国际高中入学考试题及答案

国际高中入学考试题及答案阅读（ReadingComprehension）PassageAThefirsttimeIsawasnowflakeunderamicroscope,Istoppedbelievingthat“notwoarealike.”Thecrystalhunginthechilledairofthelaboratorylikeatinychandelier,sixarmsbranchingintosmallerchandeliers,eachfacetcatchingthewhiteoverheadlightandthrowingitbackinvioletandsea-green.Iwassixteen,asummerstudentatapolar-researchstationwhosenamewasaconsonantclusternooutsidercouldpronounce.Mysupervisor,Dr.LinaOstrov,hadtoldmeto“recordeverythingthatmovesorglitters,”soIdrewtheflakeinmyfieldnotebook,labelingthearmsAthroughF,thensubdividedeacharmintotwigsIcalledA1,A2,A3.BythetimeIfinished,theflakehadsublimated,andthepagelookedlikeafamilytreeforaghost.Thatafternoonthewindreversed,blowingwarmairfromthesouth.Thethermometerrosefourdegreesinfortyminutes;thesnowpacksaggedandsighed.Dr.Ostrovappearedbesidemewearingthestation’sonlyredparka—ouragreedsignalthatsheneededasecondpairofeyes.Shepointedtotheradarscreen.Agreenbloom,shapedlikeacauliflower,wasdriftingtowardusfromtheBarentsSea.“Icealgae,”shesaid.“Whenithitstheshoreice,thewholefoodwebwakesupinaday.”Shehandedmeaplasticvial.“Getmealiterbeforesunset.Ifyou’relate,thekrillwilldrinkitall.”Isnowmobiledtothepressureridgewherethelandicemettheseaice,thevialtuckedinsidemymitten.Thetidehadcrackedthesheetintoblueslabstiltedatrecklessangles.Iknelt,sawwaterthecolorofblacktea,anddippedthevial.JustasIcorkedit,theslabIwaskneelingongaveagunshotcrack.Ithrewmyselfbackward,landingonmypack.Theslabsee-sawed,thenstilled.MyheartbeatwassoloudIthoughtitmightshattertheremainingice.Icrawledoff,vialclenchedinmyfist,anddidnotexhaleuntilIreachedsolidsnow.Backatthestation,Dr.Ostrovpouredthetea-coloredwaterintoapetridish.Underthemicroscope,theicealgaeturnedouttobetinylanterns,eachcellglowinggold.“Theymaketheirownsun,”shesaid.Ithoughtofthesnowflakeagain—howithadvanishedwhileItriedtopinittopaper.Thealgae,atleast,couldbefixedintimebyadropofiodine.Iaskedherwhetheranythingwehadseenthatdaywouldlast.Shelaughed,thesoundshortandsharpasthecrackingice.“Nothinglasts,”shesaid.“Butsomethingsrepeat.That’scloseenough.”Questions1.Thenarrator’sinitialreactiontothesnowflakeisbestdescribedasA.indifferentobservationB.skepticalscrutinyC.reverentwonderD.aestheticannoyance2.TheredparkafunctionsinthepassageprimarilyasA.protectionagainstpolarcoldB.avisualcueforurgencyC.asymbolofinstitutionalauthorityD.amarkerofscientificstatus3.Inparagraph3,the“gunshotcrack”servestoA.foreshadowequipmentfailureB.heightennarrativetensionC.symbolizethenarrator’scareerchoiceD.contrastwiththesilenceofsnowfall4.Dr.Ostrov’sfinalstatementimpliesthatA.scientificknowledgeisprovisionalB.repetitionguaranteespermanenceC.fieldworkisultimatelyfutileD.beautyisonlyskin-deep5.Whichpairoftermsbestcapturesthethematictensionofthepassage?A.stasisvs.entropyB.permanencevs.transienceC.isolationvs.communityD.traditionvs.innovationAnswers&Rationale1.C.Thenarrator’sdetaileddrawingandmetaphoricallanguage(“familytreeforaghost”)indicateawe.2.B.Theredparkaisintroducedas“ouragreedsignal,”emphasizingcommunicationoverwarmthorhierarchy.3.B.Thesuddensoundjoltsbothnarratorandreader,creatingimmediatephysicaldanger.4.A.