辽宁省葫芦岛市2022-2023学年高三上学期期末学业质量监测英语试题

2/2辽宁省葫芦岛市2022-2023学年高三上学期期末学业质量监测英语试题学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________一、阅读理解FunSummerBooksforGrades9—12Yes,evensomehigh-schoolsappreciaterecommendationsforvacationbooks.Encourageyourhigh-schoolchildtoreadwiththislistofapproachableteentitles.Orsurpriseyourteenwithoneofthesebookswhenyoureachthebeachandboredomsetsin!►BrownGirlDreaming,byJacquelineWoodsonThiscollectionofsimplepoemsrevealswhatitwasliketogrowupasayoungAfricanAmericangirlinthe1960sand1970s.Woodson’sautobiographicalpoetryoverflowswithloveforherfamily.BrownGirlDreamingwonmultipleawards,soilmaybeassignedclassreadingincomingyears.►TunnelVision,bySusanAdrianJakehasasecretskill.Whenheholdssomethingthatbelongstoanotherperson,hecanlocatethem,wherevertheyare.OncethegovernmentlearnsofJake’spowers,itinsiststhatheusehisskilltofindcriminals.Inthisspynovel,Jakehastodecidejusthowfarhe’swillingtoriskhisownsafetyinordertoprotectandhelpothers.Itisaseriesofmoderngraphicnovelsthathavethelookofclassiccartoons.►TheShadowHero,byGeneLuenYangCanyourmomforceyoutobecomeasuperhero?That’swhatHankChufindsout.AChineseAmericanteenin1940，Hankisreluctanttostanduptothegangs(匪徒)inhisneighborhoodwhothreatenhisfamily’sgrocerystore.ButasthemaskedGreenTurtle,hemayjusthavetheconfidencetoprotecthisfamilyandfightback.►HalfMyFacebookFriendsAreFerrets,byJ.A．BuckleThingsaren’texactlypanningoutfor17-year-oldJosh.Hewantslobeaheavymetalguitarist.Andheandhispalswishtheyhadgirlfriends.Butregularteenageobstacleslikebossyparentsandpoorself-confidencehavebeenholdinghimback.1．Whoisthetextintendedfor?A．Teachers. B．Parents. C．Teenagers. D．Vacationers.2．Whichbookbestsuitspeoplewhoadorepicturebooks?A．TunnelVision. B．TheShadowHero.C．BrownGirlDreaming. D．HalfMyFacebookFriendsAreFerrets.3．WhatdoBrownGirlDreamingandTheShadowherohaveincommon?A．Botharesetinthe1940s. B．Bothwonseveralawards.C．Bothwillbetaughtatschools. D．Bothreflectcareforthefamily.【答案】1．B2．A3．D【导语】这是一篇应用文，文章推荐了一些9到12年级的暑期趣味读物。1．推理判断题。根据第一段“Encourageyourhigh-schoolchild…(鼓励你上高中的孩子……)”和“Orsurpriseyourteen…(或者给你的孩子惊喜……)”可知，本文目标读者为青少年孩子的家长，故选B。2．细节理解题。根据第三段对TunnelVision描述的最后一句“Itisaseriesofmoderngraphicnovelsthathavethelookofclassiccartoons.(这是一系列具有经典动画片外观的现代漫画小说)”可知，TunnelVision为漫画小说，适合喜欢图画书的人。故选A。3．细节理解题。根据第二段对BrownGirlDreaming的描述“Woodson’sautobiographicalpoetryoverflowswithloveforherfamily.(Woodson的自传体诗歌充满了对家人的爱)”和第四段对TheShadowHero的描述“ButasthemaskedGreenTurtle,hemayjusthavetheconfidencetoprotecthisfamilyandfightback.(但作为蒙面绿海龟，他可能只是有信心保护他的家人和反击)”可知，两者的共同点是反映了对家人的关爱，故选D。WeboughtaShamrocktrailer(房车)inthefallof2019inanticipation(期待)ofourthree-monthjourneytoBaja,Mexico.Thecamper(露营车)wouldbehomebaseforallthefunandadventureourfamily,myself,myhusbandandourthreeteenagers,wouldhavealltheway.IttookthreedaystodrivefromCalgarytoLasVegasandthetemperaturewentfromnegative30to15°F-amiracle!ButbythetimewemadeittoSanDiego,California,wehadvisitedtwoRVmechanicstofixwaterleakingfromthewatertankandabedheaterblowingup.Thankfully,whilewewaitedforrepairs,wecouldlistentowaveslappingontheshore.Eventually,wecrossedtheborderintoMexicoatTijuanaandpushedourwaydowntheshorecoast.Whileweswam,ateMexicanfoodandwatchedsunsets,theShamrockkeptthrowingussurprises.Wealllearnedtosavor(尽情享受)thegoodmomentswhiledealingwiththebad.DrivingthroughUtah,ourtruckbeganmakingnoises.Thetruck’senginehadcompletelybroken,andweneededanewone.Weholedup(躲)inSt.George,Utah,towaitforrepairs.Oneevening,wewereheatingupdinnerwhentheovenletoutabigWHUMP!Thewholecampershook.Afterafewweeks,weleftourtruckinUtah—theenginerepairwasn’tgoingtoowell—anddrovehometoCalgary.Therecouldnothavebeenfivetravelerssohappytostayintheirhousefortwoweeks.Eventually,wehiredsomeonetodriveourtruckandtheShamrocktoCalgary,buthearrivedwithjustthetruck.Thecamperwascausingproblems,andthekeysgotlost,soitwasleftinIdaho.It’sstillthere;werecentlymarkeditsone-and-a-half-yearanniversaryofstorage.Thisbringsmetothepointofthisessay:ForSale:Alively30-footShamrockcamper.Keepsyouonyourtoes!Sleepsfive.$9,000.Pick-upissomewhereinIdaho.Bringsometoolstobreakintoit.4．Whatcanwelearnabouttheauthor’sself-drivingtour?A．Thetourlastedforaboutonemonth.B．TheydroveaShamrockallthewayduringthetour.C．TheirtruckstoppedworkingwhentheyarrivedatSanDiego.D．Theyenjoyedthetourdespitesomeunexpectedproblems.5．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“surprises”meaninparagraph3?A．Breakdowns. B．Beautifulscenery.C．Amazingfunctions. D．Qualityafter-salesservice.6．Whatisthetoneofthearticle?A．Unhappy. B．Serious. C．Amusing. D．Exciting.7．Whatistheauthor’smainpurposeinwritingthearticle?A．Tosuggesttheplacestotravel.B．ToadvertiseherShamerockcamper.C．Torecordthehappymomentsinlife.D．Tocomplainabouthercampers.【答案】4．D5．A6．C7．B【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者和家人驾驶Shamerock露营车去Baja。途中露营车问题百出，但幸运的是他们欣赏到了美妙的景色。作者最终决定卖掉这辆露营车。4．细节理解题。根据第二段“IttookthreedaystodrivefromCalgarytoLasVegasandthetemperaturewentfromnegative30to15F-amiracle!ButbythetimewemadeittoSanDiego,California,wehadvisitedtwoRVmechanicstofixwaterleakingfromthewatertankandabedheaterblowingup.Thankfully,whilewewaitedforrepairs,wecouldlistentowaveslappingontheshore.(从卡尔加里开车到拉斯维加斯花了三天时间，气温从零下30华氏度上升到15华氏度——真是奇迹!但当我们到达加州圣地亚哥时，我们已经拜访了两名房车修理工，修理水箱漏水和床加热器爆炸的问题。值得庆幸的是，在等待维修的时候，我们可以听到海浪拍击海岸的声音)”和第三段的“Whileweswam,ateMexicanfoodandwatchedsunsets,theShamrockkeptthrowingussurprises.Wealllearnedtosavor(尽情享受)thegoodmomentswhiledealingwiththebad.(当我们游泳、吃墨西哥菜、看日落时，Shamrock不断给我们带来惊喜。我们都学会了在处理不好的事情时享受美好的时刻)”可知，虽然遭遇了意料之外的问题，但他们都很享受那次旅行。故选D。5．词句猜测题。根据第二段的“Thankfully,whilewewaitedforrepairs,wecouldlistentowaveslappingontheshore.(值得庆幸的是，在等待维修的时候，我们可以听到海浪拍击海岸的声音)”，和第三段的“Wealllearnedtosavor(尽情享受)thegoodmomentswhiledealingwiththebad.(我们都学会了在处理不好的事情时享受美好的时刻)”可知，surprise是反语，事实上是指旅途中车出的问题。故选A。6．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段的“It’sstillthere;werecentlymarkeditsone-and-a-half-yearanniversaryofstorage.(它还在那里;我们最近纪念了它储存一年半的纪念日)”和最后一段“Thisbringsmetothepointofthisessay:ForSale:Alively30-footShamrockcamper.Keepsyouonyourtoes!Sleepsfive.S9,000.Pick-upissomewhereinIdaho.Bringsometoolstobreakintoit.