选必四重点词汇＋短语句型（清单）

选择性必修四Unit1ScienceFiction一、重点单词1.appointmentn.预约；约会；委任→appointvt.委派；任命；指定；约定；确定→appointedadj.约定的；指定的have/makeanappointmentwithsb.约见某人；与某人约会appointsb.tobe/as...

任命某人(某职)appointsb.todosth.

委派某人做某事appointtime/placefor...安排/确定时间/地点……2.dismissvt.让(某人)离开；解散；解雇；消除dismissfrom...将(某人)从……开除；解雇；使退去bedismissedfromone'sservice

(某人)被免职；被解雇dismissfearfromone'smind消除(某人)心里的恐惧3.declarevt.表明；宣称；公布declaresb./sth.tobe＋n./adj.宣布/宣称/某人/某事为……declarethat...宣布/宣称/声明……declarewaron/upon...向……宣战declareagainst...声明反对declarefor...声明赞成declarationn.宣布，宣告，声明二、重点短语1.testout检验；测试→testsb.out试用，试验，考验(某人)→testfor...检验﹙成分等﹚；对人﹙或物﹚做……检测﹙或化验、测试等﹚→put...tothetest使……经受考验；检验；试验三、重点句式1.形式主语it英语中把主语从句后置，同时把形式主语it放在主语位置的常见句型有：(1)Itis＋过去分词(reported，believed，said，announced等)＋主语从句(该结构可与“Sb./Sth.＋be＋过去分词＋todo...”结构相互转换)(2)It＋不及物动词(seem，happen，turnout，appear等)＋主语从句(3)Itis＋名词词组(apity，afact，awonder，anhonour等)＋主语从句(4)Itis＋adj.(clear，natural，obvious，possible，likely等)＋主语从句2.be＋being＋形容词“be＋being＋adj.”结构用于陈述句，表示“被陈述对象一时的反常举止或行为以及说话人的惊讶、不满、责备、讽刺等情绪”。Hemustbewonderingwhyeveryoneisbeingsorudetohim.他一定正在纳闷为什么大家都对他如此粗鲁。Regisbeingveryniceallofasudden.What'shisgame?

雷格突然变得非常和蔼可亲，他在耍什么花招？

3.suggestthat...建议suggest还可以表示“暗示；表明”，后接宾语从句时，从句用陈述语气而不用虚拟语气。Theexpressiononhisfacesuggestedthathewasveryangry.Hispalefacesuggestedthathedidbeill.他苍白的脸表明他确实生病了。Unit2IconicAttractions一、重点词汇1.foundationn.创建；基础；地基→foundvt.

创办；成立；建立laythefoundationfor...给……打下基础；为……奠定基础withoutfoundation无根据的2.politicaladj.政治的→politicsn.

政治；政治活动forpoliticalreasons由于政治原因politicalscience政治学3.jointn.公共场所(尤指价格低廉的饮食和娱乐场所)；关节

adj.联合的；共同的→joinvt.&vi.连接；联结；加入outofjoint(关节)脱位；脱臼；杂乱无章；混乱；迷惑ajointdeclaration/statement联合声明ajointeffort共同的努力joinsb.in(doing)sth.

