2025年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语(一)专项训练卷(新题型)

2025年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语(一)专项训练卷(新题型)学校:___________班级:___________姓名:___________考号:___________考试时长：60分钟满分：100分第一部分英语知识运用第一节完形填空（共20小题；每小题1分，满分20分）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。Theconceptofa“sharingeconomy”hasgainedsignificanttractioninrecentyears.Itreferstoaneconomicmodel(1)________individualscanborroworrentassetsownedbysomeoneelse.Thismodelis(2)________facilitatedbytechnologyplatformsthatconnectproviderswithusers.Proponentsarguethatitpromotes(3)________useofresources,reduceswaste,andfostersasenseofcommunity.However,criticspointtoseveral(4)________.Forinstance,theregulatoryframeworkoftenlags(5)________,leadingtoconcernsaboutsafety,insurance,andfairlaborpractices.Moreover,the(6)________betweentraditionalbusinessesandsharingeconomyplatformscanbecontentious.Somestudiessuggestthatthesharingeconomymight(7)________incomeinequalityratherthanalleviateit,asthosewhoownassetsbenefitdisproportionately.Despitethesechallenges,themodelcontinuesto(8)________andevolve,influencingsectorsfromtransportationtoaccommodation.Itslong-term(9)________willlikelydependonhowsocietybalancesinnovationwith(10)________andequity.1.A.whichB.whereC.whoseD.when2.A.typicallyB.rarelyC.formallyD.personally3.A.efficientB.effectiveC.excessiveD.exclusive4.A.advantagesB.drawbacksC.originsD.milestones5.A.beforeB.behindC.beyondD.beside6.A.competitionB.cooperationC.comparisonD.combination7.A.addressB.assessC.exacerbateD.eliminate8.A.shrinkB.expandC.stagnateD.vanish9.A.impactB.sourceC.methodD.trend10.A.regulationB.deregulationC.isolationD.simulation第二节语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Inthedigitalage,thewayweread(11)________(change)profoundly.Deepreading,whichinvolvessustained,focusedattention,isbecomingincreasinglychallengingduetoconstantdigitaldistractions.Researchindicatesthatourbrains(12)________(rewire)themselvestoadapttotherapid,fragmentedinformationflowonline.This(13)________(lead)toadeclineincomprehensionandcriticalthinkingskills.(14)________(preserve)deepreadinghabits,expertsrecommendsettingasidededicatedtimeforreadingprintedmaterialwithoutinterruptions.Furthermore,engagingindiscussionsabout(15)________onehasreadcanstrengthenunderstandingandretention.Itisalsosuggestedthatparentslimitchildren’sscreentime(16)________encouragebookreadingfromanearlyage.Whiledigitaltoolsofferconvenience,(17)________(they)overusemaycomeatacognitivecost.Therefore,abalancedapproach(18)________(be)essential.Wemuststrive(19)________(maintain)theabilitytoimmerseourselvesincomplextexts,foritisaskillfundamentaltolearning,empathy,and(20)________(reflect).第二部分阅读理解第一节多项选择（共20小题；每小题2分，满分40分）阅读下列四篇短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。Text1Thephenomenonof“urbanheatislands”(UHIs)describesmetropolitanareasthataresignificantlywarmerthantheirruralsurroundings.Thistemperaturedifferenceisprimarilycausedbythereplacementofnaturallandcoverwithdenseconcentrationsofbuildings,roads,andotherinfrastructurethatabsorbandretainheat.Materialslikeconcreteandasphalthavehighthermalmassandlowalbedo,meaningtheyabsorbmoresolarradiationandreleaseheatslowly.Additionally,humanactivitiessuchasindustrialprocesses,transportation,andairconditioninggeneratewasteheat.Thelackofvegetationreducesshadeandevapotranspiration,furtherexacerbatingtheeffect.UHIscanhaveseriousconsequences,includingincreasedenergydemandforcooling,elevatedemissionsofairpollutantsandgreenhousegases,andheat-relatedillnessesandmortality.Mitigationstrategiesinvolveincreasinggreenspaces,usingreflectivebuildingmaterials,andimprovingurbandesigntoenhanceairflow.21.Whatisthemaincauseoftheurbanheatislandeffect?A.Highpopulationdensityincities.B.Theconcentrationofheat-absorbinginfrastructure.C.Excessiveuseofairconditioning.D.Lackofrainfallinurbanareas.22.Theword“albedo”(Line4)mostprobablyrefersto________.A.theabilitytoretainmoistureB.thecapacitytoreflectsunlightC.thestrengthofamaterialD.therateofheatconduction23.WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedasaconsequenceofUHIs?A.Higherenergyconsumption.B.Worseningairquality