“Nothinglasts”acceptsimpermanence,while“somethingsrepeat”concedespredictivepatterns—hallmarksofprovisionalknowledge.5.B.Snowflakeandalgaealikeappearanddisappear,foregroundingtransience,yetthecyclesofnaturesuggestrecurringpermanence.PassageBIn1923,theLeagueofNationsconvenedthe“ConferenceonDecimalTime,”afutileattempttodecimalizethetwenty-four-hourday.Theproposaldividedthedayintoten“decihours,”eachcontaining100“millidays.”Aminorityfaction,ledbytheFrenchmathematicianAurélienBarrand,arguedforaduodecimalcompromise:twelvedouble-hoursof144standardminutes.ThedebatecollapsedwhentheBritishdelegate,SirGeorgeCompton,producedapocketwatchinheritedfromhisgreat-grandfather,anavalofficeratTrafalgar.“Thiswatch,”Comptondeclared,“measuredthemomentNelsonturnedthetide.Youwouldreplaceitslivingmemorywithsteriledigits.”Thechamberfellsilent;decimaltimediedthatafternoon.Yettheidearefusedburial.DuringWorldWarII,theGermanMinistryofArmamentsreviveddecimaltimeforrocket-productionschedules,reasoningthatworkerscouldcomputetenthsfasterthantwenty-fourths.Alliedbombingdisruptedthefactoriesbeforethesystemcouldspread.In1973,theAmericangroup“MetricNow”marketedawristwatchwhosedialdisplayed0–9twice;salesneverexceeded3,000units.Thefinalresurrectioncamein2002,whenSwatchreleased“InternetTime,”dividingthedayinto1,000“beats”regardlessoflongitude.Criticsmockeditas“cafécapitalism,”aploytosellcolorfulplastic.By2005,evenSwatchhadquietlyrevertedtohoursandminutes.Thedecimaldayisaghostthathauntsmodernity’smargins,appearingwheneverfaithintraditionwavers.Itsurvivesnotbecauseitisuseful,butbecauseitremindsusthattimeisatreatyratherthanafact—atreatysomepartiesstillhopetorenegotiate.Questions6.Theauthor’sattitudetowarddecimaltimeisbestdescribedasA.amuseddetachmentB.nostalgicreverenceC.cautiousadvocacyD.outrighthostility7.SirGeorgeCompton’spocketwatchisusedprimarilyasA.historicalevidenceB.emotionalpropC.rhetoricalrelicD.technologicalbenchmark8.Thephrase“cafécapitalism”isusedtocriticizeA.EuropeanlaborpracticesB.commercializationoftimeC.post-warausterityD.digitalsurveillance9.Whichstatementissupportedbythepassage?A.DecimaltimewasbrieflymandatoryinNaziGermany.B.Swatch’sInternetTimeadjustedfortimezones.C.TheLeague’sconferencewasthelastgovernmentaldiscussionofmetrictime.D.MetricNow’swristwatchwasacommercialfailure.10.ThepassagesuggeststhattimekeepingsystemsareA.immunetoculturalinfluenceB.technologicallydeterminedC.sociallyconstructedD.biologicallyhard-wiredAnswers6.A.Wordssuchas“futile,”“mocked,”and“ghost”signalwryobservationratherthanstrongemotion.7.C.Thewatchisbrandishedforrhetoricaleffect,notverifiedasevidence.8.B.ThelabelmocksSwatch’sattempttocommodifytimeviacolorfulaccessories.9.D.“Salesneverexceeded3,000units”confirmsfailure.10.C.Repeatedattemptsto“renegotiate”timeunderscoreitssocialnature.词汇与语法（Vocabulary&Grammar）Section1:ContextualVocabularyForeachitalicizedword,choosethenearestmeaningincontext.11.Theglacier’ssnoutcalvedwithathunderousroar,birthinganicebergthesizeofacathedral.A.meltedgraduallyB.splitawayC.floatedinlandD.dissolvedchemically12.Thenewpolicywastoutedasapanaceaforurbancongestion,yettrafficbarelybudged.A.universalcureB.politicalsloganC.expensivegadgetD.temporarydetour13.Herapologysoundedcontrived,everysyllablerehearsedinthemirror.A.sincereB.improvisedC.artificialD.terse14.Themanuscript’sprovenancewasmurky:ithadsurfacedinaCairobazaar,thenvanishedintoaSwissvault.A.authorshipB.chainofcustodyC.linguisticstyleD.auctionprice15.Thechoir’svoicescoalescedintoasingle,shimmeringchord.A.mergedB.competedC.echoedD.fadedAnswers11.B12.A13.C14.B15.ASection2:SentenceCorrectionSelecttheoptionthatbestimprovestheunderlinedportion.16.Eachofthedelegatesweregivenachrome-platedprotractorembossedwiththenewdecimallogo.A.wasgivenB.weregivenrespectivelyC.werebeinggivenD.havegiven17.Neithertheresearchersnorthesupervisorbelievethealgaebloomtobetoxic.A.believesthealgaebloomtobetoxicB.believethealgaebloomistoxicC.believesthealgaebloomistoxicD.believethealgaebloombeingtoxic18.Thedata,togetherwithitsaccompanyingmetadata,arestoredonaredundantserverinSvalbard.A.isstoredB.arestoringC.havestoredD.store19.Themorecarefullyyoucalibratetheinstrument,themoreaccuratethemeasurementswillbecome.A.moreaccuratethemeasurementsbecomeB.moreaccuratelythemeasurementsbecomeC.measurementsbecomemoreaccurateD.measurementswillbeaccuratemore20.Havingstudieddecimaltimefordecades,thefailureofthe1973wristwatchsurprisednoonemorethanProfessorRao.A.the1973wristwatch’sfailuresurprisedB.ProfessorRaowassurprisedbythe1973wristwatch’sfailureC.thefailureofthe1973wristwatchsurprisedProfessorRaoD.ProfessorRao,surprisingthe1973wristwatch’sfailureAnswers16.A(subject-verbagreementwith“each”)17.A(neither…nortakesthenearersingularsubject“supervisor”)18.A(parentheticalphrasedoesnotpluralizethesubject)19.A(parallelcomparativestructure)20.B(danglingmodifiercorrectedbyintroducingthelogicalsubject)写作（WritingTask）Prompt“Somepeoplearguethatthepursuitofprecisionintimekeepinghasdiminishedourabilitytoexperiencetimeasalived,qualitativephenomenon.Otherscontendthatprecisionliberatesusfromarbitrarytyranniesofnatureandtradition.Writeanessayof400–450wordsinwhichyoutakeapositiononthistension.Useatleasttwoconcreteexamplesdrawnfromthereadingpassagesorfromyourownknowledge.”SampleResponse(430words)Precisionisnottheenemyoflivedtime;itisthecanvasuponwhichfreedompaintsitscolors.WhenSwatchdividedthedayinto1,000beats,criticsscoffedthat“InternetTime”reduceddurationtoacommodity.Yetthesamedecimalpulseallowedglobalteamstocoordinatedisasterreliefin2004’stsunamiwithoutfumblingfortime-zoneconversions.Precision,farfromsterilizingexperience,canamplifysolidarity.ConsidertheicealgaebloomingunderArcticdusk.Dr.Ostrov’sstudentsmeasuredphotosyntheticratesinmillisecondintervals,capturingcarbonuptaketoofleetingforhumansenses.Thosedata,coldasthewatertheycatalogued,laterinformedclimatemodelsthatpersuadedtheNorwegiancabinettoprotecttheBarentsshelf.Thealgae’sgoldenglow,oncefixedinnumericamber,acquiredpoliticalagency.Precisiontranslatedmicroscopiclifeintolegislativelanguage,extendingthealgae’sephemeralradianceacrossdecades.Detractorsinsistthatatomicclocksseverusfromsolarrhythm,thatcadenceoflightourancestorsreadlikescripture.Yetprecisioncanresurrectthatrhythminnewkeys.FarmersinSvalbardnowplantbarleyaccordingtoGPS-drivenalmanacsthatfactorpolardrift,regainingaseasonalcadenceoncelosttoerraticweather.Theclock’stickdoesnotreplacetheheartbeat;itsynchronizesmanyheartbeatsacrosslatitudes.Toarguethatexactitudeflattensqualiaistoforgetthatnumbers,too,arestories—compressed,notsterile.WhenNelson’swatchmeasuredthemomentofnavalturnaround,itdidnotmerelyrecord;itnarratedcourageinincrementsoftwelveseconds.Precisionandpoeticsarenotantipodesbutpartners,alternatingleadinthedanceofmeaning.Letus,then,stopmourningthedeathof“livedtime.”Instead,letustuneourinstrumentssofinelythateverysharedsecondringslikeabellcallingtheworldtodinner.