(这让我想到了这篇文章的要点：出售：一辆30英尺长的活泼的Shamrock营车。让你保持警觉!睡五个人。S9,000。接车地点在爱达荷州。带些工具进去)”中的anniversaryofstorage，lively，keepsyouonyourtoes，somewhereinIdaho等词推知，作者写本文的口吻是有趣的、逗人开心的。故选C。7．细节理解题。根据最后一段“Thisbringsmetothepointofthisessay:ForSale:Alively30-footShamrockcamper.Keepsyouonyourtoes!Sleepsfive.S9,000.Pick-upissomewhereinIdaho.Bringsometoolstobreakintoit.(这让我想到了这篇文章的要点：出售：一辆30英尺长的活泼的Shamrock营车。让你保持警觉!睡五个人。S9,000。接车地点在爱达荷州。带些工具进去)”可知，作者写本文的目的是为自己的Shamerock打广告，希望把它卖掉。故选B。Haveyoueverthrownacamel?Camelsarelargeandheavyanimals,soitwouldbehardtodoso.ButintheFrench-speakingDemocraticRepublicoftheCongo,“tothrowacamel”isawayofsaying“tomakeaspellingmistake”.Inthepast,aphraselikethatwasnotacceptedbytheFrenchgovernmentasanofficialFrenchterm.Butrecently,theFrenchMinistryofCultureworkedonanewkindofdictionarythatacceptstheideathatmanypeopleinothercountriesandregionsspeakthelanguage.ThelanguagehaschangedastimegoesbyandisdifferentinplaceslikeIvoryCoastinWestAfricaorQuebecinCanada,comparedtohowitisinParis.ThenewonlineFrenchdictionaryincludesnewFrenchwordsfromaroundtheworld.Itwasreleased(发布)onMarch18—justintimeforInternationalFrancophonieDayonMarch20.Afteritsrelease,itisupdated(更新)onaregularbasis.Itnowcontainsabout600,000terms.TheFrenchCultureMinistersaysthedictionaryisnotjustforFrance’s67millioncitizens,butforthe300millionFrenchspeakersworldwide.Supporterssaythenewdictionaryismoredemocratic(大众化的)thanearlierFrenchdictionariesthat

onlyshowedthewayhighlyeducatedFrenchpeoplespoke.OfficialdictionariesproducedbytheFrenchAcademyinPariswerefirstpublishedhundredsofyearsagoandareregularlyupdated.Theonlinedictionary,however,hasanewpartyoucannotfindinabook.IfyouliveinSenegal,forexample,youcansearchthedictionary,anditwillgiveyouthemeaningofawordbasedonitsuseinthatcountry.“TheFrenchnolongerhaveamonopoly(独占)onFrench,”aFrenchmagazinethatsupportsthedictionarywroterecently.“Andthatisgoodnews”.8．Whatdoweknowaboutthephrase“tothrowacamel”?A．Ittellsuscamelsaretoolargetobethrown.B．ItcanbefoundinanancientFrenchdictionary.C．ItisaphrasestillnotacceptedbytheFrenchgovernment.D．Itcanbeusedwhenyouseesomeonemakesaspellingmistake.9．HowistheonlineFrenchdictionarydifferentfromotherdictionaries?A．Itneedsupdatingregularly. B．Itismainlyfornon-Frenchspeakers.C．IttakesinworldwideFrenchusages. D．ItincludesfewofficialFrenchterms.10．Whatdothesupportersthinkofthedictionary?A．IthelpsspreadstandardFrench. B．It’llattractmorepeopletolearnFrench.C．It’llbenefitFrench’sdevelopment. D．Itbrings300millionFrenchspeakers.11．Inwhichsectionofanewspapermaythistextappear?A．Culture. B．Opinion. C．Technology. D．Lifestyle.【答案】8．D9．C10．C11．A【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一个新的在线词典，这个词典叫做讲法语者词典，收录了来自世界各地的新法语单词。文章还介绍了这一词典的特点以及想法的起源。8．细节理解题。根据第一段第二句话“ButintheFrench-speakingDemocraticRepublicoftheCongo,“tothrowacamel”isawayofsaying“tomakeaspellingmistake”.(但在讲法语的刚果民主共和国，“扔骆驼”是“犯拼写错误”的一种说法)”可知，如果在刚果民主共和国用法语对别人说“扔骆驼”，意思就是这个人犯了拼写错误。故选D。9．细节理解题。根据第一段第三句话“Inthepast,aphraselikethatwasnotacceptedbytheFrenchgovernmentasanofficialFrenchterm.(在过去，这样的短语不被法国政府接受为官方法语术语)”以及第二段的第一句话“ThenewonlineFrenchdictionaryincludesnewFrenchwordsfromaroundtheworld.(新的在线法语词典收录了来自世界各地的法语新词)”可知，该法语在线词典的特殊之处在于它收录了世界各地的法语用法。故选C。10．推理判断题。根据第三段第一句话“Supporterssaythenewdictionaryismoredemocratic(大众化的)thanearlierFrenchdictionariesthat