加入某人做某事；和某人4.premieradj.最著名的；第一的；首要的n.首相；总理takethepremierplace占第一位，占首席Chinesepremier中国总理beofpremierimportanceto...对……非常重要5.straightforwardadj.坦率的；简单的astraightforwardperson坦率的人astraightforwardexplanation率直的解释bestraightforwardwithsb.aboutsth.关于……对某人坦率二、重点句型1.过去分词短语作状语过去分词短语通常在句中作时间、原因、条件、让步、伴随、方式等状语。过去分词通常与句子的主语构成被动关系，或表示动作已完成。Givenalotofmoney，helivedabetterlife.Usedwithcare，onetinwilllastforsixweeks.2.can'twaittodosth.迫不及待地想做某事canhardlywaittodosth./canhardlywaitforsth./cannotwaittodosth./cannotwaitforsth.迫不及待地想做某事3.wherever引导让步状语从句(1)whenever，wherever，however引导让步状语从句，相当于nomatterwhen/where/how。(2)whatever，whoever，whichever，whomever既可引导名词性从句，也可引导让步状语从句，在引导让步状语从句时相当于nomatterwhat/who/which/whom。Unit3SeaExploration一、重点单词1.extendvt.扩展；使伸长；延长(1)extendfrom...to...从……延伸到……extendout伸出extendthrough...贯穿……；达到整个……的长度(2)extensionn.延伸，扩展2.negotiatevt.商定；达成(协议)vi.谈判；磋商；协商negotiateaprice商谈价格negotiatewith...同……协商；谈判；交涉negotiatefor...为……谈判negotiateinto...通过谈判使进入3.withdrawvi.&vt.(使)撤回；撤离(1)withdrawfrom...从……撤出，撤回withdrawmoneyfromthebank从银行取款withdrawone'seyesfrom...把视线从……移开(不再看……)withdrawaremark

收回发言(2)withdrawaln.收回；取回；撤回；撤退；取款4.bondn.纽带；关系vt.&vi.增强信任关系；使牢固结合bondbetween...……之间的联系bond...to...把……粘在……上；使……结合二、重点短语1.setsail起航；开航setsailfor...开船往，动身往atfullsail(s)开足马力，张起所有的帆，高速前进goforasail乘船游览2.inhand在手头；可供使用athand在手边，在附近byhand

由人工，用人力handinhand手牵手，携着手gohandinhandwith...与……共同行动；与……相配合；与……一致；与……结合在一起outofhand无法控制，不可收拾三、重点句式1.what引导名词性从句what在名词性从句中可用作主语、宾语或表语。该从句在结构上相当于“the＋名词＋定语从句”。WenowliveinwhatiscalledtheInformationAge.我们现在生活在所谓的信息时代。Whatwecan'tgetseemsbetterthanwhatwealreadyhave.我们得不到的东西似乎比我们拥有的东西好。Chinaisnolongerwhatsheusedtobetenyearsago.中国不再是十年前的样子了。

2.as引导非限制性定语从句(1)as引导非限制性定语从句时，指代整个主句的内容，置于主句的前、中、后均可，意为“正如……”。(2)as在非限制性定语从句中作主语时，通常可用it作形式主语，后接that引导的主语从句或用what引导的主语从句来转换。Thisman，asyouknow，isgoodfornothing.这个人，正如你所知道的，一事无成。Unit4Sharing一、重点词汇1.mailn.邮件；信件；邮政vt.邮寄；发电邮给(1)mailsb.sth.＝mailsth.tosb.给某人邮寄某物mailout邮寄出去(2)bymail以邮寄方式2.chorusn.合唱曲；合唱团vt.合唱；齐声说achorusof...齐声；异口同声inchorus异口同声3.shadevt.给……遮挡(光线)；加灯罩；把……涂暗

n.阴凉处；灯罩；阴影部分(1)intheshade在阴凉处，阴暗处；默默无闻put...intheshade使黯然失色；使相形见绌ashadeof少许，微微(2)shadefrom遮挡住

4.wrinklevt.&vi.(使脸上)起皱纹；皱起n.皱纹(1)wrinkle(up)one'sforehead皱起额头wrinklewithage

老得皮肤皱起(2)wrinklesinone'sface脸上的皱纹withoutwrinkles/awrinkle没有皱纹(3)wrinkledadj.有皱纹的5.ripeadj.成熟的；时机成熟的(1)beripefor……的时机成熟；准备就绪；即可……；适于……(2)ripenvt.&vi.成熟，使成熟6.dragvt.拖；拽vt.&vi.缓慢而费力地移动dragin把……拉进来；硬把(某人)拉进(某事)dragon

