2026年五年级上册语文期末试题及答案分析

2026年五年级上册语文期末试题及答案分析一、基础知识积累与运用（共45分）1.读拼音，写词语。要求书写规范、端正、整洁。（10分）【ɡàojiè】【fēnfù】【lǐnglüè】【dīngzhǔ】【qīnlüè】（）（）（）（）（）【xiányí】【huīhuáng】【sīkōngjiànguàn】（）（）（）2.下列词语中，加点字的读音完全正确的一项是（）。（3分）A.便（pián）宜削（xuē）弱执拗（niù）强（qiáng）迫B.冠（guàn）军间（jiàn）隔削（xiāo）皮乘（chéng）机C.待（dāi）会儿调（diào）度任（rèn）性纤（xiān）细D.眸（móu）子聒（guō）噪侵（qīn）略酬（chóu）谢3.下列词语书写完全正确的一项是（）。（3分）A.完壁归赵负荆请罪理直气壮完好无缺B.难以置信完美无缺绝口不提同心协力C.举世闻名兴高彩烈呕心沥血足智多谋D.金碧辉煌诗情画意奇珍异宝众星拱月4.按要求完成句子练习。（10分）（1）蔺相如对秦王说：“您现在离我只有五步远，您不答应，我就把您和您的性命同归于尽！”（改为转述句）________________________________________________________________（2）这里的景色真美。（改为夸张句）________________________________________________________________（3）太阳虽然离我们很远很远，但是它和我们的关系非常密切。（用加点的关联词造句）________________________________________________________________（4）用具体的情景描写表现“着急”的心情。（不少于30字）________________________________________________________________（5）指出下列句子运用的说明方法。①太阳的温度很高，表面温度有五千多摄氏度，就是钢铁碰到它，也会变成气体。（）②松鼠不像山鼠那样一到冬天就蛰伏不动，它们是十分警觉的。（）5.课文内容回顾与积累。（14分）（1）____________________，非是藉秋风。这是虞世南的诗句，写出了蝉的高洁。（2）姑苏城外寒山寺，____________________。（3）____________________，万马齐喑究可哀。我劝天公重抖擞，____________________。（4）《将相和》中“将”指________，“相”指________，“和”的意思是________。课文通过“________”、“________”、“________”三个小故事，写出了将相之间由不和到和好的经过。（5）少年智则国智，________，________，国强则国强，________，________，国进步则国进步，________，________，雄于地球。（6）诸葛亮在《诫子书》中写道：“夫君子之行，静以修身，________。”6.综合性学习。（5分）班级正在开展“民间故事交流会”，请你参与并完成以下任务。（1）请你为这次交流会设计一条宣传标语。（2分）________________________________________________________________（2）如果你是主持人，请为这次交流会写一段开场白。（3分）________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________二、阅读理解（共25分）（一）课内阅读。（10分）圆明园中，有金碧辉煌的殿堂，也有玲珑剔透的亭台楼阁；有象征着热闹街市的“买卖街”，也有象征着田园风光的山乡村野。园中许多景物都是仿照各地名胜建造的，如海宁的安澜园、苏州的狮子林、杭州西湖的平湖秋月；还有很多景物是根据古代文人的诗情画意建造的，如蓬岛瑶台、武陵春色。漫步园内，有如漫游在天南海北，饱览着中外风景名胜；流连其间，仿佛置身在幻想的境界里。圆明园不但建筑宏伟，还收藏着最珍贵的历史文物：上自先秦时代的青铜礼器，下至唐、宋、元、明、清历代的名人书画和各种奇珍异宝。所以，它又是当时世界上最大的博物馆、艺术馆。1860年10月6日，英法联军侵入北京，闯进圆明园。他们把园内凡是能拿走的东西，统统掠走；拿不动的，就用大车或牲口搬运；实在运不走的，就任意破坏、毁掉。为了销毁罪证，10月18日和19日，三千多名侵略者奉命在园内放火。大火连烧三天，烟云笼罩了整个北京城。我国这一园林艺术的瑰宝、建筑艺术的精华，就这样化为一片灰烬。1.选文第一自然段主要写了圆明园的________和________，表达了作者对圆明园的________之情。（3分）2.选文中画“____”的句子是一个________句，在文中起到了________的作用。（2分）3.为什么说圆明园是“当时世界上最大的博物馆、艺术馆”？