onlyshowedthewayhighlyeducatedFrenchpeoplespoke.(支持者表示，新词典比早期的法语词典更民主，早期的法语字典只显示了受过高等教育的法国人的说话方式)”以及最后一段““TheFrenchnolongerhaveamonopoly(独占)onFrench,”aFrenchmagazinethatsupportsthedictionarywroterecently.“Andthatisgoodnews”.(“法国人不再垄断法语，”一家支持该词典的法国杂志最近写道。“这是个好消息”)”可知，在支持者们看来，这一词典更加大众化，法语不再是法国人的“专享物”了。由此可推断，它更有利于法语的发展。故选C。11．文章出处题。文章主要介绍了一个新的在线词典，这个词典叫做讲法语者词典，收录了来自世界各地的新法语单词。文章还介绍了这一词典的特点以及想法的起源。由此可知，本文可能出自报纸的文化板块。故选A。Haveyoueverwonderedwhathappenstoalloftheoldobjectslaunchedintospace,suchasrocketsandsatellites?It’scalledspacejunk,andmuchofitisstillouttherenow.AccordingtoNASA,thedefinitionofspacejunkis“anyman-madeobjectinorbit(轨道)aroundEarththatnolongerservesausefulfunction”.Onelargepieceofspacejunk,adisusedrocket,hitthedarksideofthemoononMarch4.Therocket’soriginisnotclear,butscientistsknowthatitwasmassive–weighingabout3tons.Itmusthaveleftalargecrater(坑),estimated10to20meterswide,onthemoon’ssurface.Itwon’tbevisiblerightaway,butscientistsaretryingtolocateit.“Wewillfindthecrater,eventually,”MarkRobinson,leadinvestigatorforNASALunarReconnaissanceOrbiterCamera,toldUSATODAY.“Dependingonitslocation,itcouldtakeaslongas28days.”What’ssignificantaboutthisspacejunkcrashisthatitdrawsattentiontosomeofthepotentialdangersofspacejunk.First,theaccumulationofspacejunkinEarth’sorbitmeansthatsatellitesandtheInternationalSpaceStation(ISS)areatrisk.In2016,tinyspacedebris(残骸),smallerthanamillimeter,causedatinychipintheISS’window.Imaginethedamagethatalargerpieceofdebriscouldcause.TheEuropeanSpaceAgencywebsitestatesthatobjects“upto1cminsizecoulddisableaninstrumentoracriticalflightsystemonasatellite”whileobjectsover10cm“couldshatterasatelliteorspacecraftintopieces”.Ifthissoundsterrifying,that’sbecauseitis.Anycollisionwithlargerpiecesofdebriscouldbeespeciallydangerousformannedspacecraft.Inadditiontopotentialdamagetospacecraftandsatellites,spacejunkalsoposesathreattotheEarthitself.Crashescansenddebrisintotheatmospherewhereitcanremainformanydecades.Somepowerfulcollisionscanevensendlargedebrishurtling(猛冲)towardEarth’ssurfacewhereitcanaffectthelocalenvironment.Leftoverrocketdebriscancontaintoxicmaterialsthatareharmfultoplantandanimallife.SomepeopleinSiberiahaveevenreportedserioushealthproblemsafterrocketdebrislandedintheirregionsin2012,alocaldoctortoldtheBBC．12．Whichofthefollowingcanberegardedasspacejunk?A．Anabandonedspacestation.B．Aspacecraftorbitingthemoon.C．Acrateronthemoon’ssurface.D．AsatelliteworkinginlowEarthorbit.13．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“it”refertoinparagraph2?A．Trackingtherocket. B．Locatingthecrater.C．Cleaningupthespacejunk. D．Findingouttherocket’sorigin.14．