水利英语 课件 U2 Water Transportation Water Transportation Engineering

Unit2

WaterTransportationWaterTransportationEngineering1.understandthebasiccontentsofwatertransportationengineering;2.understandthegeneralsituationofthedevelopmentofYangtzeRivershipping;3.understandthedevelopmentofportsinChina;4.understandthenewdevelopmentandmodernwaterconservancyconstructionmodeoftheBeijing-HangzhouGrandCanal.Afterlearningthisunit,youshould:

PartⅠLead-in

PartⅡProfessionZoomIn

PartⅢCareerZoomIn

PartⅣReal-LifePracticeTask1Thinkaboutthefollowingquestions.PartⅠ

Lead-in

1.WhatisthesourceoftheYangtzeRiverandwhatmakesitunique?

2.ComparethecontainertransportationsituationoftheYangtzeRiverbeforeandafter2016.

3.Whatistheworld’slargestcontainerport?

4.ListthefamousportsinChinathatyouknow.Task

2Listentothedialogueandfillintheblankswithwhatyouhear.PartⅠ

Lead-in(A=lecturer;B=student)A:Doyouknowwhatwatertransportationengineeringmainlyincludes?Watertransportationengineeringmainlyincludes(1)_________andwaterways.Canyoulistsomespecificwatertransportprojects?Thebeaconlights,lighthousesandchanneldredgingthatcanbeseenatordinarytimesareall(2)_________engineeringprojectsWhattypesofnavigablebuildingsarethere?Navigationstructuresmainlyinclude(3)____________andshiplifts.WhatarethefastnavigationstructuresoftheThreeGorgesProject?TheThreeGorgesWaterControlProjecthasthelargestship(4)_________intheworld,whichcanenableshipstopassthroughtheriverdamquickly.DoyouknowwhichWaterwayswehave?China’sfamouswaterwaysinclude(5)_________andtheBeijing-HangzhouGrandCanal.B:portsB:A:B:A:B:A:B:A:waterwaylighthouseslockLingquProfessionZoomInReading

TheYangtzeRiverBasinhasalonghistoryandisanauthenticnaturalriver.IthasbredChinesecultureandnurturedgenerationsofChinesepeople.TheYangtzeRiveroriginatesfromtheQinghai-XizangPlateau,knownasthe“roofoftheworld”.Ithasafarsource,longwaterflowandnumerousmainstreams.ItisthemostimportanttransportationchannelforwatertransportationinChina.TheYangtzeRiverconnectstheinlandandtheocean,andthemainstreamconnectstheeastandthewest,traversingthenorthandthesouth,connectingthecitiesalongtheriverintoagrandtransportationnetwork.TheYangtzeRiverhasnotonlybuiltabridgetocommunicatewithoverseasmarketsbutalsopromotedtheeconomicdevelopmentofcitiesalongtheriverandmadegreatcontributionstoChina’sshippingindustryandtradeindustry.译文返回原文⼀、⻓江⽔运长江流域历史长久，是一条正宗的自然河流，它孕育了华夏文化，哺育了一代又一代中华儿女。长江发源于有“世界屋脊”之称的青藏高原，其源头悠远，水流悠长，主流众多，是中国水运最重要的运输航道。长江将内陆和海洋相衔接，干流通东西，主流连南北，将沿江城市衔接成一个宏大运输网络。长江不只架起了与海外市场沟通的桥梁，还促进着沿江城市的经济开展，为中国航运业、贸易业做出了宏大的奉献。Reading

TheYangtzeRivershippingplaysavitalroleinChina’seconomicdevelopment,especiallyinthedevelopmentoftheriverbasineconomy.Asearlyas2005,thefreightvolumeoftheYangtzeRivertrunklinerankedfirstintheworldandbecamethemostprosperousriverintheworld.In2007,thefreightvolumewas1.123billiontons.10yearslater,thefreightvolumein2016morethandoubledto2.31billiontons.ThefreightvolumeoftheYangtzeRivershippingisgrowingatarapidrate.

In2014,thecontainerthroughputoftheYangtzeRiverwas13millionTEUs,andin2016,thecontainerthroughputwas15.2millionTEUs,ayear-on-yearincreaseof17%,In2018,theannualcontainerthroughputoftheYangtzeRivertrunklinereached17.5millionTEUs,ayear-on-yearincreaseof15.1%over2016.In2021,thecontainerthroughputhasreached22.82millionTEUs.

