沪教版八年级《英语》上学期期末考试广州卷

PAGE12026学年八年级上学期期末考试（广州专用）英语本试卷共四大题，满分90分。考试时间100分钟。注意事项：1.答卷前，考生务必在答题卡上用黑色字迹的钢笔或签字笔填写自己的考生号、姓名、试室号、座位号，再用2B铅笔把对应这两个号码的标号涂黑。2.选择题每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需要改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案。不能答在试卷上。3.非选择题必须用黑色字迹的钢笔或签字笔作答，答案必须写在答题卡各题目指定区域的相应位置上；如需要改动，先划掉原来的答案，然后再写上新的答案，改动的答案也不能超出指定的区域；不准使用铅笔、圆珠笔和涂改液。不按以上要求作答的答案无效。4.考生必须保持答题卡的整洁，考试结束，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。一、语法选择（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，从1〜15各题所给的A、B、C和D项中选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。Chinahasarichfoodculture.TherearesomeinterestingstoriesbehindChinesefood,aswellasthetoolsweusetoeat.HotpotHotpot1popularamongChinesepeopleforalongtime.As2asintheShangDynasty,peoplecookedfoodsinbronzecauldrons(青铜鼎).Thecauldronhadtwoparts—onewasthepottocookfoodsinsoup,and3partwasaspaceinsidethecauldrontoholdfire.YuanMeiwas4famouspoetandfoodloverintheQingDynasty.He5hotpot“huoguo”.Atthattime,hotpotswereverypopular.People6putallkindsofmeatandvegetablesintothehotpot.Theyalsouseddifferentthings7pots.DongpoporkThereisafamousChinesedishcalled“Dongpopork”.Doesithave8todowiththegreatpoetSuDongpo?Yes.SuDongpowasapoetwholivedduringtheSongDynasty.Hewas9persontomakethisdish.10hewasalocalofficialinHubei,hefellinlovewithcookingporkandhecouldcook11thananyotherpeople.ChopsticksWhataretheDosandDon’tsofusingchopsticks?ForChinesepeople,chopsticksarenotjustsimpletoolstopickupfood.Theycomewith12ownspecialrulesandtraditions.Forexample,peopleshouldn’tmakenoisewithchopsticks.Playingwithchopsticksisrude.Therearealsosomebeliefsabout13chopsticks.Forexample,somepeoplebelievethatweshouldn’tputthechopsticksupright14abowl.Itlooksliketheincense(香)thatChinesepeopleusetorespectthedeadpeople,15doingitatthedinnertableisbelievedtobringbadluck.1．A．was B．were C．hasbeen D．havebeen2．A．early B．earlier C．earliest D．theearliest3．A．other B．theother C．theothers D．another4．A．a B．an C．the D．/5．A．name B．names C．named D．isnaming6．A．could B．should C．must D．need7．A．make B．making C．tomaking D．tomake8．A．nothing B．everything C．something D．anything9．A．one B．thefirst C．first D．firstly10．A．When B．Although C．Unless D．Because11．A．good B．well C．better D．best12．A．they B．them C．their D．theirs13．A．use B．using C．used D．touse14．A．in B．of C．with D．for15．A．yet B．or C．but D．and【答案】1．C2．A3．B4．A5．C6．A7．D8．D9．B10．A11．C12．C13．B14．A15．D【导语】本文主要介绍了中国传统饮食文化背后的有趣故事以及与餐具有关的餐桌礼仪。1．句意：火锅在中国人中流行已久。was是，am和is的过去式；were是，are的过去式；hasbeen已经，三单形式；havebeen已经。根据“foralongtime”可知，此处应用现在完成时，主语为“Hotpot”，所以C项符合。故选C。2．句意：早在商代，人们就用青铜鼎做饭。early早些时候；earlier更早；earliest最早；theearliest最早。as…as“与……一样”，原级比较，A项符合。故选A。3．句意：青铜鼎有两部分——一部分是用来煮汤的锅，另一部分是锅内用来生火的空间。