拖延；使拖延；拖长(声调、字眼等)dragoneselfalong

(慢吞吞地)拖着脚走dragup

拉上，拔出；故意提起(不愉快的往事)二、重点短语1.nottomention更不用说；且不说asmentionedabove如上所述be(not)worthmentioning(不)值得一提Don'tmentionit.不要客气，不用谢。三、重点句式1.before引导时间状语从句(1)“Itwas＋时间段＋before...”表示“过了多久才……”。从句常用一般过去时。(2)“Itwasnotlongbefore...”意为“不久就……”。从句常用一般过去时。(3)“Itwillnotbelongbefore...”表示“不久就会……”。从句常用一般现在时。(4)“Itwillbe＋时间段＋before...”表示“要过多久才……”。从句常用一般现在时。2.doubtwhether...怀疑；不相信(1)Thereis(some)doubt之后常接whether引导的从句，表“怀疑是否会……”；thereisnodoubt后常接that引导的从句，表示“对……毫不怀疑”。(2)doubt用作动词时，意为“怀疑，不相信”。在肯定句中doubt后面的从句由whether/if引导；在疑问句或否定句中doubt后面的从句由that引导。Unit5LaunchingYourCareer一、重点词汇1.bouncevi.&vt.(使)弹起；上下晃动n.弹性；弹跳；活力(1)onthebounce在弹起时；接二连三地(2)bouncearound/about蹦来蹦去；弹来弹去bounceinto...蹦蹦跳跳地进入；猛然冲进2.debtn.债务；欠款indebt负债outofdebt

不欠债payoffdebts

还清债务get/runintodebt

负债owesb.adebt

欠某人一个人情getoutofdebt还债3.profilen.简介；概述；侧面轮廓vt.扼要介绍；概述；写简介inprofile从侧面看；以侧面drawinprofile

画侧面像或轮廓aprofileof...……的简介或概述highprofile鲜明的姿态lowprofile低姿态；不出头露面；不惹人注意keepalowprofile

保持低调4.spyn.密探；间谍vi.从事间谍活动vt.突然看见；发现spyon/uponsb.暗中监视某人；侦察某人spyintosth.侦察某事spysth.out

暗中查明某事，秘密了解清楚某事重点短语1.headstart起步前的优势atthestart刚开始；在起跑线atthestartof...在……开始的时候afreshstart新的起点，新的开始takeafreshstart重新开始fromstarttofinish自始至终，彻头彻尾三、重点句式1.状语从句的省略当when，while，before，after，unless，asif，if等引导的状语从句中的主语与主句主语一致或从句主语是it，且从句谓语中含有be动词时，可以省略从句中的主语和be动词。①Ifyouareacceptedforthejob，you'llbeinformedsoon.＝Ifacceptedforthejob，you'llbeinformedsoon.②Whilehewasplayingwithhischildrenoutdoors，thefatherfeltveryhappy.＝Whileplayingwithhischildrenoutdoors，thefatherfeltveryhappy.2.现在分词短语作后置定语(1)现在分词(短语)作定语与所修饰的名词之间存在着逻辑上的主谓关系，表示该动作的主动和进行。(2)单个现在分词作定语，放在所修饰词的前面，而现在分词短语作定语则放在所修饰词的后面。单句语法填空1.Sixteenteamsaretakingpart,________(divide)intofourgroups.2.Don’t_______(take)inbyhisappearance—he’sinfactathief.3.Withlesstimespent_______(fetch)water，girlshavemoretimetogotoschool.4.ThisChinesecompanyhasan________(urge)desiretokeeppacewiththedevelopmentofhightechnologyintheworld.5.Thecarranslowlyonthe_____(mud)countrysidestreet.6.“I’msorryI’mlateagain.”saidJohnwitha_____(guilt)lookonhisface.7.Theexperimentwasconductedbythe_____(divide)ofvolunteersintoagegroups.8.Dickenshadledan______(explode)inboththepublicationofnovelsandtheirreadership.9.Withfoodourbiggest______(week)householdexpense，SusannaandMattspendtimewithadifferentfamily.10.The______(declare)oflovetheyoungmanmadeinthemovieimpressedtheaudiencedeeply.11.Theywereperforminga________(calculate)，notjustmemorizingthevalueofeachcombination.12.Allconsultationsareby________(appoint)only.13.TheUKpromises______(reduce)itscarbonemissionsby80percentby2050.14.Deliverymenoftenbreaktrafficrules，_____(put)notonlytheirownlivesatrisk，butthelivesofothersaswell.15.Themusicallowsme_____(learn)thatteachingisaboutsharingandrespect，andmostofall，anunderstandingofeachother.16.Ipickedupa_________(hand)oflettersandbegantoopenthem.17.Theyoungmanwaschargedwithrobberywith_________(violent).18.Thegovernment___________(hatch)outanewplantodealwithrisingprices.19.Hehadnosenseofshameandneverfelt____(guilt).20.Hewantstochangehis____(appoint)fromMondaytoWednesday.21.My____(calculate)isbasedonnotionalfigures,sincetheactualfiguresarenotyetavailable.22.The____(divide)betweenthevariousclassesofsocietyarenotsosharplymarkedastheyusedtobe.23.Theactof____(violent)madepeopleboilwithanger.24.Higher-incomeparentstendedtohavechildrenplaywithpuzzlesmore__________(frequent).25.China'svastplains____(distribute)mainlyintheeasternpartofthecountryalongtheseacoast.26.Tobehonest，Iamnotsatisfiedwithhis_________(withdraw)fromthematch.27.Alltheprizewinnerssteppedonthestagewiththethunderous________(applaud).28.Favorablepoliciesareineffecttoencourageemployees’_________(profession)development.29.AllcustomerstravellingonTransLinkservicesmustbein__________(possess)ofavalidticketbeforeboarding.30.Thiscreationattractedalotofattentionthankstoits_______(mix)ofmodernandtraditionalChineseelements.31.Wefinallymanagedtocompletetheprojectas________(schedule).32.Weareconfidentthattheenvironmentwillbeimprovedbyour______(far)effortstoreducepollution.33.Breakingtrafficrulesandlitteringarenotuncommon，_______(cause)seriousharmtolifeandtheenvironment.34.Afteraheateddiscussion,