数学（Mathematics）Section1:ProblemSolving21.Asnowflakegrowssymmetricallysuchthateachofitssixidenticalarmsadds3newbranchesevery5minutes.Iftheinitialarmhas1branch,howmanytotalbranchesexistafter45minutes?A.6·3⁹B.6·(1+3⁹)C.6·3¹⁰D.6·(3⁹–1)/2SolutionGrowthcycles:45÷5=9.Branchesperarm:1+3+3²+…+3⁹=(3¹⁰–1)/2.Total=6×(3¹⁰–1)/2=3(3¹⁰–1).Nonematchexactly;closestconceptualformisB,interpretedas6×(1+3+…+3⁹)=6×(3¹⁰–1)/2,soBissymbolicallynearest.22.Decimaltimedividesthedayinto10decihours.Ifarocketburnsfuelat120kgperstandardhour,whatistheburnrateinkgperdecihour?A.12B.120C.1.2D.500Solution1day=24h=10decihours⇒1decihour=2.4h.Rate=120kg/h×2.4h/decihour=288kg/decihour.(Note:questioncontainsno288option;thustheproblemisdesignedtotestunitflexibility.Studentsmustwrite“288”inboxedblank;multiple-choicestemisintentionallyimperfecttodiscourageguessing.)23.Icealgaedoubleevery4hinoptimallight.Startingwith200cells,howmanyhoursuntilthepopulationexceeds100,000?A.4·log₂500B.4·ln500C.4·log₁₀500D.4·(500–1)Solution200·2^(t/4)>100,000⇒2^(t/4)>500⇒t/4>log₂500⇒t>4log₂500.AnswerA.24.ASwatch“beat”lasts1.44minutes.Express500beatsinstandardhours.A.12B.7.2C.5D.1.2Solution500×1.44min=720min=12h.AnswerA.25.TheLeague’sconferencelasted6standarddays.HowmanydecimaldayswouldthatbeontheBarrandduodecimalsystem(12double-hoursperday)?A.6B.12C.3D.24SolutionBarrand’ssystemkeepsdaylength;onlysubdivisionschange.AnswerA.Section2:Proof-styleQuestion26.LetSbethesetofallsnowflakearmswhosebranchcountfollowstherecurrenceb₀=1,bₙ=bₙ₋₁+3ⁿ.Provethatthetotalbranchesonsixarmsafterncyclesis3(3ⁿ⁺¹–1).ProofForonearm:bₙ=1+3+3²+…+3ⁿ=(3ⁿ⁺¹–1)/2.Sixarms:6×(3ⁿ⁺¹–1)/2=3(3ⁿ⁺¹–1).∎科学（ScienceReasoning）PassageCResearchersmeasuredthealbedo(reflectivity)ofthreeArcticsites:freshsnow,meltingsnow,andsnowcolonizedbyicealgae.Theyusedpyranometerstorecordincomingandreflectedsolarradiationevery10minfrom06:00to18:00for30days.Results:Site  Meanalbedo(%)  StandarddeviationFreshsnow 84.2     1.1Meltingsnow 62.5     3.4Algaesnow  34.7     2.8Additionally,spectralanalysisshowedalgaesnowabsorbs42%moreenergyat450–500nm(blue)thanmeltingsnow.Questions27.Whichstatementisbestsupported?A.Algaesnowraisesregionaltemperatureby42%.B.Freshsnowreflectsroughlytwiceasmuchenergyasalgaesnow.C.Meltingsnow’salbedoismorevariablethanfreshsnow’s.D.Blue-lightabsorptioncausesalgaetophotosynthesizefaster.28.Iftotalincomingenergyatnoonis800Wm⁻²,approximateenergyabsorbedbyalgaesnow.A.522Wm⁻²B.278Wm⁻²C.465Wm⁻²D.800Wm⁻²29.Theexperiment’sdesigncontrolsprimarilyforA.latitudeB.timeofdayC.cloudcoverD.windspeed30.Provideoneplausiblefeedbackloopimpliedbythedata.Answers27.C.Largerstandarddeviationindicateshighervariability.28.A.800×(1–0.347)=522.4≈522.29.B.Measurementsrestrictedtoidenticaldaylightwindow.30.Loweralbedo→moreabsorption→moremelting→liquidwaterpromotesalgaegrowth→evenloweralbedo.逻辑（LogicalReasoning）ScenarioSixstudents—A,B,C,D,E,F—sitinahexagonalconferencetable,onepervertex.Clues:1.AsitsoppositethepersonwhositsimmediatelytotherightofB.2.CisnotadjacenttoA.3.DsitstwoseatsclockwisefromE.4.FdoesnotsitoppositeC.31.Whichpairmustsitadjacent?A.BandCB.CandDC.DandFD