other其他的，后接名词；theother另一个，通常用于两者之间的特定一个；theothers其余的人或物；another另一个，用于三者或三者以上的另一个。根据“Thecauldronhadtwoparts—one…”可知，此处指两者之间的另一个，B项符合。故选B。4．句意：袁枚是清代一位著名的诗人和美食爱好者。a不定冠词，表泛指，用于以辅音音素开头的单词前；an不定冠词，表泛指，用于以元音音素开头的单词前；the定冠词，表特指；/零冠词。根据语境可知，此处表示泛指的含义，空后的“famous”是以辅音音素开头的单词，用a。故选A。5．句意：他将hotpot命名为“火锅”。name命名，动词原形；names命名，三单形式；named命名，过去式或过去分词；isnaming正在命名。此处表示过去的事情，句子时态为一般过去时，C项符合。故选C。6．句意：人们能够把各种各样的肉和蔬菜放进火锅里。could能够；should应该；must必须；need需要。根据“People…putallkindsofmeatandvegetablesintothehotpot.”的语境并结合选项可知，此处指人们能够把各种各样的肉和蔬菜放进火锅里，A项符合。故选A。7．句意：他们还用不同的东西做锅。make制作，动词原形；making制作，现在分词或动名词；tomaking制作，介词+动名词；tomake制作，不定式。分析句子结构并结合语境可知，此处表示目的，应用不定式结构。故选D。8．句意：这和伟大的诗人苏东坡有关吗？nothing没有什么；everything每件事；something某事，常用于肯定句；anything任何事情，常用于否定句或疑问句。根据“Doesithave…todowiththegreatpoetSuDongpo?”的语境可知，此处询问东坡肉是否和苏东坡有关，此句为疑问句，anything符合。故选D。9．句意：他是第一个做这道菜的人。one一；thefirst第一，the+序数词；first第一；firstly首先。根据“Hewas…persontomakethisdish.”的语境并结合常识及选项可知，苏东坡是第一个做这道菜的人，应用序数词first，序数词前加定冠词the。故选B。10．句意：当他还是湖北的一名地方官员时，他爱上了烹饪猪肉，而且他比任何人都做得更好。When当……时候；Although尽管；Unless除非；Because因为。根据“…hewasalocalofficialinHubei,hefellinlovewithcookingporkandhecouldcook…thananyotherpeople.”的语境可知，主从句动作同时发生，应用when引导时间状语从句，句首首字母大写。故选A。11．句意：当他还是湖北的一名地方官员时，他爱上了烹饪猪肉，而且他比任何人都会做得更好。good好的；well好；better更好；best最好。根据空后的“than”可知，此处用比较级形式。故选C。12．句意：它们有自己的特殊规则和传统。they它/她/他们，人称代词主格；them它/她/他们，人称代词宾格；their它/她/他们的，形容词性物主代词；theirs它/她/他们的，名词性物主代词。one’sown“自己的”，是固定搭配。故选C。13．句意：也有一些关于使用筷子的信仰。use使用，动词原形；using使用，动名词或现在分词；used使用，过去式或过去分词；touse使用，不定式。根据空前的介词“about”可知，此处应用动名词形式，作宾语。故选B。14．句意：例如，有些人认为我们不应该把筷子直立放在碗里。in在……里面；of……的；with和；for为了。根据“Forexample,somepeoplebelievethatweshouldn’tputthechopsticksupright…abowl.”的语境及常识可知，不应该把筷子直立放在碗里，A项符合。故选A。15．句意：它看起来像是中国人用来祭拜死者的香，在餐桌上这样做被认为会带来厄运。yet然而；or或者；but但是；and和。根据“Itlooksliketheincense(香)thatChinesepeopleusetorespectthedeadpeople…doingitatthedinnertableisbelievedtobringbadluck.”的语境可知，此处表示并列关系，and符合。故选D。二、完形填空（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从16〜25各题所给的A、B、C和D项中选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。What’sthemostimportantthinginyourlife?Somepeople16it’shardwork,knowledge,loveorluck.Somesayitiswealthbecauseitcanmakethemrichandliveabetterlife.Ifyouplacethe26Englishlettersinorderanduseanumbertostandforeachofthem,forexample,1fora,2forb,3forc...,youcan17anEnglishwordintoanumber.Sohardworkbecomes8+1+18+4+23+15+18+11=98;knowledge:11+14+15+23+12+5+4+7+5=96;love:12+15+22+5=54;luck:12+21+3+11=47.Noneofthesewordscangiveoneafullmark.Theyarenot18enoughtobeafullmark.Whataboutwealth?Itcan’t,either.Thenwhatelse?Don’tbeworried.Youmayhavemany19inyourlife.Andyouwillfindtheanswerstothemwhenyouchangeyourwaysof20thingsordoingthings,oryourattitudes(态度).