfortheBlindtoWalkintheCityC.NewTechHelpsBlindPeopleAvoidObstaclesD.High-TechToolstoAssisttheVisuallyImpaired【答案】8.B9.A10.A11.D【语篇解读】这篇文章是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一种帮助视障人士导航的新系统，该系统结合了摄像头、耳机和人工智能，提供了比传统手杖更远的探测范围和更全面的导航辅助。【8题详析】细节理解题。根据原文第一段的句子“Camerashaveahigherrangethanastick,whichcantypicallydetectobstaclesthatarearoundonemetreinfrontoftheperson.(摄像头的探测范围比拐杖大，拐杖通常只能检测到前方约一米处的障碍物)”可知，新系统能比拐杖检测到更远的东西，这是它对盲人更好的原因。故选B项。【9题详析】主旨大意题。根据第二段的主要内容“Thesystemfeaturesapairofglassesequippedwithacamerathatcapturesliveimagesofthewearer’ssurroundings.Atinycomputerprocessestheseimagestodetectthepresenceofotherpeopleandobjectssuchasdoors,wallsandfurniture.Thedevicegivestheuseraudiocuesabouttheirsurroundingsevery250milliseconds,producingasoundineithertherightorleftearphonetoguidethemintherightdirection.Theresearchersalsocreatedflexible“artificialskin”layersthatuserswearontheirwristsandfingers,foradditionalnavigationalassistance.Thebandsareequippedwiththeirowncamerasystemandthelayersvibratetowarnthewearerwhenanobstacleisbetween40centimetresand50centimetresaway.(该系统配备了一副带有摄像头的眼镜，可以实时捕捉佩戴者周围环境的图像。一台小型计算机处理这些图像，以检测其他人的存在以及诸如门、墙和家具等物体。该设备每250毫秒向用户提供关于周围环境的音频提示，在右耳塞或左耳塞中产生声音，引导他们朝正确方向前进。研究人员还创造了可弯曲的“人造皮肤”层，用户可以戴在手腕和手指上，以获得额外的导航辅助。这些带子配备了它们自己的摄像头系统，当障碍物在40厘米到50厘米之间时，这些层会震动以警告佩戴者。)”可知，第二段详细描述了该系统的工作原理，包括摄像头如何捕捉图像、计算机如何处理图像以检测障碍物，以及如何通过音频和触觉反馈引导用户。因此，第二段主要介绍了系统的功能。故选A项。【10题详析】细节理解题。根据文章第四段的句子“Theapproachisuniqueincombiningaudioandtouchfeedbacktokeepusersawareofwhatisaroundthem,saysEduardoFernándezJover,amedicaldoctoratMiguelHernándezUniversity.(米格尔Hernández大学的医学博士EduardoFernándezJover说，这种方法的独特之处在于，它将声音和触摸反馈结合在一起，让用户了解周围的情况。)”可知，该导航系统特别之处在于它结合了听觉和触觉反馈。故选A项。【11题详析】主旨大意题。根据全文内容，特别是第一段“Asystemthathelpsvisuallyimpairedpeopletonavigatetheirsurroundingsusingcameras,earphonesandartificialintelligence(AI)couldofferadvantagesoverconventionalsticksforpeoplelivinginlargecities.(一个帮助视障人士使用摄像头、耳机和人工智能导航周围环境的系统，可能为生活在大城市的视障人士提供比传统手杖更多的优势。)”可知，文章主要介绍了一种结合了摄像头、耳机和人工智能的新型导航系统，旨在帮助视障人士更好地导航。因此，最佳标题是“D.High-TechToolstoAssisttheVisuallyImpaired(高科技工具帮助视障人士)”。故选D项。DIstext-messagingdrivingusapart?Thesedays,wetalktoeachotheralotwithourthumbs—sendingsixbilliontextmessagesaday,andlikelyafewbillionmoreonserviceslikeWhatsApp.Butsomeworrythatsomuchmessagingleadstolesscommunication.Forinstance,whenhangingoutwithfriends,we’dbetextingsecretivelyatthesametime,pretendingtomaintaineyecontactbutmentallysomewhereelse.Newtechnologiesoftenupsetthewaywerelatetooneanother,ofcourse.Butsuchdivisioncausedbytextinghaveastrongechointheargumentswehadovertelephoneahundredyearsago.Thesmalldevicegaveusanewwaytocontactoneanotherandquicklypromotenewformsofsocializing.Callersarrangedregular“visiting”calls,dialingremotefamilytocatchuponnews.Soon,though,socialcriticsthoughtitwouldbesoeasytotalkthatwe’dneverleaveeachotheralone.Othersworriedthatthetelephonespeduplife,demandinginstantreactions.Theuseofthetelephonegavelittleroomforreflection.Itproducedacrazinessintheordinaryconcernsoflifewhichdidn’tmakefordomestichappiness.