Thenumberoflargeportswithmorethan100milliontonsofYangtzeRivertrunklinealsoincreasedfrom11in2014to14in2016.译文返回原文长江船运对我国的经济发展，特别是对流域经济的发展起着至关重要的作用。早在2005年，长江干线货运量就排名第一，成为世界上最繁华的河流。2007年货运11.23亿吨，10年后的2016年货运量翻了2倍多，到达23.1亿吨，长江航运的货运量在以迅猛的速度增长着。

2014年长江集装箱吞吐量1300万标箱，2016年集装箱吞吐量1520万标箱，同比增长了17%;2018年，长江干线年集装箱吞吐量完成1750万标箱，较2016年同比增长15.1%。2021年集装箱吞吐量2282万标箱。长江干线亿吨大港也从2014年的11个增长到2016的14个。Reading

DuetoChina’sdevelopedpopulationandtrade,sevenoftheworld’stop10portswerelocatedinChinain2016.In2018,China’sportcargothroughputreached14.351billiontons,about1,430timesthatoftheearlydaysofthefoundingofNewChina,rankingfirstintheworld.Amongthetop10portsintheworldintermsofportcargothroughput,Chinaholds7seats(NingboranksfirstinZhoushan,Shanghairankssecond,Tangshanranksthird,Guangzhouranksfifth,Qingdaorankssixth,Suzhouranksseventh,andTianjinranksninth).

ShanghaiYangshandeep-waterportislocatedintheruggedislandsoutsidethemouthofHangzhouBay.ItiscomposedofXiaoyangshanIsland,DonghaiBridge,andYangshanBondedPortArea.ItopenedonDecember10,2005.ItbelongstotheShanghaiportareaintermsofbusinessbutgeographicallyitbelongstoShengsiCountyinZhoushanCity,ZhejiangProvince.ThetotalplannedareaofYangshanportareaismorethan25squarekilometers,includingfourportsintheEast,West,South,andNorth.Accordingtotheprincipleofone-timeplanningandphasedimplementation,itwillbeconstructedinfourphasesfrom2002to2020.译文返回原文⼆、中国港⼝由于中国人口和贸易的发达，2016年，全球排名前十的港口中，有七个位于中国。2018年，全国港口货物吞吐量完成143.51亿吨，约为新中国成立初期的1430倍，居世界第一；港口货物吞吐量世界排名前十的港口中，中国占7席(宁波舟山第一、上海第二、唐山第三、广州第五、青岛第六、苏州第七、天津第九)上海洋山深水港位于杭州湾口外的崎岖列岛，由小洋山岛域、东海大桥、洋山保税港区组成，于2005年12月10日开港，在业务上属于上海港港区，行政区划属于浙江省舟山市的嵊泗县。洋山港港区规划总面积超过25平方公里，包括东、西、南、北四个港区，按一次规划，分期实施的原则，自2002年至2020年分四期建设。Reading译文

YangshanPortisabout32kilometersawayfromLuchaoPortinNanhui,Shanghaiinthenorthwest,about90kilometersawayfromBeilunPortinNingbointhesouth,andonly45nauticalmilesawayfrominternationalroutes.ItisthenearestdeepwaterporttoShanghaiandhasbecomeanewlandmarkoftheShanghaiInternationalShippingCenter.Thankstothedevelopmentofdeepwaterportsandinternationallinershippingroutesallovertheworldformanyyears.In2016,ShanghaiYangshanPortcompletedacargothroughputof702milliontonsandacontainerthroughputof37.13millionTEUs,withayear-on-yearincreaseof3.5%,rankingfirstintheworldfor11consecutiveyearssince2010.