Whydoestheauthormentionthedamagecausedbytinyspacedebrisin2016?A．Tocomparetheeffectsofdebrisofdifferentsizes.B．Toprovethespacedebrisproblemisgettingworse.C．Toillustratethepotentialdangersofspacejunk.D．Toexplainthenecessityofremovingspacejunk.15．Whatcanbeinferredaboutspacejunkfromthelastparagraph?A．It’slikelytocauseaglobalenvironmentalcrisis.B．Itcanposealastingthreatifitremainsintheatmosphere.C．It’simpossibletostopitfromenteringtheatmosphere.D．Thetoxicmaterialscontainedinspacejunkarethebiggestthreatitposes.【答案】12．A13．B14．C15．B【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要讲述了太空垃圾对于太空，地球，以及人类会造成的潜在的威胁以及伤害。12．细节理解题。根据第一段第三句“AccordingtoNASA,thedefinitionofspacejunkis“anyman-madeobjectinorbit(轨道)aroundEarththatnolongerservesausefulfunction”.(根据美国宇航局的定义，太空垃圾是“任何在地球周围轨道(轨道)上不再具有有用功能的人造物体”)”可知，废弃的空间站属于不再具有有用功能的人造物体，因此是太空垃圾。故选A项。13．词句猜测题。根据第二段第四句““Wewillfindthecrater,eventually,”MarkRobinson,leadinvestigatorforNASALunarReconnaissanceOrbiterCamera,toldUSATODAY.“Dependingonitslocation,itcouldtakeaslongas28days.”(“我们最终会找到陨石坑的，”美国宇航局月球勘测轨道飞行器照相机的首席研究员马克·罗宾逊告诉《今日美国》。“根据它的位置，可能需要长达28天。”)”可知，这里说的it指代上文提到的陨石坑的位置。故选B项。14．推理判断题。根据第三段第一句“What’ssignificantaboutthisspacejunkcrashisthatitdrawsattentiontosomeofthepotentialdangersofspacejunk.(这次太空垃圾撞击事件的意义在于，它引起了人们对太空垃圾潜在危险的关注)”可知，作者再次在后面列举2016年的微小的太空碎片造成的破坏的事件是为了阐述太空垃圾可能造成的潜在危险。故选C项。15．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Inadditiontopotentialdamagetospacecraftandsatellites,spacejunkalsoposesathreattotheEarthitself.Crashescansenddebrisintotheatmospherewhereitcanremainformanydecades.Somepowerfulcollisionscanevensendlargedebrishurtling(猛冲)towardEarth’ssurfacewhereitcanaffectthelocalenvironment.(除了对航天器和卫星的潜在损害外，太空垃圾也对地球本身构成威胁。撞击会将碎片送入大气层，并在那里停留数十年。一些强大的碰撞甚至可以将大型碎片冲向地球表面，从而影响当地环境)”可知，太空垃圾留在大气层中会造成持续的威胁。故选B项。二、七选五Empathy,theabilitytounderstandandco-experiencethefeelingsandthoughtsofotherpeople,isprobablyoneofthemostimportantskillsapersoncanhave.16•Humansaresocialanimals.Thereareveryfewactivitiesthathumanstakepartinthatdon’tinvolveothers.17Itallowsyoutoperceiveothers’motives,treatthemthewaytheywanttobetreated,understandhowothersperceiveyou,andsoon.•Itletsyoubetterunderstandnon-verbalcomponentsofcommunication.18Peoplewhoarenotempathetichaveahardtimereadingbetweenthelinesofconversations.Theycannotunderstandthatwhattheotherpersonmeanstocommunicateisdifferentfromwhattheyactuallysay.•19Whenyouunconsciouslyperceivewhattheotherpartywantsandneedsandcanunderstandexactlywhytheywantit,reachinga“win-win”solutiongetseasier.Youdon’thavetoblindlysearchforawayout.•Itbroadensyourhorizons.Seeingtheworldfromotherpeople’sperspectivesletsyouperceiveittoafullerextent.Whenyouareabletolookatlifefromotherpeople’spointofview,youareabletoliveamorefulfilledlife.20Thus,achievinghigherlevelsofempathyoftenmeansachievinggreaterfulfilmentashumanbeings.A．Itmakesyoubetterathandlingconflicts.B．Ithelpsyouintroduceyourideastoothers.C．Empathybasicallyiswhatmakesushuman.D．Humansalwaysliveandworkwitheachother.E．Sowhyexactlyisempathysoimportantforus?F．