“Weshallsoonbenothingbuttransparentpilesofjelly(果冻)toeachother,”aLondonwritermoanedin1897.However,nowadaysthetelephonecallseemslikeathrowbacktoagentlerera.WhenJennaBirch,acommunicationprofessorattheUniversityofIowa,starteddatingamanwhoinsistedoncallingheronthephone,shefounditwarmanddelightful.Soshedoesn’tthinktheshifttotextinghasdegradedourinteractions.Accordingtoherstudy,teenagerswhotextthemostarealsothosewhospendthemosttimefacetofacewithfriends.Communication,itseems,bringsmorecommunication,and—assheargues—justbecausetalkhappensintextdoesn’tmeanit’snotmeaningful.MichéleMartinofCarletonUniversity,thinkswe’relivingthroughareplayofthetelephone,wherethethingsthatmadeitvaluable—instantcommunications—arethesamethatmadeitannoying.“Peoplebelievetheyareliberatedbecausetheycanbringthemobilephoneeverywhere,”Martinsays.“Butatthesametime,theyareslavestoit.”12.What’sthefunctionofthefirstparagraph?A.Tointroducethetopic. B.Todescribeascene.C.Toofferanargument. D.Toissueawarning.13.Accordingtoparagraph4,whatdoestelephoneusecause?A.Peopleexperienceverytightschedule. B.Peopletendtolackindividuality.C.Peoplebecomenarrowanduninformed. D.Peoplelosetheabilitytoreflect.14.Whatcanwelearnfromparagraph5?A.Telephonecallsareparticularlywelcomedindating.B.Teenagersareaddictedtocommunicatingbytexting.C.Theshifttotextingisdestructivetoface-to-facetime.D.Themeaningofcommunicationgoesbeyondmedium.15.What’sthebesttitleforthetext?A.OhMyGod!We’veBeenHereBefore! B.GonewiththeWind,DearTexting!C.LifeisTooShortforSoManyTexting. D.Oh,Telephone,aTaleofTwoSides.【答案】12.A13.B14.D15.A【语篇解读】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讨论了短信交流是否导致人与人之间疏远，通过对比短信与电话交流的影响来探讨这一问题。【12题详析】推理判断题。根据第一段“Istext-messagingdrivingusapart?Thesedays,wetalktoeachotheralotwithourthumbs—sendingsixbilliontextmessagesaday,andlikelyafewbillionmoreonserviceslikeWhatsApp.(短信正在让我们疏远吗？如今，我们经常用拇指互相交谈——每天发送60亿条短信，而在WhatsApp等服务上可能还会多发送几十亿条。)”可知，第一段通过提出“短信是否让我们疏远”的问题，并给出当前短信发送量的数据，来引出文章要讨论的主题。故选A。【13题详析】细节理解题。根据第四段“ Soon,though,socialcriticsthoughtitwouldbesoeasytotalkthatwe’dneverleaveeachotheralone.Othersworriedthatthetelephonespeduplife,demandinginstantreactions.Theuseofthetelephonegavelittleroomforreflection.Itproducedacrazinessintheordinaryconcernsoflifewhichdidn’tmakefordomestichappiness.“Weshallsoonbenothingbuttransparentpilesofjelly(果冻)toeachother,”aLondonwritermoanedin1897.(然而不久之后，社会评论家们认为，仅仅通过通话就能交流得如此顺畅，以至于我们根本无法独处片刻。还有人担心电话会加快生活节奏，要求人们立即做出反应。