Sofar,itisthelargestintelligentcontainerterminalintheworld.返回原文洋山港西北距上海市南汇芦潮港约32公里，南至宁波北仑港约90公里，距国际航线仅45海里，是距上海最近的深水良港，已经成为上海国际航运中心新坐标。得益于洋山深水港的规划建设和多年发展，国际班轮航线遍及全球各主要航区。2016年，上海洋山港完成货物吞吐量7.02亿吨，完成集装箱吞吐量3713万标准箱，同比增长3.5%，自2010年以来连续7年保持世界第一。迄今为止，洋山港是全球最大的智能集装箱码头。bred[bred]v.（breed的过去式和过去分词）孕育plateau[ˈplætəʊ]n.高原basin[ˈbeɪs(ə)n]n.流域prosperous[ˈprɒspərəs]adj.繁荣的throughput[ˈθruːpʊt]n.（货物）吞吐量port[pɔːt]n.港口landmark[ˈlændmɑːk]n.地标Qinghai-XizangPlateau青藏高原roofoftheworld世界屋脊morethandoubled超过两倍year-on-yearincrease同比增长trunkline干线；主航线phasedimplementation分期实现deep-waterport深水港intelligentcontainerterminal智能集装箱码头TheYangtzeRiverBasinhasalonghistoryandisanauthenticnaturalriver.IthasbredChinesecultureandnurturedgenerationsofChinesepeople.译文：长江流域有着悠久的历史，是一条名副其实的自然河流。它孕育了中华文化，哺育了世世代代的中国人民。注释：“authenticnaturalriver”表示长江是一条真正的自然河流，强调了其自然属性。“bredChineseculture”和“nurturedgenerationsofChinesepeople”分别表示长江孕育了中华文明和哺育了一代又一代的中国人民，强调了长江对于中国的重要作用。❶ThefreightvolumeoftheYangtzeRivershippingisgrowingatarapidrate.译文：长江航运的货运量正在以迅猛的速度增长。注释：“rapidrate”表示迅速。这句话说明了长江航运在中国经济发展，特别是流域经济发展中发挥着至关重要的作用。❷Amongthetop10portsintheworldintermsofportcargothroughput,Chinaholds7seats(NingboranksfirstinZhoushan,Shanghairankssecond,Tangshanranksthird,Guangzhouranksfifth,Qingdaorankssixth,Suzhouranksseventh,andTianjinranksninth).译文：在港口货物吞吐量方面，世界十大港口中，中国占据了七个（宁波舟山港排名第一，上海港排名第二，唐山港排名第三，广州港排名第五，青岛港排名第六，苏州港排名第七，天津港排名第九）。注释：“seats”在此处是“席位”的意思。括号内的内容具体说明了中国在全世界前十名中的七个港口及其排名。❸ItisthenearestdeepwaterporttoShanghaiandhasbecomeanewlandmarkoftheShanghaiInternationalShippingCenter.译文：它是离上海最近的深水港，已成为上海国际航运中心的新标志。注释：“deepwaterport”的意思是深水港，这个句子描述了上海洋山深水港作为离上海最近的深水港的位置特点，以及它已成为上海国际航运中心的新标志的重要性。❹ReadingTask1Matchthewordsontheleftwiththeirmeaningsontheright.ReadingTask

2Completethefollowingsentenceswiththewordsorexpressionsinthebox.Changetheformifnecessary.Theuseofcontainersinmodernshippingisverycommon,whichisasignofthedevelopmentofmodernshipping.Itcangreatlyimprovetheefficiencyofcargohandling.Thethroughputofcontainerportsisgenerallymeasuredbythenumberof________._____________________istheworld’slargestcontainerportandthelargestsmartport.TheYellowRiveristhesecondlargestriverinChinaaftertheYangtzeRiver.However,duetotheunevenwatervolumeoftheYellowRiver,the_______inthedryseasonisratherloworevencutoff,soitisimpossibletodevelopinlandnavigation.1.2.3.TEUflowshiplocksTEUShanghaiYangshanPorthighShanghaiYangshanPortflowReadingTheirriver-blockingdamstageaffectsthenavigationoftheYangtzeRiver.Inordertosolvethisproblem,________aresetupinbothprojectstoensuresmoothnavigation.Morethan100rivercrossingbridgeshavebeenbuiltonthemainstreamoftheYangtzeRiver.Inordernottoaffectnavigation,thebottomoftherivercrossingbridgeontheYangtzeRivershouldbe________enoughtoavoidaffectingpassingships.4.5.flowshiplocksTEUShanghaiYangshanPorthighshiplockshighReadingTask