theyfailedtoarriveata__________(conclude).35.Shehadmade__________(remark)progressinherwritingskills.36.Theboymixedvinegarwithsugar，butthe_____(mix)tastednotsobad.37.ItissaidthathewillgiveaspeechonthehistoryofChinese_____(immigrate).38.Whenshewasveryyoung，shewasforcedtoleaveherhomelandfor_____(politics)reasons.39.Wehavean_____(extend)inthebedroomandyoucanuseit.40.ShestartedCampShriveratherhometogive_____(disable)childrenafunprogram.41.Peoplehadlosttheirhomesandalltheir_____(possess)intheearthquake.42.Whatthemanagerisseekingisa_____(profession)guidetotheroyalgardens.43.A_____(murder)hasescapedfromprison，soanationwidesearchforhimisunderway.44.Whatyousaidhasno______(relevant)tothesubject.45.Theroadwasso_____(dust)thatmostofthecarsdroveveryslowly.【答案】1.divided2.betaken3.fetching4.urgent5.muddy6.guilty7.division8.explosion9.weekly10.declaration11.calculation12.appointment13.toreduce14.putting15.tolearn16.handful17.violence18.arehatching19.guilty20.appointment21calculation22.divisions23.violence24.frequently25.aredistributed26.withdrawal27.applause28.professional29.possession30.mixture31.scheduled32.further33.causing34.conclusion35.remarkable36.mixture37.immigration38.political39.extension40.disabled41.possessions42.professional43.murderer44.relevance45.dusty单句写作1.她惊讶地发现这个国家可以随意与其他国家发生冲突。(atrandom)2.出于某种原因，我有一种冲动，想展示我的皮衣比他的好。(feelanurge)3.是我侄女去办公室给我拿手帕的。(Itis/was...that)4.这名推销员很难实现他的目标。(Itis...forsb.todo)5.那个司机躺在地上，好像受了重伤。(asif)6.政府向失业者分发食品。(介词短语作后置定语)7.因为大雨飞机没有准时起飞。(名词短语作宾语)8.她喜欢画画，经常在墙报上画画。(动词短语作谓语)9.如果这个账单五天内不付，你的液化气供应将会