（2分）________________________________________________________________4.从文中找出下列词语的近义词。（3分）宏伟（）珍贵（）销毁（）（二）课外阅读。（15分）父亲的“零食”①父亲是个淳朴的农民，一辈子只知道勤勤恳恳地在土地上劳作。记忆中，父亲从来没有吃过什么真正意义上的零食，似乎只有干涩的旱烟陪伴着他。②小时候，家里穷，一日三餐能填饱肚子就不错了，哪里还有闲钱买零食？偶尔，父亲去镇上办事，回来时衣兜里总会鼓鼓囊囊的。我和弟弟便像两只馋猫一样围上去，眼巴巴地盯着父亲的衣兜。父亲笑眯眯地掏出几块水果糖，分给我们。那时候，我觉得父亲是世界上最好的人，那几块水果糖，便是我童年最甜蜜的“零食”。③后来，我考上了县城的中学，离家远了。每次回家，母亲总会变着法子给我做好吃的。父亲则在一旁默默地抽着烟，看着我狼吞虎咽的样子，脸上露出欣慰的笑容。④有一次，我放学回家，看见父亲正坐在门槛上，手里拿着一块黑乎乎的东西，正往嘴里送。那东西看起来像是什么糕点，但已经干裂了，上面还沾着一些灰尘。我惊讶地问：“爹，你在吃啥？”父亲见我回来，慌忙把那东西藏到身后，支支吾吾地说：“没啥，没啥，就是……就是一块干饼子。”⑤我走过去，从父亲身后拿过那块“干饼子”。硬邦邦的，像石头一样。我掰了一小块放进嘴里，一股陈旧的霉味直冲脑门。我差点吐出来，这哪里是饼子，分明是放了很久已经发霉的废料！我生气地把“饼子”扔在地上，大声说：“爹，这都发霉了，吃了会生病的！你怎么这么傻啊！”⑥父亲愣住了，像个做错事的孩子，低着头，双手搓着衣角，小声说：“我看这还能吃，扔了怪可惜的……”⑦那一刻，我的心猛地一颤，眼泪夺眶而出。我突然明白，父亲不是傻，他是舍不得。他舍不得扔掉一点点能吃的东西，哪怕它已经发霉。在他那个年代，饥饿像影子一样伴随着他们，能吃饱饭就是最大的幸福，哪里还敢挑剔食物的好坏？⑧如今，生活条件好了，家里各种各样的零食琳琅满目。每次回家，我总会给父亲买很多好吃的：软糯的蛋糕、香甜的牛奶、酥脆的饼干……可是，父亲总是说：“我不爱吃这些，你们吃吧。”我知道，父亲不是不爱吃，他是习惯了省吃俭用，习惯了把最好的留给我们。⑨前几天，我回老家，看见父亲正在院子里剥花生。那些花生有些干瘪，显然是放久了。父亲一边剥，一边把不好的挑出来，放在一边。我走近一看，那些被挑出来的花生，有些已经生了虫，有些已经发黑。我问父亲：“这些花生坏了，还要它干啥？”父亲说：“把好的剥出来炒炒，还能当下酒菜；这些坏的，洗洗，喂鸡。”⑩看着父亲佝偻的背影，我的眼睛湿润了。父亲的“零食”，不是什么美味佳肴，而是他对土地的深情，对生活的节俭，对子女无私的爱。这“零食”，包含着一位父亲最质朴、最深沉的情感。1.联系上下文，解释第⑤自然段中加点词语“支支吾吾”的意思。（2分）支支吾吾：____________________________________________________2.短文写了几件事？请用简洁的语言概括出来。（4分）________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________3.第⑦自然段中，“我的心爱猛地一颤，眼泪夺眶而出”，这是因为“我”当时产生了怎样的心理活动？（3分）________________________________________________________________4.文章第⑧自然段写道：“我知道，父亲不是不爱吃，他是习惯了省吃俭用，习惯了把最好的留给我们。”请你从文中找出两处具体的事例来印证这句话。（4分）事例一：____________________________________________________事例二：____________________________________________________5.下列对短文理解不正确的一项是（）。（2分）A.短文通过描写父亲吃发霉饼子、处理坏花生等生活琐事，塑造了一位勤劳、节俭、深爱子女的父亲形象。B.父亲把“我”扔在地上的发霉饼子捡起来吃了，表现了父亲不讲卫生，生活陋习很难改变。C.“父亲的‘零食’”在文中既指父亲舍不得扔掉的发霉食物，也指父亲身上所体现出的优秀品质。D.文章结尾升华了主题，表达了作者对父亲的理解、心疼和敬爱之情。三、习作（共30分）题目：我的心爱之物提示：每个人都有自己心爱的东西，可能是你喜欢的玩具，可能是你亲手制作的工艺品，也可能是你养的小动物，或者是你收藏的书籍、纪念品等。请以“我的心爱之物”为题，写一篇习作。要求：1.内容具体，语句通顺，感情真挚。2.按照一定的顺序，描写心爱之物的特点。3.写出你为什么喜欢它，它和你之间发生了什么故事。4.字数不少于450字。_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________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