3Decidewhetherthefollowingstatementsaretrue(T)orfalse(F)accordingtothetext.In2016,5ofthetop10portsintheworldwerelocatedinChina.In2018,China’sportcargothroughputreached1.4351billiontons,about1,430timesthatoftheearlydaysofthefoundingofnewChina.Chinaholds5seatsamongthetop10portsintheworldintermsofportcargothroughput.ShanghaiYangshanDeep-WaterPortislocatedonruggedislandsoutsidethemouthofHangzhouBayandiscomposedofXiaoyangshanIsland,DonghaiBridge,andYangshanBondedPortArea.YangshanPorthasbeenconstructedinfourphasessince2002andwillbecompletedin2020.()1.()2.()3.()4.()5.FTFTTListeningInclass,teachersandstudentsdiscusswatertransportationengineering.Waterwayengineeringincludeswaterways,portsandotherrelatedbuildings.Amongthem,waterwayengineeringismainlyaboutwaterwaydredging.Canyoutelluswhatdisciplinewaterwayengineeringisrelatedto?Waterwayregulationismainlyrelatedtothelawofwaterflowandwatersandmovement,soitshouldberelatedtothe(1)____________coursewehavelearned.Sowhatdisciplinesareporthydraulicstructuresrelatedto?Porthydraulicstructuresmainlyincludewharf,breakwateranddock,whicharerelatedtostructuraldisciplines,suchasgeologyand(2)_______________.ThedamoftheThreeGorgesWaterControlProjectcutsoffthereachoftheThreeGorgesoftheYangtzeRiver.InordertoensurethenavigationoftheYangtzeRiver,theThreeGorgesWaterControlProjecthassetuprelevanthydraulicstructures.Whatstructuresarethey?A:B:(A=teacher,B=student)A:B:hydraulicsmechanicsA:ListeningInordertoensurethenormalnavigationoftheThreeGorgesreach,theThreeGorgesWaterControlProjecthasspeciallysetupnavigationstructures,namely(3)_________________andshiplift.TheYangtzeRiverBasinreferstothevastareathroughwhichthemainstreamandtributariesoftheYangtzeRiverflow.WhichcitiesdoesthemainstreamoftheYangtzeRiverflowthrough?ThemainstreamoftheYangtzeRiverflowsthroughmanycities.(4)_________________,Nanjing,(5)_________________,Yichang,andChongqingarearrangedinorderfromtheseaentrance.B:shiplockA:B:ShanghaiWuhanSpeakingMakeadialogueusingtheinformationandusefulexpressionsprovidedbelow,andintroducethesituationoftheYangtzeRivertoyourpartner.

TheYangtzeRiverhasatotalvoyageof70,000kilometers,accountingformorethan70%ofthecountry.ThemainandtributarychannelsoftheYangtzeRiverandtheBeijing-HangzhouGrandCanaljointlyformChina’slargestinlandwatertransportnetwork.Amongthem,thenavigationmileageofthemainstreamis2,713kilometers,startingfromYibin,SichuananddowntotheYangtzeRiverEstuary.Therearemorethan700tributarychannelsandmorethan50mainbranches,withthedownstreamTaihuLakewatersystembeingthemostdeveloped.ThemainstreamandtributarywatertransportationcentersareChongqing,Wuhan,Changsha,Nanchang,WuhuandShanghai.Comparedwithothercountriesintheworld,thenavigationmileageoftheYangtzeRiversystemranksfirstintheworld.SpeakingUsefulexpressionsyoumayuse:1.…hasatotalvoyageof…2.…accountingformorethan…3.…canaljointlyform…4.startingfrom…,anddownto…5.Comparedwithothercountriesintheworld…6.locatedinthesouthernwingof…7.animportanthubof…8.Asanimportantpartof…9.theportisthecorecarrierofservingthe…10.Itisanimportantsupportfor…CareerZoomInReading