.C.Increasedriskofheatstroke.D.Morefrequentextremeweatherevents.24.Whatcanbeinferredaboutmitigationstrategiesfromthetext?A.Theyfocussolelyontechnologicalsolutions.B.Theyrequirechangesinurbanplanningandmaterials.C.Theyaretoocostlytobeimplementedwidely.D.Theyprimarilyaimtoreduceindustrialactivities.Text2Theconceptof“digitalminimalism”hasemergedasaresponsetotheoverwhelmingpresenceoftechnologyindailylife.CoinedbycomputerscientistCalNewport,itadvocatesforaintentionalandselectiveuseofdigitaltools,prioritizingthosethatsignificantlysupportone’svaluesandgoals,whilediscardingdistractingortrivialapplications.Digitalminimalismisnotaboutcompleterejectionoftechnologybutaboutconsciouscuration.Proponentsarguethatconstantconnectivityandinformationoverloadcanleadtoanxiety,reducedattentionspans,anddiminishedface-to-faceinteraction.Bydeclutteringdigitallife—suchaslimitingsocialmediause,turningoffnon-essentialnotifications,anddesignatingtech-freeperiods—individualscanreclaimfocus,deepenrelationships,andengagemorefullyinofflineactivities.Critics,however,questionitspracticalityinaworldwheremanyjobsandsocialtiesdependondigitalplatforms,andsuggestthattheproblemliesnotinthetoolsthemselvesbutinhowtheyareused.25.Accordingtothepassage,digitalminimalismprimarilyemphasizes________.A.usingthelatestdigitalgadgetsB.intentionalandvalue-driventechnologyuseC.completelyabandoningsocialmediaD.increasingonlineproductivity26.Whichpotentialbenefitofdigitalminimalismismentioned?A.Enhancedmultitaskingability.B.Improvedcapacityforface-to-facecommunication.C.Greateraccesstoonlineinformation.D.Developmentofnewtechnicalskills.27.Whatisacriticismmentionedagainstdigitalminimalism?A.Itleadstosocialisolation.B.Itisimpracticalintoday’sdigitallydependentsociety.C.Itincreasesanxietyaboutmissingout.D.Itrequiresexpensivesoftware.28.Theauthor’sattitudetowardsdigitalminimalismcanbedescribedas________.A.stronglyadvocativeB.mildlyskepticalC.objectivelydescriptiveD.openlydismissiveText3Thehistoryofcryptographyisataleoftheendlessduelbetweencodemakersandcodebreakers.FromancientciphersliketheCaesarshifttothesophisticatedEnigmamachineofWorldWarII,thegoalhasbeentoprotectinformationfromunauthorizedaccess.Theadventofcomputersrevolutionizedcryptography,leadingtocomplexalgorithmsthatunderpinmoderndigitalsecurity.Public-keycryptography,inventedinthe1970s,enabledsecurecommunicationoverinsecurechannelsandbecamethefoundationfore-commerceandonlineprivacy.However,theriseofquantumcomputingposesapotentialthreattocurrentcryptographicsystems.Quantumcomputerscould,intheory,breakwidelyusedencryptionmethods,necessitatingthedevelopmentofquantum-resistantalgorithms.Thisongoingracehighlightsafundamentaltension:associetybecomesmorereliantondigitaldata,theneedforrobustsecuritybecomesevermorecritical,yetthetoolstobreachthatsecurityalsoadvance.29.Whatwasamajormilestoneinthedevelopmentofcryptography?A.Theinventionofthetelegraph.B.TheuseoftheEnigmamachine.C.Thecreationofpublic-keycryptography.D.Thediscoveryofquantummechanics.30.Themainpurposeofcryptographythroughouthistoryhasbeento________.A.acceleratecommunicationspeedB.preservehistoricalrecordsC.protectinformationsecrecyD.simplifycomplexcalculations31.Whatispresentedasafuturechallengeforcryptography?A.Lackofinterestinthefield.B.Thepotentialofquantumcomputingtobreakencryption.C.Over-relianceonancientciphers.D.Thehighcostofdevelopingnewalgorithms.32.Whatdoesthe“endlessduel”(Line1)implyaboutcryptography?A.Itisasettledscience.B.Itisaconstantlyevolvingstruggle.C.Itisprimarilyofhistoricalinterest.D.Itisacollaborativeeffort.Text4Biomimicry,thepracticeofemulatingnature’sdesignsandprocessestosolvehumanproblems,hasyieldedremarkableinnovations.Thehigh-speedtrainShinkanseninJapan,forexample,haditsnoseconeredesignedtomimictheshapeofakingfisher’sbeaktoreducenoiseandincreaseefficiency.Similarly,thesurfacetextureofthelotusleaf,whichrepelswateranddirt,hasinspiredself-cleaningcoatings.Beyondengineering,biomimicryinformsbusinessandorganizationalstrategies,suchasresilientnetworksmodeledonecosystems.Proponentsarguethatnature,throughbillionsofyearsofevolution,hasalreadyfoundefficientandsustainablesolutions.Byobservingandlearningfromthesemodels,humanitycandeveloptechnologiesthatarelesswastefulandmoreharmoniouswiththeenvironment.However,criticsnotethatsimplycopyinganaturalformdoesnotguaranteesuccess;theunderlyingprinciplesmustbedeeplyunderstoodandappropriatelyadaptedtothespecifichumancontext.33.Whatistheprimaryprinciplebehindbiomimicry?A.Replacingnaturalecosystemswithhumantechnology.B.Usingbiologicalorganismsdirectlyinmanufacturing.C.Imitatingnature’sdesignstoaddresshumanchallenges.D.Preservingendangeredspeciesforfutureinspiration.34.TheexampleoftheShinkansentrainillustratesbiomimicry’sapplicationin________.A.aerodynamicdesignB.energyproductionC.passengercomfortD.schedulingefficiency35.Accordingtothepassage,apotentiallimitationofbiomimicryisthat________.A.itistooexpensivetoimplementB.itrequirestheextinctionofspeciesC.superficialimitationmaynotworkD.itslowsdowntechnologicalprogress36.WhichfieldisNOTmentionedasbeinginfluencedbybiomimicry?A.Engineering.B.Materialsscience.C.Organizationalmanagement.D.Medicalsurgery.第二节新题型（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面文章，根据文章内容，从文后选项中选出能填入文中空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。TheFutureofWork:Skillsforthe21stCenturyThelandscapeofworkisundergoingaprofoundtransformationdrivenbyautomation,artificialintelligence,andglobalization.Whilesomejobsaredisappearing,newonesareemerging,demandingadifferentsetofskills.Tothriveinthisevolvingenvironment,individualswillneedtocultivatecompetenciesthatmachinesfinddifficulttoreplicate.(37)________.Thisinvolvestheabilitytoanalyzeinformation,identifypatterns,evaluatearguments,andmakereasonedjudgments.Inaneraofinformationoverloadand“fakenews,”discerningtruthfromfalsehoodisparamount.Secondly,creativityandinnovationwillbehighlyprized.(38)________.Humaningenuityinart,science,andproblem-solvingwillremainakeydifferentiator.Third,emotionalintelligence(EQ)–thecapacitytobeawareof,control,andexpressone’semotions,andtohandleinterpersonalrelationshipsjudiciouslyandempathetically–willbecrucial.(39)________.Skillslikecollaboration,negotiation,andleadershiprelyheavilyonEQ.Furthermore,adaptabilityandlifelonglearningareessential.(40)________.Thewillingnessandabilitytocontinuouslyupdateone’sknowledgeandskillswilldeterminecareerresilience.Finally,digitalliteracyisnolongeroptional.(41)________.Thisgoesbeyondbasiccomputerskillstoincludeunderstandingdata,navigatingdigitalplatformssafely,andcomprehendingtheethicalimplicationsoftechnology.A.Asjobrolesandrequiredtechnologieschangerapidly,staticskillsetswillbecomeobsolete.B.Technicalexpertiseinasingle,narrowfieldwillbethemostsecurecareerpath.C.Criticalthinkingandcomplexproblem-solvingtopthelistofrequiredskills.D.Machinesmayexcelatoptimizationandroutinetasks,buttheystrugglewithoriginalthoughtandnovelideas.E.HighEQfosterseffectiveteamworkandmanagementindiversesettings.F.Physicalstrengthandmanualdexteritywillcontinuetobetheprimarydemandsofthelabormarket.G.Itencompassestheconfidentandcriticaluseofinformationandcommunicationtechnologies.第三部分写作第一节应用文写作（满分10分）42.假设你是李华，你校英语协会将举办一场关于“人工智能与未来职业”的线上讲座。请你用英语写一则通知，张贴在校园公告栏。通知需包含：1)讲座主题、时间、平台；2)主讲人简介；3)讲座主要内容；4)鼓励同学们参与。注意：词数约100词。第二节短文写作（满分15分）43.请根据以下图表和提示写一篇英语短文。图表：某大学2015年与2025年学生获取新闻的主要渠道对比图（示意图）2015年：电视45%，报纸30%，网站20%，社交媒体5%2025年：社交媒体50%，新闻网站/App35%，电视10%，报纸5%提示：1)描述图表主要变化；2)分析导致这些变化的原因（如技术发展、阅读习惯等）；3)谈谈这种变化可能带来的影响。注意：词数约150-200词。参考答案与评分参考第一部分英语知识运用第一节完形填空1.B2.A3.A4.B5.B6.A7.C8.B9.A10.A第二节语法填空11.haschanged12.arerewiring/havebeenrewiring13.leads/hasled14.Topreserve15.what16.and17.their18.is19.tomaintain20.reflection第二部分阅读理解第一节多项选择Text1:21.B22.B23.D24.BText2:25.B26.B27.B28.CText3:29.C30.C31.B32.BText4:33.C34.A35.C36.D第二节新题型37.C38.D39.E40.A41.G第三部分写作第一节应用文写作（满分10分）参考答案：NoticeTobroadenourvisionaboutthefuture,theEnglishAssociationisorganizinganonlinelectureon“ArtificialIntelligenceandFutureCareers”.ThelecturewillbegivenbyProfessorZhangWeifromtheComputerScienceDepartment,whoisarenownedexpertinAIapplications.ItwillbeheldviaZoomat7:00p.m.,thisFriday,March28th.ProfessorZhangwilldiscusshowAIisreshapingvariousindustries,whatnewjobsmightemerge,andwhatskillsweshoulddeveloptoadapt.Allstudentsarewarmlywelcometoatt