Communicationissomuchmorethanwhatwordsexpress.G．Therefore,theabilitytobetterunderstandothersandreadtheirfeelingsisanadvantage.【答案】16．E17．G18．F19．A20．C【分析】这是一篇说明文。同理心，即理解并共同体验他人的情感和想法的能力，可能是一个人能拥有的最重要的技能之一。文章主要说明了同理心对我们重要的四点原因。16．根据上文“Empathy,theabilitytounderstandandco-experiencethefeelingsandthoughtsofotherpeople,isprobablyoneofthemostimportantskillsapersoncanhave.(同理心，即理解并共同体验他人的情感和想法的能力，可能是一个人能拥有的最重要的技能之一)”可知，上文解释了同理心的概念，指出这是最重要的技能之一，结合后文说明了同理心为什么重要，故E选项“那么同理心到底为什么对我们如此重要呢？”符合语境，故选E。17．根据上文“Thereareveryfewactivitiesthathumanstakepartinthatdon’tinvolveothers.(很少有人类参与的活动是不涉及他人的)”以及后文“Itallowsyoutoperceiveothers’motives,treatthemthewaytheywanttobetreated,understandhowothersperceiveyou,andsoon.(它能让你感知他人的动机，以他们希望被对待的方式对待他们，理解别人如何看待你，等等)”可知，上文提到很少有人类参与的活动是不涉及他人，后文则在说明同理心的优势，可知本句与上文构成因果关系，指出能够更好地理解别人和读懂他们的感受是一种优势，故G选项“因此，能够更好地理解别人和读懂他们的感受是一种优势”符合语境，故选G。18．根据标题“•Itletsyoubetterunderstandnon-verbalcomponentsofcommunication.(·它能让你更好地理解交流中的非语言成分)”以及后文“Peoplewhoarenotempathetichaveahardtimereadingbetweenthelinesofconversations.Theycannotunderstandthatwhattheotherpersonmeanstocommunicateisdifferentfromwhattheyactuallysay.(没有同理心的人很难从对话的字里行间读懂意思。他们无法理解对方想表达的意思和他们实际说的不一样)”可知，后文提到没有同理心的人无法读懂人们真正想要表达的意思，可见本段主要是在说明沟通不仅仅是语言表达的东西，F选项中Communication对应标题中communication。故F选项“沟通不仅仅是语言表达的东西”符合语境，故选F。19．根据本段内容“Whenyouunconsciouslyperceivewhattheotherpartywantsandneedsandcanunderstandexactlywhytheywantit,reachinga“win-win”solutiongetseasier.Youdon’thavetoblindlysearchforawayout.(当你不自觉地感知到对方想要什么和需要什么，并能确切地理解他们为什么想要，达成一个“双赢”的解决方案会变得更容易。你不必盲目地寻找出路)”可知，本段的中心内容是同理心可以帮助达成“双赢”，即更好地处理冲突，故A选项“它会让你更好地处理冲突”符合小标题，故选A。20．根据后文“Thus,achievinghigherlevelsofempathyoftenmeansachievinggreaterfulfilmentashumanbeings.(因此，获得更高水平的同理心通常意味着作为人类获得更大的成就)”可知，后文提到了“获得更高水平的同理心通常意味着作为人类获得更大的成就”，可见本句是在强调同理心对于人类的重要作用，C选项中human对应后文中humanbeings。故C选项“同理心使我们成为人类”符合语境，故选C。三、完形填空Yearsago,aneighbourkidkickedafootballandbrokeasmall21ofourhouse.Wewereafamilylivingonasmall22atthetime,soIboardeditup,thinkingI’dgettoitsomeday.Overtheyears,I’dsometimesasksomeadvicefromwindowcompanies.Theplanwastoupgradetoenergy-efficientwindowsforthewholehouse,an23process—$15,000.Itwassimplyoutof24andIturneditdownagain.25,thethoughtofthatwindowateatmeforyears.EverytimeIwentdownthere,itkept26me.IknewIneededtodealwithit,butIhadbuiltupthe27somuchinmymindthatIputitoffagainandagain.Thenmywifehadajob28,andweneededtomove.A29buyercouldn’tgetaloanonthehouseiftherewasa30window.SoIpulledofftheboardstofacethisthing.Ithadalreadybeenforatleast5years.Iusedsomerust(锈)remover,sprayedallaroundtherustedframe,andgaveita31pull.Tomy32,iteasilymoved.Ipulledthewindowoutandtookitdowntown.Itwasa12fix.Icouldhavefixedtheproblemfor12the33daywhenithappened.ButIletitworrymeforyears.34,thisisn’tjustaboutmywindow.Manyofustendtolivewithbrokenwindowsofonetypeoranotherforyears.Wesuffermorein35thaninreality.Stepforward,andyou’llfindasolution.21．A．roof B．window C．door D．curtain22．A．salary B．fame C．passion D．chance23．A．accessible B．official C．expensive D．energetic24．