中考英语二轮复习语法突破课件专题十三宾语从句

专题十三宾语从句

宾语从句是初中英语中重要的语法项目之一,也是每年中考的常考考点。见下表:

构成规则例句语序宾语从句要用陈述句语序。但是,当连接代词本身在宾语从句中充当主语时,其语序则保持原来的语序,即

“连接代词+谓语”

The

old

lady

couldn’t

hear

what

we

were

saying.

The

teacher

asked

me

why

I

was

late

this

morning.

I

don’t

know

who

is

the

richest

of

them.

(作主语)

构成规则例

句连接词如果宾语从句为陈述句,常用连词that引导。that本身无实际意义,也不在宾语从句中充当任何成分,因此常可省略He

said

(that)

he

had

been

to

the

Great

Wall

twice.

如果宾语从句是由一般疑问句转化来的,应用连词if或whether引导。if、whether在句中不充当任何成分,但有一定的意义,表示

“是否”;if、whether不可省略。值得注意的是,如有两种选择时,多用whether,“whether…or

not”是一个固定搭配,此处的whether不能用if代替

He

asked

if/whether

we

knew

the

answer.

I

don’t

know

whether

he

has

come

back

or

not.

如果宾语从句是由特殊疑问句转化来的,应用连接代词who、whose、what、which或连接副词when、where、why、how引导。连接代词、连接副词引导宾语从句时,它们在句中既起连接句子的作用,又充当一定的成分

I

don’t

know

whose

book

it

is.

(作定语)

Can

you

tell

me

when

the

meeting

will

begin?(作状语)

构成规则例句时态如果主句中的谓语动词是一般现在时或一般将来时,从句根据实际情况可用各种时态

Do

you

know

who

he

was

talking

with

at

eight

last

Sunday?如果主句的谓语动词用过去时的时态,从句中的谓语动词也应该用相应的过去某种时态:一般现在时→一般过去时,一般将来时→过去将来时,现在进行时→过去进行时,现在完成时→过去完成时。但以could、would开头的句子不表示过去时态,

而是一种委婉的语气,宾语从句不必用过去时的时态

They

didn’t

know

who

he

was.

He

told

me

that

he

had

been

to

England

twice.

Could

you

let

me

know

when

he

will

come

back?

构成规则例句时态当宾语从句说明的是客观真理和普遍事实时,从句的时态不受主句时态限制,用一般现在时

She

said

the

sun

rises

in

the

east.

如果宾语从句是when引导的疑问句或带有时间状语从句,

则when引导的疑问句或时间状语从句中的一般过去时不变I

wanted

to

know

when

he

got

to

Guangzhou.

Tom

said

he

had

worked

here

since

he

left

school.

如果宾语从句含有过去具体的年/月/日作状语,

则其一般过去时保持不变

My

mother

said

he

was

born

in

1998.

构成规则例句否定的转移在think、believe、suppose(设想)、expect(期待)等动词之后的宾语从句中,如果从句谓语动词是否定含义,则其否定式要前移,即将主句谓语动词think、believe等变为否定形式

I

don’t

think

you

are

right.

此外,在使用宾语从句时还要注意以下三点。1.如果宾语从句后面有宾语补足语,要使用形式宾语it,将从句置于宾语补足语之后。例如:Ithoughtitstrangethatshedidn’tgivemeacall.我觉得奇怪,她没给我打电话。2.在think、believe、hope等动词以及I’mafraid等之后,可用so替代一个肯定的宾语从句,还可用not代替否定的宾语从句。例如:—Doyouthinkitwillclearup?你觉得天会放晴吗?—Ithinkso.我想会的。

此处so=itwillclearup(天气会转晴)。如果表达的是

“天气不会转晴”,则可说

“I’mafraidnot.”或者

“Idon’tthinkso.”。3.使用连词whether引导宾语从句时,常与ornot连用。例如:Ican’tdecidewhetherornottogotohisparty.我不能确定是否去参加他的聚会。【例1】(

)Guesshowlong

.Itis516meters—overfivefootballfieldslong.

A.thebridgeis B.isthebridgeC.thebridgewas D.wasthebridge【解析】本题考查宾语从句的时态及语序。句意:猜猜这座桥有多长?它有516米——超过五个足球场的长度。A和C为陈述句语序;B和D为疑问句语序。根据动词Guess后面的句子可知是考查宾语从句,排除B和D,再根据后面句子的时态排除C。故选A。【例2】(

)Inthespacecamp,Davidwasoftenasked

helikedspacecampssomuch.“Ifeellikearealastronautinthespacecamp,andIdon’tevenneedtoleavetheearth,”hesaid.

A.why B.when C.where(2023·广东中考改编)【解析】本题考查宾语从句的引导词。句意:在太空营里,大卫经常被问到为什么他这么喜欢太空营。他说:“在太空营里,我感觉自己就像一名真正的宇航员,我甚至不需要离开地球。”why为什么;when什么时候;where哪里。根据他的回答

“I

feel

like

a

real

astronaut

in

the

space

camp”可知前面询问的是原因。故选A。【例3】(

)Ioftenchecktheweatherreportonthemobilephone.Itshows________.A.whatwilltheweatherbelikeB.whatistheweatherlikeC.howtheweatherwillbe【解析】本题考查宾语从句的语序。句意:我经常在手机上查看天气预报。它会显示未来天气状况。动词shows后接宾语从句,宾语从句用陈述语序,排除A和B,只有C是陈述语序。故选C。(

)1.—Tim,doyouknow

theartfestival?

—Sure!NextFriday.A.whenweheldB.whenwillweholdC.whenwewillhold(

)2.—IjustcamebackfromGuangzhou.Canyouguess

?

—Isupposeyoutookthehigh-speedtrain.A.howdidIcomeback B.whenIcameback C.howIcamebackCC(

)3.—Mom,couldyoutellme

weusedtovisitmygrandparentseveryweek?

—Becausetheywouldbehappytoseeus.A.why B.where C.how(

)4.Withthedevelopmentoftechnology,nobodyknows_________

theworldwillbelikeinthefuture.

A.that B.what C.how(

)5.MyteachertoldusthatMay18th

InternationalMuseumDay.

A.is B.was C.willbeBAA

一、语法选择

请通读下面短文,掌握其大意,根据语法和上下文连贯的要求,从每小题所给的三个选项中选出一个最佳答案。Thereisaspecialjug(罐)

on

our

kitchen

table.

I

put

some

small

pieces

of

paper

and

a

pen

next

to

the

jug.

Anyone

in

my

family

can

write

down

something

good

that

1

recently.

As

it

gets

filled

with

these

notes,

the

jug

2

“Good

Things

Jug”.

(

)1.A.happen B.willhappen C.hashappened(

)2.A.called B.iscalled C.wascalledCBAt

the

end

of

the

year,

we

get

together

to

empty

the

jug.

We

take

turns

3

the“Good

Things”aloud.

Some

are

funny,

some

are

serious,

4

some

give

us

hope.

(

)3.A.read B.reading C.toread(

)4.A.but B.and C.orCBOver

the

past

twelve

months,

there

have

been

many

5

things

in

our

family.

Noticing

the“Good

Things”has

helped

us

go

through

the

hard

times.

Here

are

6

few

notes

from

the“Good

Things

Jug”:

(

)5.A.difficult B.difficulty C.difficultly(

)6.A.a B.an C.theAA

“Jim

and

I

went

camping

with

our

parents.

There

we

taught

my

pet

cat

7

to

clap

(拍)

with

his

feet.”

“With

my

8

care,

I

got

well

from

a

serious

illness.

I’m

so

thankful

for

their

love.”

“Dad

got

a

better

job

today!”(

)7.A.what B.who C.how(

)8.A.parents B.parents’ C.parent’sCBOur“Good

Things

Jug”is

full

9

love,

hope

and

happiness.

The

little

messages

remind

us

that

there

is

always

something

to

look

forward

to,

even

during

difficult

times.

Therefore,

I

encourage

you

to

create

10

“Good

Things

Jug”today.

I

am

sure

it

will

make

a

big

difference

in

your

future

life.

(

)9.A.to B.for C.of(

)10.A.you B.your C.yoursCB

二、短文填空

请从方框内选择适当的词并用其正确形式填空,使文章完整连贯。注意每空一词,每词仅用一次,有两词为多余选项。John,an11-year-oldboy,gotanideaofcollectingbooksforthecommunitylibraryfromaTVshow.by

collect

child

from

he

localreal service start when andwhyJohnwantedtohelp1.

likehimintheircommunitytohavemorechancestoread,sohestartedtheSavingBooksProgram.Itsgoalwasto2.

booksforthelocallibrary.Johnwentfromdoortodoortogetbooks3.

hisneighbors.Heendedupcollecting260books.Allthebookswenttothelibrary.“Ilovetoseewhere