TheBeijing-HangzhouGrandCanal,builtintheSpringandAutumnPeriod,isthelongestandlargestancientcanalintheworld,andoneoftheoldestcanals.TogetherwiththeGreatWallandKarez,itisknownasthethreegreatprojectsinancientChinaandhasbeenusedtodate.ItisagreatprojectcreatedbytheworkingpeopleinancientChinaandoneofthesymbolsofChina’sculturalstatus.TheBeijing-HangzhouGrandCanalstartsfromYuhang(today’sHangzhou)inthesouthandendsatZhuojun(today’sBeijing)inthenorth.Itpassesthroughthefourprovincesandtwocitiesoftoday’sZhejiang,Jiangsu,Shandong,Hebei,Tianjin,andBeijing,andconnectsthefivemajorwatersystemsoftheHaiheRiver,theYellowRiver,theHuaiheRiver,theYangtzeRiver,andtheQiantangRiver.ThetotallengthoftheGrandCanalisabout1,797kilometers.ThecanalhasplayedagreatroleintheeconomicandculturaldevelopmentandexchangebetweenthenorthernandsouthernregionsofChina,especiallyinthedevelopmentofindustrialandagriculturaleconomiesalongtheline.译文返回原文京杭⼤运河京杭大运河始建于春秋时期，是世界上里程最长、工程最大的古代运河，也是最古老的运河之一，与长城、坎儿井并称为中国古代的三项伟大工程，并且使用至今，是中国古代劳动人民创造的一项伟大工程，是中国文化地位的象征之一。大运河南起余杭（今杭州），北到涿郡（今北京），途经今浙江、江苏、山东、河北四省及天津、北京两市，贯通海河、黄河、淮河、长江、钱塘江五大水系，全长约1797公里。运河对中国南北地区之间的经济、文化发展与交流，特别是对沿线地区工农业经济的发展起了巨大作用。Reading

TheSuiDynastydecidedtoconnecttheNorthandSouthCanalaftertheunificationofChinaanditsmotiveexceededthepurposeofservingmilitaryoperationsbecausethecountryhadbeenunifiedatthistime.TheSuiDynastyhadaneconomicmotiveforopeningthecanal.ForalongtimeinancientChina,theeconomiccenterwasintheYellowRiverbasin,andtheeconomyinthenorthwasmoreadvancedthanthatinthesouth.However,duringtheWei,Jin,andSouthernandNorthernDynasties,profoundchangestookplaceinsociety,andtheeconomyoftheSouthdevelopedrapidly.AftertheSuiDynastyunifiedthecountry,itattachedgreatimportancetothisarea.However,theSuiDynastysetitscapitalinChang’an,anditspoliticalcentercouldnotmovesouthwardwiththedevelopmentandchangeofitseconomiccenter.Therefore,thecountryneedstostrengthenthemanagementofthesouth,Chang’anneedstoconnectwiththericheconomiczoneandneedsfoodsuppliesfromthesouthtothenorth.译文隋王朝在天下统一后即做出了贯通南北运河的决定，其动机已超越了服务军事行动的目的，因为此时天下已统一。隋开运河有经济方面的动机。中国古代很长时期内，经济重心一直在黄河流域，北方的经济比南方进步。但到魏晋南北朝时期，社会发生了深刻变化，南方经济获得迅猛发展。隋统一全国后，格外重视这个地区，但隋定都长安，其政治中心不能伴随经济重心的发展变化南移。因此，国家需要加强对南方的管理，长安需要与富庶经济区联系，需要南方粮食物资供应北方。返回原文Reading译文

FromtheSuiDynastytothelateQingDynasty,boththeregimeintheperiodofunificationandtheregimeintheperiodofdivisionpaidattentiontothedredgingandimprovementofthecanal.Itsmotivationwasnothingmorethaneconomic,political,militaryandotheraspects,makingfulluseofthecanaltransport.Basedonthecanal,theestablishmentofahugeandcomplexwatertransportsystemtotransportmaterialsfromallpartsofthecountrytothecapitalbecameoneofthemainmeansoftherulersofancientChina.Thereasonfortherestorationanddiversionofthecanalisalsothefrequentchangeofthelocationofthecapitalsofdifferentdynasties.BytheYuanDynasty,theBeijing-HangzhouGrandCanalwasfullyconnected.IntheMingandQingdynasties,theGrandCanalhadbecomethemainnorth-southwaterway.