A．order B．balance C．breath D．reach25．A．Therefore B．Besides C．However D．Instead26．A．replying B．troubling C．driving D．reporting27．A．difficulty B．confidence C．joy D．harm28．A．change B．interest C．habit D．journey29．A．polite B．weak C．strange D．potential30．A．defeated B．fitted C．broken D．cured31．A．lazy B．strong C．familiar D．strange32．A．disappointment B．embarrassment C．astonishment D．encouragement33．A．same B．different C．early D．new34．A．Frequently B．Actually C．Consequently D．Unexpectedly35．A．experiment B．discussion C．reaction D．imagination【答案】21．B22．A23．C24．D25．C26．B27．A28．A29．D30．C31．B32．C33．A34．B35．D【导语】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者通过讲述自己修复被打破窗户的经历告诉我们，想象带来苦难远远大于现实中真正的痛苦。21．考查名词词义辨析。句意：几年前，邻居家的一个小孩踢足球，打破了我们家的一扇窗户。A.roof屋顶；B.window窗户；C.door门；D.curtain窗帘。根据句中“aneighbourkidkickedafootballandbroke...”和下文“Overtheyears,I’dsometimesasksomeadvicefromwindowcompanies.Theplanwastoupgradetoenergy-efficientwindowsforthewholehouse”可推知，足球打破的“窗户”。故选B项。22．考查名词词义辨析。句意：当时我们一家人的收入很低，所以我把它钉了起来，想着总有一天我能修复它。A.salary工资；B.fame名誉；C.passion激情；D.chance机会。根据下文中的“soIboardeditup,thinkingI’dgettoitsomeday.”可知，作者用板子将窗户封起来，以后再修理，说明作者家境不好，由此推断，作者家靠微薄的“工资”度日。故选A项。23．考查形容词义辨析。句意：他们的计划是将整个房子的窗户升级为节能窗户，这是一个昂贵的程序，要花费1.5万美元。A.accessible可得到的；B.official官方的；C.expensive昂贵的；D.energetic精力旺盛的。根据上文中的“Theplanwastoupgradetoenergy-efficientwindows…”以及下文中的“$15,000”可知，此处指的是一次“昂贵的”程序。故选C项。24．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这实在是遥不可及，所以又拒绝了。A.order命令；B.balance平衡；C.breath呼吸；D.reach可到达的距离，能及的范围。根据上文中的“Wewereafamilylivingonasmall___2___atthetime”可知，作者家境一般，所以15,000美元对他家来说是“遥不可及的”，outofreach意为“遥不可及”符合语境。故选D项。25．考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，多年来一想到那扇窗户，我一直耿耿于怀。A.Therefore因此；B.Besides此外；C.However然而；D.Instead反而。根据上文中的“Itwassimplyoutof___4___andIturneditdownagain.”以及下文中的“thethoughtofthatwindowateatmeforyears.”可知，上下文之间为转折关系。故选C项。26．考查动词词义辨析。句意：每次我去那里，它都一直困扰着我。A.replying依赖；B.troubling困扰；C.driving驱使；D.reporting报道。根据下文中的“ButIletitworrymeforyears.”可知，此处指的是“困扰”作者好多年。故选B项。27．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我知道我需要处理它，但我已经在脑海中积累了太多的困难，所以我一次又一次地推迟它。A.difficulty困难；B.confidence信心；C.joy快乐；D.harm伤害。根据下文中的“Wesuffermorein___15___thaninreality.”可知，作者不断拒绝修理窗户，是因为在大脑中构想了太多的“困难”。故选A项。28．考查名词词义辨析。句意：后来我妻子换了工作，我们需要搬家。A.change改变；B.interest兴趣；C.habit习惯；D.journey旅行。根据下文中的“andweneededtomove.”可知，作者要搬家是因为他妻子换了工作。故选A项。29．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：如果房子的窗户被打破了，潜在的买家就无法获得贷款。A.polite礼貌的；B.weak虚弱的；C.strange奇怪的，陌生的；D.potential潜在的。根据下文中的“couldn’tgetaloanonthehouse”可知，该买家需要贷款买房，还没有买，所以是“潜在的”买家。故选D项。30．考查动词词义辨析。句意：一个潜在的买家说他没法为一个有坏窗户的房屋申请贷款。A.defeated打败；B.fitted安装；C.broken打破；D.cured治愈。根据上文中的“Yearsago,aneighbourkidkickedafootballandbrokeasmall___1___ofourhouse.”可知，小孩子踢球把作者加的窗户打破，作者由于各种原因未修复，所以此处是“打破”的窗户。故选C项。31．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我用了一些除锈剂，喷在生锈的框架周围，并使劲一拉。A.lazy懒惰的；B.strong强壮的；C.familiar熟悉的；D.strange奇怪的。根据下文中的“Tomy___12___,iteasilymoved.”可知，作者以为很难拆掉，所以“用力”去拉。故选B项。32．考查名词词义辨析。句意：让我感到惊讶的是，窗户的框架很轻松地被扯掉了。