电话的使用几乎没有给人们留下思考的空间。它让日常生活中原本平凡的事情变得混乱不堪，这不利于家庭的幸福。“我们很快就会变成彼此透明的果冻般的存在了。”1897年，一位伦敦作家如此哀叹道。)”可知，文章第四段提到，反对电话的人认为，电话使得人们交流过于便捷，会让人失去独处的时间，还会加速生活节奏，要求人们即时回应，且缺乏思考空间，甚至认为这会让人们在日常事务中变得“疯狂”，一位伦敦作家还抱怨“我们很快会变成彼此面前透明的果冻”，暗示人们会因电话失去个性和隐私。A选项“日程紧张”并非原文强调的核心问题；C选项“视野狭窄、信息闭塞”与电话促进沟通的特点相悖；D选项“失去思考能力”原文表述为“缺乏思考空间（gavelittleroomforreflection）”，并非“失去思考能力”，表述不准确，故B选项正确。电话的使用导致人们往往缺乏个性。故选B。【14题详析】推理判断题。根据第五段“However,nowadaysthetelephonecallseemslikeathrowbacktoagentlerera.WhenJennaBirch,acommunicationprofessorattheUniversityofIowa,starteddatingamanwhoinsistedoncallingheronthephone,shefounditwarmanddelightful.Soshedoesn’tthinktheshifttotextinghasdegradedourinteractions.Accordingtoherstudy,teenagerswhotextthemostarealsothosewhospendthemosttimefacetofacewithfriends.Communication,itseems,bringsmorecommunication,and—assheargues—justbecausetalkhappensintextdoesn’tmeanit’snotmeaningful.(但如今，打电话反而像是回到了更温和的旧时光。爱荷华大学的传播学教授珍娜・伯奇曾和一个坚持打电话联系她的人约会，她觉得这种方式温暖又愉快。因此她认为，转向短信交流并没有降低我们互动的质量。根据她的研究，发短信最多的青少年，也是和朋友面对面相处时间最长的群体。看来，沟通只会带来更多沟通——而且正如她所说，不能仅仅因为交流是通过短信进行的，就否定它的意义。)”可知，沟通的意义超越了媒介本身。故选D。【15题详析】主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章首先提出短信是否导致人与人之间疏远的问题，然后通过对比短信与电话交流的影响，指出新技术往往会改变我们彼此相处的方式，但短信交流并不一定意味着沟通没有意义。文章最后提到，我们正在经历电话时代的重演，其中使电话有价值的东西——即时通讯——也是使它令人讨厌的东西。因此，A选项“OhMyGod!We’veBeenHereBefore!(天哪！我们以前来过这里！)”最符合文章主旨，既表达了短信与电话交流影响的相似性，又带有一种对历史重演的感慨，适合用作标题。故选A。第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。TheDailyHabitsofEffectiveLeadersLeadershipisoftenperceivedasagiftwithbirth.____16____LifecoachAllisonTaskhighlightsthatbyadoptingspecificdailyhabitsandmentalshifts,anyonecanlearntostepintoaroleofgreaterinfluenceandresponsibility.Everyonehasaccesstothesameinformation;thedifferenceliesinhowit’sused.____17____Leadersidentifyopportunitiesinsituationsandhelpothersdothesame.Crucially,youdon’tneedtobebornwiththisskill,insteaditcanbebuiltbyfocusingonopportunities,especiallyintoughtimes.AllisonTaskonceworkedatEarthWeb,whereCEOJackHidary(aformerNYCmayorcandidate)oftensaid,“____18____”Hewouldexplainmarketideas,thenwaitforteammemberstorephrasethevisionintheirownwords—ensuringeveryonefeltinvestedinthegoal.Whilethiscommunicationtakestime,itavoidsthebiggertroubleofleadingalonewhiletheteammemberswanderoffindifferentdirections.Taskoncegreetedatherapistwhohasanofficeinherbuilding.Heresponded,“Crazy,likeusual,”andhurriedoff.He’stalkingaboutbeingcrazy.____19____Ifhecan’tdothatinhisownlife,howcanhehelppeoplelivetheirs?Leadersareconstantrolemodels.Theirbehavior—fromhowtheytreatotherstotheirpersonalhabitsregardingsleep,diet,andexercise—iscontinuouslyobservedandsubconsciouslyfollowedbytheirteam.Inconclusion,thejourneytobecominganeffectiveleaderisaccessibletoall.Itbeginswithcultivatingamindsetthatseeksopportunityinadversity,ensuressharedunderstandingthroughdeliberatecommunication,andleadsbyexampleinbothprofessionalandpersonalconduct.