AfterthefoundingofNewChina,theCanalwasrenovatedonalargescaletogivefullplaytoitsfunctionsofshipping,irrigation,floodcontrolanddrainage.Someriversectionshavebeenwidenedanddeepened,withbendscutandstraightened,docksandshiplocksbuilt,andtheshippingconditionsimproved.Theseasonalnavigationmileagehasreachedmorethan1,100kilometers.Morethan660kilometersofthewaterwaytothesouthofPixian,Jiangsucanbeunobstructedbyafleetof500tons.隋以后的历朝历代，至清朝后期，无论是大一统时期政权，还是分裂时期的政权，都注重运河的疏凿与完善，其动机无外乎经济、政治、军事等方面，充分利用运河漕运。以运河为基础，建立庞大而复杂的漕运体系，将各地的物资源源不断的输往都城所在地，成了中华大地统治者主要手段之一。运河的修复改道，其缘由亦是现实中运河常常的淤堵以及不同朝代的都城位置变化。至元代京杭大运河全线贯通，明、清两代京杭大运河成为南北水运干线。解放后对运河进行了大规模整修，使其重新发挥航运、灌溉、防洪和排涝的多种作用，部分河段已进行拓宽加深，截弯取直，新建了许多现代化码头和船闸，航运条件有所改善。季节性的通航里程已达1100多千米。江苏邳县以南的660多千米航道，500吨的船队可以畅通无阻。返回原文Reading译文

AfterthecompletionoftheBeijing-HangzhouCanalandQiantangRiverdredgingprojectattheendof1988,theCanalwascompletelyconnectedtotheYangtzeRiver,theYellowRiverandtheHaiheRiver.

In2002,theBeijing-HangzhouGrandCanal,whichwasoriginallyonlyresponsiblefornavigation,wasincludedinoneofthethird-lineprojectsofthe“South-to-NorthWaterTransfer”,andbecameanimportantlinkandchanneloftheeasternrouteoftheproject.Throughit,thewaterfromthelowerreachesoftheYangtzeRivercanbesenttoShandongandHebei,whichareshortofwaterinnorthChina.

OnJune26,2021,theBeijingsectionoftheBeijing-HangzhouGrandCanalwasopenedtonavigation,whichbroughtupthefirstappearanceofwaterwayandshippingintheBeijingarea,thefirstappearanceofnavigationbuildingoperationmanagementsuchasshiplocks,andthefirstappearanceofurbanwaterwaytransportation.

1988年底建成的京杭运河和钱塘江沟通工程已将江、河、海衔接起来。

2002年，原本只负责通航的京杭大运河被纳入了“南水北调”三线工程之一，成为中国南水北调东线工程的重要环节和通道，通过它长江下游的水得以送到北部缺水的山东和河北等地。