“Attitude”isthe21wordwithafullmark.Attitudeis1+20+20+9+20+21+4+5=100.Differentattitudesgiveyoudifferent22oflife.Theywillteachyousomething.Youmaymakeyourdreamscometrue23ifyouhavechangedyourbadattitudes.Whenyouchangeyourattitudesandbecomefriendlytoothers,you’ll24moresmilingfacestowardsyou.Itisalso25totakeanactiveattitudetowardsfailure.Youwillrealizethatitcanhelpyouachieveyourdreams.16．A．depend B．think C．ask D．interview17．A．change B．fall C．bring D．break18．A．dangerous B．bad C．big D．small19．A．books B．moments C．problems D．plans20．A．thinkingabout B．lookingfor C．puttingon D．takingout21．A．foolish B．wrong C．same D．correct22．A．jokes B．lessons C．topics D．hobbies23．A．loudly B．busily C．difficultly D．successfully24．A．lose B．meet C．forget D．challenge25．A．useful B．impossible C．convenient D．traditional【答案】16．B17．A18．C19．C20．A21．D22．B23．D24．B25．A【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章围绕生活中最重要的事物展开探讨，通过对努力工作、知识、爱、运气、财富等常见因素的分析，发现它们都不能成为满分答案，进而引出“态度”才是那个能得满分的关键因素；强调不同的态度会带来不同的人生启示，改变不良态度有助于成功实现梦想，倡导人们以积极的态度面对生活。16．句意：一些人认为是努力工作、知识、爱或运气。depend依靠；think认为；ask询问；interview采访。根据上文“What’sthemostimportantthinginyourlife?”可知，此处是一些人回答上文的问题，他们认为生活中最重要的东西是努力工作、知识、爱或运气。故选B。17．句意：如果你将26个英文字母按顺序排列，并用一个数字代表它们中的每一个，例如，1代表a，2代表b，3代表c……你可以把一个英语单词转变为一个数字。change改变；fall落下；bring带来；break打破。根据下文“Sohardworkbecomes8+1+18+4+23+15+18+11=98;”可知，“hardwork”变成了98，所以此处是指把一个英语单词转变为一个数字；考查change...into...“把……转变为……”，固定搭配。故选A。18．句意：它们不够大，不能得满分。dangerous危险的；bad坏的；big大的；small小的。上文提到这些单词转化后的数字都不能得满分，说明它们数值不够大。故选C。19．句意：在你的生活中可能会有很多问题。books书；moments时刻；problems问题；plans计划。根据下文“findtheanswerstothem”可知，找到它们的答案，所以此处是指生活中有很多问题。故选C。20．句意：当你改变思考事情或做事的方式，或者你的态度时，你会找到这些问题的答案。thinkingabout思考；lookingfor寻找；puttingon穿上；takingout拿出。根据语境可知，此处是指改变思考事情的方式或做事方式就能找到问题答案。故选A。21．句意：“Attitude”是那个能得满分的正确单词。foolish愚蠢的；wrong错误的；same相同的；correct正确的。根据下文“Attitudeis1+20+20+9+20+21+4+5=100.”可知，“Attitude”计算后得满分100，所以此处是指“Attitude”是那个能得满分的正确单词。故选D。22．句意：不同的态度会给你不同的人生启示。jokes笑话；lessons教训，启示；topics话题；hobbies爱好。根据下文“Theywillteachyousomething.”可知，不同的态度会教给你一些东西，所以此处是指不同的态度会给你不同的教训。故选B。23．句意：如果你改变了不好的态度，你可能会成功地实现你的梦想。loudly大声地；busily忙碌地；difficultly困难地；successfully成功地。根据语境可知，此处是指改变不好的态度就能成功地实现梦想。故选D。24．句意：当你改变你的态度，对别人变得友好时，你会遇到更多的笑脸。lose失去；meet遇到，见到；forget忘记；challenge挑战。根据“becomefriendlytoothers”可知，此处是指你对别人友好时，你会遇到更多笑脸。故选B。25．句意：对失败采取积极的态度也是有用的。useful有用的；impossible不可能的；convenient方便的；traditional传统的。根据下文“Youwillrealizethatitcanhelpyouachieveyourdreams.”可知，积极的态度能帮助人们实现梦想，所以此处是指对失败采取积极态度是有用的。故选A。