____20____A.Itisn’tsaiduntileveryonesaysit.B.Isn’tatherapist’sgoaltohelppeoplebelesscrazy?C.Realleadersdon’tgettrappedinthewormholeofsocialmedia.D.Itisacollectionofskillsthatcanbeintentionallydeveloped,though.E.Onarainyday,onecancomplainorseizethechancetosellumbrellas.F.Byintegratingthesehabits,individualscanstepintorewardingleadershiproles.G.It’seasytobelievethatleadersarebraveandconfidentenoughtotakeboldrisks.【答案】16.D17.E18.A19.B20.F【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了有效领导者的日常习惯，说明人人都能通过培养这些习惯成为有效领导者。【16题详析】由上文“Leadershipisoftenperceivedasagiftwithbirth.(领导力常被视为与生俱来的天赋。)”以及下文“LifecoachAllisonTaskhighlightsthatbyadoptingspecificdailyhabitsandmentalshifts,anyonecanlearntostepintoaroleofgreaterinfluenceandresponsibility.(人生教练AllisonTask强调，通过养成特定的日常习惯并做出思维转变，任何人都能学会承担更具影响力和责任感的角色。)”可知，领导力可后天培养。选项D“It'sacollectionofskillsthatcanbeintentionallydeveloped,though.(但是，它是一系列可刻意培养的技能)”衔接上下文，其中代词It指代上文提到的“Leadership”，且“intentionallydeveloped”对应下文的“anyonecanlearn”，选项D起到承上启下的作用，符合题意。故选D。【17题详析】由上文“Everyonehasaccesstothesameinformation;thedifferenceliesinhowit'sused.(每个人都能获取相同信息，差异在于如何运用)”以及下文“Leadersidentifyopportunitiesinsituationsandhelpothersdothesame.(领导者在情境中发现机会并帮助他人也做到)”可知，选项E“Onarainyday,onecancomplainorseizethechancetosellumbrellas.(下雨天，有人会抱怨，有人会抓住卖伞的机会。)”通过举例说明如何运用信息、发现机会，且选项中“complainorseize”对应上文“thedifferenceliesinhowit’sused”，符合题意。故选E。【18题详析】由下文“Hewouldexplainmarketideas,thenwaitforteammemberstorephrasethevisionintheirownwords—ensuringeveryonefeltinvestedinthegoal.(他会阐释市场理念，然后等待团队成员用自己的话重新表述愿景——确保每个人都能融入到目标中。)”可知，选项A“itisn'tsaiduntileveryonesaysit.(直到每个人都能表达出来才算数。)”说明要让每个人都能理解并表达愿景，符合题意，且选项中“everyonesaysit”对应下文“theirownwords”。故选A。【19题详析】由上文“Taskoncegreetedatherapistwhohasanofficeinherbuilding.Heresponded,‘Crazy,likeusual,’andhurriedoff.He’stalkingaboutbeingcrazy.(Task曾和一位在她办公楼里有办公室的治疗师打过招呼。那位治疗师回应道：‘疯了，和往常一样。’然后就匆匆离开了。他是在说‘疯了’这种状态。)”可知，选项B“Isn'tatherapist'sgoaltohelppeoplebelesscrazy?(治疗师的目标不是帮人们减少疯狂吗？)”承接上文，选项中“belesscrazy”对应上文“beingcrazy”，符合逻辑。故选B。【20题详析】由上文“Inconclusion,thejourneytobecominganeffectiveleaderisaccessibletoall.Itbeginswithcultivatingamindsetthatseeksopportunityinadversity,ensuressharedunderstandingthroughdeliberatecommunication,andleadsbyexampleinbothprofessionalandpersonalconduct.(总之，成为一名高效领导者的过程对所有人都是可企及的。它始于培养一种思维模式：在逆境中寻找机会，通过审慎的沟通确保团队达成共识，并在职业和个人行为中都以身作则。)”可知，选项F“Byintegratingthesehabits,individualscanstepintorewardingleadershiproles.(通过整合这些习惯，个人能承担有意义的领导角色。)”对前文进行总结，说明整合这些习惯的结果，其中“thesehabits”指代上文提到的几种方法，符合语境。故选F。第三部分语言运用（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。