2021年6月26日，京杭大运河北京段的通航将创造多项新的历史，包括北京市第一次出现航道和航运，第一次出现船闸等通航建筑物运行管理，第一次出现市内水路运输等。返回原文period[ˈpɪəriəd]n.时期unification[ˌjuːnɪfɪˈkeɪʃ(ə)n]n.统一profound[prəˈfaʊnd]adj.巨大的；深切的dredge[dredʒ]v.清淤improvement[ɪmˈpruːvmənt]n.改善motivation[ˌməʊtɪˈveɪʃ(ə)n]n.动力shipping[ˈʃɪpɪŋ]n.航运；海运section[ˈsekʃ(ə)n]n.剖面图mileage[ˈmaɪlɪdʒ]n.英里里程unobstructed[ˌʌnəbˈstrʌktɪd]adj.没有障碍的togetherwith与……一起oneofthesymbols一个标志符号strengthenthemanagement加强管理nothingmorethan无外乎theGrandCanal大运河South-to-NorthWaterTransfer南水北调shortofwater缺水TheBeijing-HangzhouGrandCanalstartsfromYuhang(today’sHangzhou)inthesouthandendsatZhuojun(today’sBeijing)inthenorth.Itpassesthroughthefourprovincesandtwocitiesoftoday’sZhejiang,Jiangsu,Shandong,Hebei,Tianjin,andBeijing,andconnectsthefivemajorwatersystemsoftheHaiheRiver,theYellowRiver,theHuaiheRiver,theYangtzeRiver,andtheQiantangRiver.译文：京杭大运河从南部的余杭（今天的杭州）开始，向北延伸至涿郡（今天的北京）。它贯穿了今天浙江、江苏、山东、河北、天津和北京四省两市，连接了海河、黄河、淮河、长江和钱塘江五大水系。注释：这个句子描述了京杭大运河的地理特点。其中“passesthrough”表示大运河贯穿了四省两市，而“connects”表示它连接了五大水系。这些描述表明大运河在地理上的重要性和影响力。❶ForalongtimeinancientChina,theeconomiccenterwasintheYellowRiverbasin,andtheeconomyinthenorthwasmoreadvancedthanthatinthesouth.译文：在中国古代很长的一段时间里，经济中心一直在黄河流域，北方的经济一直比南方发达。注释：古代中国的经济中心主要集中在黄河流域，这是因为黄河流域地势平坦，土壤肥沃，适合农业生产，因此经济发展较快。而南方由于地理环境等因素，经济发展相对较慢。❷FromtheSuiDynastytothelateQingDynasty,boththeregimeintheperiodofunificationandtheregimeintheperiodofdivisionpaidattentiontothedredgingandimprovementofthecanal.译文：从隋朝到晚清，无论是统一时期的政权还是分裂时期的政权都重视对运河的疏浚和治理。注释：“regime”表示政权。这个词在句子中指代一个时期的权力机构或政治体制。“dredgingandimprovementofthecanal”运河的疏浚和治理。这个短语表示对运河进行清理和改善的工作，以提高运河的通行能力和运输效率。❸AfterthefoundingofNewChina,theCanalwasrenovatedonalargescaletogivefullplaytoitsfunctionsofshipping,irrigation,floodcontrolanddrainage.译文：新中国成立后，对运河进行了大规模的整修，以充分发挥其航运、灌溉、防洪和排水的功能。注释：“onalargescale”是一个常用的词组，表示在大规模或大范围上进行某项活动、计划或操作。它强调了规模的重要性和广泛性。❹ReadingTask1Basedonthepassage,choosethecorrectanswerforeachstatement.InadditiontotheBeijing-HangzhouGrandCanal,theancientwatertransportationprojectinChinawasthe________.A.Zhengguoqu,stateoftheQinDynastyB.Dujiangyan,stateoftheQinDynastyC.LingquintheQinDynastyD.LiufuCanalintheHanDynasty1.TheriverscrossedbytheBeijing-HangzhouGrandCanaldonotincludethe________.A.HuaiheRiver

B.YellowRiverC.HanjiangRiver

D.QiantangRiverReadingTheBeijing-HangzhouGrandCanalflowsthroughcities,excluding_______.A.Suzhou

B.Changzhou

C.Xuzhou

D.Jinan2.3.ReadingTheBeijing-HangzhouGrandCanalhasbeenincludedinoneofthethird-lineprojectsofthe“South-to-NorthWaterTransfer”andhasbecomeanimportantlinkandchannelofthe________oftheproject.A.eastlineB.centerlineC.branchlineD.westernfront4.ReadingThetotallengthoftheBeijing-HangzhouGrandCanalisabout________kilometers.A.1,567B.1,797C.1,876D.3,1235.ReadingTask

2Decidewhetherthefollowingstatementsaretrue(T)orfalse(F)accordingtothetext.TheBeijing-HangzhouGrandCanalconnectstheYellowRiver,theHuaiheRiver,theYangtzeRiver,theQiantangRiverandaseriesoflakes.ThemainandtributarychannelsoftheYangtzeRiverandtheBeijing-HangzhouCanaljointlyformChina’slargestinlandwatertransportnetwork.AstheeastlineprojectoftheSouth-to-NorthWaterTransfer,theBeijing-HangzhouGrandCanalshouldersanewmissiontotransferthewatersourceoftheQiantangRivertothenorthtothewater-deficientareasofShandongandHebei.TheeastlineoftheSouth-to-NorthWaterTransferProjectconnectsHongzeLake,LuomaLake,NansiLakeandDongpingLake.DuringtheSuiDynasty,theconstructionoftheBeijing-HangzhouGrandCanalwasonlyformilitarypurposes.()1.()2.()3.()4.FTFT()5.F