A.disappointment失望；B.embarrassment尴尬；C.astonishment惊讶；D.encouragement鼓励。根据上文中的“Iusedsomerust(锈)remover,sprayedallaroundtherustedframe,andgaveita___11___pull.”以及下文中的“iteasilymoved.”可知，此处表示作者感到很惊讶，原以为很难拆掉的窗户竟然很容易拆掉。故选C项。33．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我本可以在事情发生的当天用12美元解决这个问题。A.same同样的；B.different不同的；C.early早的；D.new新的。根据空前的“Icouldhavefixedtheproblemfor12…”可知，此处表示的作者的一种假设，本可以就在事情发生的当天花费12美元修好的窗户，却迟迟未修复，表示“当天”也就是事情发生的同一天。故选A项。34．考查副词词义辨析。句意：实际上，这不仅仅是窗户的问题。A.Frequently频繁的；B.Actually实际上；C.Consequently因此；D.Unexpectedly出乎意料地。根据下文中的“Manyofustendtolivewithbrokenwindowsofonetypeoranotherforyears.”可知，作者在陈述一个事实，“实际上”，这根本不是一个窗户的问题。故选B项。35．考查名词词义辨析。句意：与其说是现实让我们受难，不如说是想象让我们遭罪。A.experiment实验；B.discussion讨论；C.reaction反应；D.imagination想象。根据上文中的“IknewIneededtodealwithit,butIhadbuiltupthe___7___somuchinmymindthatIputitoffagainandagain.”可知，作者在大脑中不断构想着各种修复窗户的困难，导致作者被此事一致困扰着，在根据下文“Icouldhavefixedtheproblemfor12the___13___daywhenithappened.”可知，实际上，本可以在事情发生当天花费12美元就能解决问题，由此可推断，很多时候，人们总是把困难想的太多，所以想象带来苦难远远大于现实中真正的痛苦。故选D项。四、用单词的适当形式完成短文阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Thosewhohaven’tbeentotheMuUsmaynothaveanopportunitytodoso.Thedesertisdisappearingfrom36mapasithasbeenturnedintoanoasis(绿洲)!TheMuUs37(stretch)over42,200squarekmbetweenShaanXiandinnerMongoliaAutonomousRegion,lyingnorthoftheGreatWall.InMongolian,“MuUs”meansbarrenland38nothingcangrow.However,theareawasnodesertinancienttimes.Itusedtobegrazingland39(sufficient)supplyinggrassandwaterforsheepandcattle.SincetheTangDynasty,itbegantodegradebecauseofexcessivefarmingandovergrazingand40(year)ofwar.Inmoderntimes,theMuUs,thefourth41(large)desertinChina,begantomovesouthwardandpassedtheGreatWall,42(attack)Yulin(ShaanXiprovince).Localpastures(牧场)facedseriousdesertification,salinizationanddegradation,andthevillagershadtomoveasthedesertadvanced.BythetimePeople’sRepublicofChina43(found),Yulinhadonly0.9percentofforestcover.Itbecameanurgenttask44(block)thesands.Thankstogreening,thedesertispoisedtodisappear.Thefeat(丰绩)wouldn’thavebeenachieved45nationalanti-desertificationpoliciesandtheeffortsofgenerationsofeco-warriors.【答案】36．the37．stretches38．where39．sufficiently40．years41．largest42．attacking43．wasfounded44．toblock45．without【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了毛乌素地区由牧场变沙漠，新中国成立后又从沙漠变绿洲的过程。36．考查冠词。句意：沙漠正在从地图上消失，因为它已经变成了绿洲。根据句意和空格后的名词map可知，空格处应该填入定冠词the，特指毛乌素沙漠所在的版图。故填the。37．考查时态和主谓一致。句意：毛乌素位于陕西和内蒙古自治区之间，位于长城以北，绵延42200多平方公里。根据句意分析句子可知，空格处是该句子的谓语部分，由上下文的时态是一般现在时可知，该句子也应该用一般现在时；因为该句子主语是TheMuUs，所以谓语动词应该用第三人称单数形式。故填stretches。38．考查定语从句。句意：在蒙古语中，“毛乌素”的意思是寸草不生的不毛之地。根据句意分析句子可知，空格后的部分是一个定语从句，而先行词land是表地点的名词，且在从句中作地点状语，所以空格处应该填入一个关系副词where。故填where。39．考查副词。句意：它曾经是一块牧场，为牛羊提供充足的草和水。根据句意和所给形容词sufficient以及空格后的supplying可知，空格处应该填入sufficient的副词形式sufficiently作状语，修饰后面的现在分词supplying。故填sufficiently。40．考查可数名词单复数。句意：从唐代开始，由于过度耕作和过度放牧以及多年的战争，它开始退化。根据句意和所给可数名词year可知，空格处应该填入year的复数形式years，构成短语yearsof（多年的）。故填years。41．考查形容词最高级。句意：在近代，毛乌素沙漠，中国第四大沙漠，开始向南移，越过长城，进攻陕西省榆林。根据句意和所给形容词large以及空格前的thefourth可知