ThePoseidonEffectLateoneautumndayatthelocalswimmingpoolinAncenis,France,an18-year-oldnamedJeanLeRoycameforhisregulareveningswiminthe25-metrepool.Whenpeoplearedrowning,theydon’tusuallyshoutand_____21_____inthewayithappensontelevision.Mostpeopledrownquite_____22_____,withthepersonquicklysinkingbeneaththewater.Ontheevening,LeRoywastestinghowfarhecouldswimunderwater_____23_____onebreath.Atsomemoment,ashewasdoingthis,hebecameunconscious._____24_____hetriedhecouldn’tbreathe.Hesanktothebottomofthepool.LeRoywasdrowning.Luckilyforhim,theswimmingpoolwas____25____withanelectronicsurveillancesystemcalledPoseidon.Althoughthehumanlifeguardshadnotnoticed,12largemachineeyesdeepunderwaterwerewatchingthewholething.Poseidonhasunderwatercameraswhich_____26_____peopleastheyswim.Thecamerasareconnectedtoacomputer.Itis_____27_____torecognize_____28_____aswimmerisnotmovingnormally.ThelifeguardsattheAncenispoolwerewearingaspecialdevicethat_____29_____whenthecomputerdetectedapossibleproblem.SixteensecondsafterPoseidonnoticedLeRoy’sbody,thelifeguardshadpulledhimoutofthepool.Hestartedbreathingagain.Afteronenightinhospital,hewassenthomecompletely_____30_____.Poseidonhadsavedhislife.MachineslikePoseidoncompletelychangehowwelive.Thinkofyourlifebeforetheansweringmachinewasinvented.Thinkofyourgrandparents’livesbeforethetelevisionandtheairplanewereintroduced.Thechangewillbejustasgreat.Itis_____31_____happening.Soon,machineswillrecognizeourfacesandourfingerprints.Theywill_____32_____fordrowningpeople,for____33____carryingbombs,forspeedingdriversandheartpatients.Imaginedevicesthatmonitorababy’sbreathingandtrackchildrenastheygotoandfromschool.Imaginemachines_____34_____quietsignalstonearbycomputers,whichwillsendinformationtoyourdoctor,yourlawyer,andthelocalpolice.Astimepasses,moreandmoreofourliveswillbe_____35_____bymachines.Theywillknowallaboutus.21.A.splash B.cry C.yell D.scream22.A.soon B.quietly C.silently D.simply23.A.in B.within C.over D.on24.A.Nomatterhow B.However C.Whoever D.Whatever25.A.established B.installed C.set D.equipped26.A.show B.film C.propagate D.outline27.A.postulated B.made C.programmed D.relayed28.A.whether B.when C.while D.if29.A.alarmed B.beeped C.warned D.alerted30.A.healthy B.normal C.safe D.well31.A.always B.merely C.readily D.already32.A.watchout B.takecare C.lookback D.goover33.A.terrorists B.invalids C.senators D.tyrants34.A.willsend B.tosend C.send D.sending35.A.recorded B.checked C.monitored D.supervised【答案】21.A22.C23.D24.B25.B26.B27.C28.B29.B30.D31.D32.A33.A34.D35.C【语篇解读】本文是说明文。介绍了Poseidon电子监控系统如何改变我们的生活方式，以及它如何帮助拯救溺水者的生命。【21题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：当人们溺水时，他们通常不会像电视上那样大喊大叫、四处扑腾。A.splash拍水；B.cry哭泣；C.yell大喊；D.scream尖叫。根据后文“Mostpeopledrownquite,withthepersonquicklysinkingbeneaththewater.”可知，大多数人溺水时很安静，很