Inaccordancewiththeprincipleofseparatingthegovernmentfromenterprisesandtheprincipleofseparatingthegovernmentfromgovernment-affiliatedinstitutions,theprojectlegalpersonresponsibilitysystem,constructionsupervisionsystem,biddingandcontractingsystemandcontractmanagementsystemshallbestrictlyimplemented.Undertheguidanceoftheprojectlegalperson,theconstructionoftheSouth-to-NorthWaterTransferProjectimplementsthecombinationofdirectmanagementandentrustedmanagementandvigorouslyPromotesthenewconstructionmanagementmodeofagentconstructionmanagement.译文ConstructionManagementModeofSouth-to-NorthWaterTransferProject南⽔北调⼯程的建设管理模式按照政企分开、政事分开的原则，严格实行项目法人责任制、建设监理制、招标承包制和合同管理制。南水北调工程建设在项目法人的主导下，实行直接管理与委托管理相结合，大力推动代建制管理的新的建设管理模式。返回原文

Toleveragetheenthusiasmofprovincesandcitiesalongtheproject,theentrustmentsystemisusedforsomeengineeringprojects,wheretheprojectlegalpersonentrustssomeprojectstotheconstructionmanagementorganizationsoftheprovinceorcitywheretheprojectislocatedthroughcontracts.Forlargepivotbuildingswithhightechnologicalcontent,tightconstructionschedules,andborderlineprojectsacrossprovincesandcities,theprojectlegalpersondirectlymanagesthemtominimizeconstructionandmanagementlinks,whichhelpscontrolkeynodeprojectconstruction.Theagentconstructionsystemshouldbeactivelyimplementedforbothdirectmanagementandentrustedprojects,fullyleveragingsocialmanagementresourcesinprojectconstructionthroughmarketselection.译文为调动沿线省市的积极性，部分工程项目采用委托制，项目法人通过合同方式将部分项目委托给项目所在省市的建设管理机构。对于技术含量高、施工进度紧、跨省市边界工程的大型枢纽建筑，由项目法人直接管理，最大限度地减少施工和管理环节，有助于控制关键节点工程建设。积极推行直管项目和委托项目代建制度，通过市场选择，充分调动项目建设中的社会管理资源。返回原文

Fortheconstructionandmanagementofwatertransferprojects,experiencedunitsarecontractedforefficientandorganizedmanagement.Theagentconstructionsystemisimplementedtoimprovemanagementlevelandfutureresourceallocation.Anewconstructionmodeisnecessary,whichalsostimulateslocalenthusiasmandsavescostswhileimprovingmanagementefficiency.TheSouth-to-NorthWaterTransferProjectmainlycombinesprojectmanagementwithanagencyconstructionsystemordelegationsystem,basedonthedirectmanagementoflegalpersons.Agreementsarereachedonresponsibilitiesandauthoritiesbetweenthelegalpersonandmanagementunits,withspecifiedregulationsonconstructionanddelegation.译文在调水工程的建设和管理方面，由经验丰富的单位进行高效、有组织的管理。实行代建制，提高管理水平和未来资源配置。一种新的建设模式是必要的，这在提高管理效率的同时，也激发了当地的积极性，节省了成本。南水北调工程主要是以法人直接管理为基础，将工程管理与代建制或委托制相结合。法人和管理单位之间就责任和权限达成协议，并对施工和委托作出具体规定。返回原文constructionmanagement建设管理watertransferproject调水工程entrustmentsystem委托施工制度keynode关键节点agentconstructionsystem代理施工制度resourceallocation资源调配delegationsystem代理建设制度responsibilitiesandauthorities职责划分managementunits管理单位ListeningListentothedialogueandfillintheblankswithwhatyouhear.(A=Xiaoma;B=Xiaozhao)TheYangtzeRiverBasinisrichinwaterresources,especiallyinthe(1)__________andlowerreaches,sothewatersourceoftheSouth-to-NorthWaterTransferProjectismainlythemiddleandlowerreachesoftheYangtzeRiver.Consideringwater(2)__________,ecologicalproblemsandgeographicalconditions,thewaterqualityinthemiddleandlowerreachesofthebasinisrelativelypoorandthewaterqualityinthemiddleandupperreachesisgood.Duetothegoodself-purificationcapacityofthereservoir,thewaterqualityofthereservoirisgenerallygoodandcanbeusedasthewatersourceofthewatertransferproject.DanjiangkouReservoirisusedasthewatersourceofthemiddle(3)__________oftheSouth-to-NorthWaterTransferProject.A:B:middlequalityline