三、阅读（共两节，满分35分）第一节阅读理解阅读下列短文，从26~45各题所给的A、B、C和D项中选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）AImaginewakinguptofindacupofcoffeereadyandfloorcleaned.Withsmartdevices(装置)controlledbyAI,allhouseworkcanbedonewhileyouareasleep.Nowyourkidscantrythesedevicesatthesmallhome.ItwillbeshowninourcommunitysciencecenterfromAugust1sttoAugust14th.Hereinthecenterwehavemanyfunactivities.ChildrencanalsotryoutcleaningrobotLittleQ.Itisacuterobotwitharoundhead,twobigeyesandtwolonglegs.It’slikeabigtoy.Yourchildrenmustloveit.OpeningHours:1:00p.m.—9:00p.m,fromTuesdaytoSunday,closedonMonday.Visitors:Peopleofallagesarewelcome.Childrenunder12shouldcomealongwiththeirparents.Nopetsareallowed.FoodDrinks:Nooutsidefoodordrinks.Visitorscanbuyfoodanddrinksinthecenter.Tickets:KindlynotethatYouCAN’Tbookaticketonourwebsiteorthroughe-mail.AnditisNOTpossibletobuyaticketatourticketofficewhenitisclosed.Togetmoreinformation,pleasecall769520.26．WhatdoesLittleQlooklike?A．B． C． D．27．Whocanbeallowedtovisitthecenter?A．Amanwithapetcat. B．A9-year-oldboyalone.C．Amanwithhis3-year-oldson. D．Agirlwithfoodfromoutside.28．Howcanavisitorbuyaticket?A．Byvisitingthewebsite. B．Bysendingane-mail.C．Bymakingaphonecall. D．Bygoingtotheticketoffice.【答案】26．D27．C28．C【导语】本文向我们介绍社区科学中心的活动。26．细节理解题。根据“ChildrencanalsotryoutcleaningrobotLittleQ.Itisacuterobotwitharoundhead,twobigeyesandtwolonglegs”可知，小Q是一个可爱的机器人，圆圆的脑袋，两只大眼睛和两条长腿。故选D。27．细节理解题。根据“Visitors:Peopleofallagesarewelcome.Childrenunder12shouldcomealongwiththeirparents.Nopetsareallowed.”和“FoodDrinks:Nooutsidefoodordrinks.”可知，欢迎各个年龄层的人，12岁以下儿童应与父母一同前往，宠物禁止入内，所以一个男人和他三岁的儿子可以入内，故选C。28．细节理解题。根据“Tickets:KindlynotethatYouCAN’Tbookaticketonourwebsiteorthroughe-mail.AnditisNOTpossibletobuyaticketatourticketofficewhenitisclosed.Togetmoreinformation,pleasecall769520.”可知不能在我们的网站上或通过电子邮件预订门票，当售票处关闭时，我们无法在售票处买票，可推知可以打电话订票。故选C。BAlongtimeago,afarmerplantedtwoseedsintheground.Hegavethemwaterandfoodeveryday.Hetookgoodcareofthem,andbothseedsfelthappy.But,bothoftheseedshaddifferentopinionsabouttheirgrowth.Oneofthemwantedtogrowfastandwishedtotouchtheskyassoonaspossible,whilethesecondseedwasafraidtoopenitsbuds.Hethoughtifhegrew,thenasnailwouldeathim.Astimepassed,thefirstseedgrewandbecametall.Hisrootswentdeepintothesoil.Hegrewtallerandsoonhadprettyflowers.Theflowerswerebright,andpeoplepassingbystoppedtolook.Theylikedtheplantbecauseitwasbeautiful.Ontheotherhand,thesecondseeddidnotgrowbecauseofhisnegativeattitude.“Thegroundistoohard,”hethought.“Whatifmysproutsbreak?Whatifsomethingbadhappens?”So,hestayedinthesoil,waitingforthe“righttime”togrow.Oneday,thegrowingplantaskedthelittleone,“Whydon’tyougrow?It’sbeenyearssincethefarmersplantedbothofus.Ifyouneedanyhelp,pleaseletmeknow.Iwouldbehappytohelpyou.”Butthelittleonereplied,“IfIsendmyrootsintothegroundbelow,Idon’tknowwhatIwillmeetinthedark.AndifIopenmyblossoms,asmallchildmaypullmefromtheground.No,itismuchbetterformetowaituntilitissafe.”Then,oneday,ahenandherchickswanderedandlookedforfood.Theyfoundthewaitingseedandtheyateit.Thisstoryteachesusanimportantlesson.Ifwewanttogrowanddowell,wemusttakerisksandbebrave.Butifwearetooscaredtotry,wemightfail.29．Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“negativeattitude”inparagraph4referto?A．Beingsadandshy. B．Beingbraveandstrong.C．Beingafraidandunsure. D．Beinghappyandexcited.30．Whichisthecorrectorderofthestory?a.Thefirstseedgrewtallandbloomedflowers.

b.Thefarmerplantedandcaredfortheseeds.c.Ahenandherchicksatethesecondseed.

d.Thesecondseeddecidednottogrow.e.Thetallplantaskedthesmallseedwhyitdidn’tgrow.A．b→d→a→e→c B．b→a→d→c→e C．b→e→d→a→c D．b→d→a→c→e31．Ifapersonislikethesecondseed,whatmighthappentohim?A．Hewillalwaysbesafeandsuccessful. B．Hewilllosemanyfriendsandliveasadlife.C．Hewillbecomesuccessfulbecauseheispatient. D．Hewillmissalotofgoodchancesandnotsucceed.32．Whatdoesthestorytellus?A．It’swrongtolaughatthesmallerones.B．Itisbettertowaitfortherighttimetogrow.C．Beingsmallandsafeisthebestwaytolive.D．Peopleshouldbebraveandtryhardtobecomesuccessful.【答案】29．C30．A31．D32．D【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。主要介绍了两颗种子的两种态度导致了两个不同的结果。告诉我们如果我们想要成长和做好，我们必须承担风险并且要勇敢。29．词句猜测题。根据“‘Thegroundistoohard,’hethought.‘Whatifmysproutsbreak?Whatifsomethingbadhappens?’So,hestayedinthesoil,waitingforthe‘righttime’togrow.”可知，第二颗种子害怕成长，不确定外部环境是否安全。第四段中的“negativeattitude”指的是第二颗种子的害怕和不确定的态度。故选C。30．细节理解题。文章是按照事情发展的顺序来写的。根据第一段的“afarmerplantedtwoseedsintheground.Hegavethemwaterandfoodeveryday.Hetookgoodcareofthem”，第二段的“whilethesecondseedwasafraidtoopenitsbuds”，第三段的“thefirstseedgrewandbecametall”，第五段的“thegrowingplantaskedthelittleone”以及第六段的“ahenandherchickswanderedandlookedforfood.Theyfoundthewaitingseedandtheyateit”可知，首先农民种了两颗种子，然后第二颗种子决定不生长，然后第一颗种子长得很高，之后第一颗种子发出疑问，最后第二颗种子被吃了。正确的顺序为b→d→a→e→c。故选A。31．推理判断题。根据“Theyfoundthewaitingseedandtheyateit.”和“Butifwearetooscaredtotry,wemightfail.”可知，如果一个人像第二颗种子，他会失去很多好的机会并且不会成功。故选D。32．细节理解题。根据“Thisstoryteachesusanimportantlesson.Ifwewanttogrowanddowell,wemusttakerisksandbebrave.Butifwearetooscaredtotry,wemightfail.”可知，这篇文章告诉我们要想成功，人们要勇敢并为之努力。故选D。CWhatdoyouthinkisthemostimportantinventioninthelast1,000years?Manypeoplesaythatit’stheprintingpress(印刷机)thatallowsustoprintcopiesorbooks.Whyistheprintingpresssoimportantinhumanhistory?Beforetheprintingpresswasinvented,bookswerecopiedbyhand.AnancientRomanbooktradersometimessoldasmanyas5,000copiesofabookthathadbeencopiedbyslaves(奴隶),copyingabooktooksomuchtimeandwassoexpensive.Asaresult,usuallyonlyasmallpartofthepeoplelearnedtoreadandownedbooks.In1450,JohannesGutenbergfromGermanyinventedthemodernprintingpress.TheeffectofhismachineissometimescomparedtotheinventionoftheInternet.Gutenberg’sprintingpresswaseasytousewithlanguagessuchasEnglishthathadalphabetic(字母的)words.After1450,thousandsofcopiesofapopularbookornewspapercouldbemadequicklyandcheaply.Booksandnewspaperswithideasandimagesfromallovertheworldwentintothemarketforthewidepublic.Readinghasbroughtaboutamazingchangesinscienceandtechnology.We’velearnedhowtocreatewealth(财富)andeventraveltofarplaces.Computers,mobilephones,becausemillionsofreaderswerecreatedbytheprintingpress.Since1450,moreandmorepeoplehavebecomereaders.Thesereadershelptheworldtomakeprogressatafastspeed.33．Howdoesthewriterstartthepassage?A．Bytellingastory. B．Byshowingopinions.C．Byaskingsomequestions. D．Bygivingmanynumbers.34．WhatcanweinferfromParagraph2?A．AsearlyasancientRome,manypeoplelearnedtoread.B．PeopleinancientRomewereinterestedincopyingbooks.C．Theprintingpressisthemostusefulinventionintheworld.D．Theinventionoftheprintingpressisnecessaryandimportant.35．Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A．Theprintingpresswascheapforallthepeopleinthepast.B．Theslavescameupwiththeideaoftheprintingpress.C．Theprintingpresstaughtpeoplehowtocreatewealth.D．Gutenberg’sinventionplayedanimportantroleinhumanhistory.36．What’sthebesttitleforthepassage?A．Howtheprintingpresschangedtheworld.B．Whenthefirstmodernprintingpresswasinvented.C．Whatthefirstmodernprintingpresslookedlike.D．Whyreadingbooksismoreandmorepopulararoundtheworld.【答案】33．C34．D35．D36．A【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了印刷机的发展以及贡献。33．细节理解题。根据第一段“Whatyouismostinventionthe1,000?Manysayit’sprintingthatusprintorisprintingsoinhistory?”可知，作者通过两个问题来引出本文的话题印刷机。故选C。34．推理判断题。根据第二段“Beforetheprintingpresswasinvented,bookswerecopiedbyhand.AnancientRomanbooktradersometimessoldasmanyas5,000copiesofabook...”可知，在印刷机发明之前，抄写费时而且贵，所以印刷术的发明重要而且有必要。故选D。35．细节理解题。根据第三段“In1450,JohannesGutenbergfromGermanyinventedthemodernprintingpress., TheeffectofhismachineissometimescomparedtotheinventionoftheInternet.”可知,他的发明在人类历史上非常重要。故选D。36．最佳标题题。根据第一段“Whatyouismostinventionthe1,000?Manysayit’sprintingthatusprintorisprintingsoinhistory?”以及“Since1450,moreandmorepeoplehavebecomereaders.Thesereadershelptheworldtomakeprogressatafastspeed.”可知，本文介绍了印刷机是如何改变世界的。故选A。DDoyouhaveanyideahowflexible(灵活的)elephanttrunksandoctopustentacles(章鱼触手)are?Canyouimaginearobotthatislikebothofthem?AgroupofscientistsfromaChineseuniversityhasmadeareallysmartspiral(螺旋形)softrobotarm.Thisarmisalmostasgoodasthehumanhandwhenitcomestopickingupdifferentthings.Somevideosshowinghowitworkshavebeenputout.Inthesevideosyoucanseethetentacle-likerobotarmdoamazingthings.Itcaneasilypickupfragilethingslikeglass,eggs,andstrawberrieswithoutbreakingthem.Itcanalsocatchafast-movingtennisballquicklyandhitaping-pongballaccurately.Thescientists,ledbyNikolaosFrerisfromtheUniversityofScienceandTechnologyofChina,usedamethodcalledreverseengineering(逆向工程).Theycopiedtheflexiblestructuresthatlooklikespiralsinnature.Therobotsystem,calledSpiRobs,whichwasmadebylearningfromnature,candoveryskillfulmovementstopickthingsup,suchasreelingin,stretchingout,windingaroundandgrabbingthings.AccordingtoastudypublishedinthemagazineDevice,ithasasuccessrateofnearly95percent.Thespiralgripper(抓手),whichhasa15-degreeconicalangle,ismovedbytwoorthreecables.Itcanpickupmuchlargerthingsandcancarrythingsthatare260timesheavierthanitself,thestudysays.Also,theteamused3Dprintingtomakemodelsofdifferentsizes,fromcentimeterstometers.Theyusedcheapmaterialslikepolyurethane,resinandpaper.Thismakesitmorelikelythattheserobotscanbesoldinthefuture.Inatestoutside,arobotarmfixedonadrone(无人机)wasabletoskillfullygrabandliftawaterbucket.Thisshowsthatitmightbeusefulinthelow-altitudeeconomyareainthefuture.37．Howdoesthewriterstartthepassage?A．Bygivingexamples.B．Byaskingquestions.C．Bycomparingdifferences. D．Bylistingnumbers.38．Whatcanweinferfromthepassage?A．Therobotarmsarenotsuitableforpickingupheavythings.B．Therobotarmswillbeseeninmanydifferentfieldsinlife.C．Therobotarmswillreplacehumanhandscompletelyinthefuture.D．Therobotarmscandomanymovementslikespiralsinnature.39．What’stheauthor’sattitudetowardsthespiralsoftrobotarm?A．Doubtful. B．Uncertain. C．Disappointed. D．Supportive.40．Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?A．Thefuturedevelopmentofthedrones.B．Theuseof3Dprintinginmakingrobotarms.C．Theintroductionofasmartspiralsoftrobotarm.D．Theimportanceofreverseengineeringinrobotics.【答案】37．B38．B39．D40．C【导语】本文主要介绍了一群来自中国大学的科学家制造出的一款智能螺旋软机械臂，包括其工作表现、制作方法、特点及未来应用前景等。37．细节理解题。根据“Doyouhaveanyideahowflexible(灵活的)elephanttrunksandoctopustentacles(章鱼触手)are?Canyouimaginearobotthatislikebothofthem?”可知，作者通过提问大象鼻子和章鱼触手有多灵活以及能否想象一个像它们一样的机器人来开启文章。故选B。38．推理判断题。根据“Inatestoutside,arobotarmfixedonadrone(无人机)wasabletoskillfullygrabandliftawaterbucket.Thisshowsthatitmightbeusefulinthelow-altitudeeconomyareainthefuture.”可知，在一次户外测试中，固定在无人机上的机械臂能够熟练地抓取并提起一个水桶。这表明它未来可能在低空经济领域有用，结合前文提到的机械臂能完成各种精细动作、成功率高、能拿起重物等特点，可以推断出机械臂未来会在生活中许多不同领域出现。故选B。39．推理判断题。通读全文可知，文中详细介绍了这款智能螺旋软机械臂的多种优点和强大功能，如能完成各种精细动作、成功率高、能拿起重物等，还提到其制作材料便宜未来可能投入市场，这些都表明作者对它是持支持态度的。故选D。40．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了一款由中国科学家制造的智能螺旋软机械臂，包括其工作表现、制作方法、特点及未来应用前景等。故选C。第二节阅读填空（共5小题；每小题1分，满分5分）阅读短文及文后A〜E选项，选出可以填入41〜45各题空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑Nowadays,traditionalChinesecultureislovedbypeopleallovertheworld.41HowtoplanyourfirsttriptoChinaifyouwanttocomehere?Choosewheretogo.Chinahasmanycities.42SowesuggestyouvisitBeijingandChengduforyourfirsttrip.AsthecapitalcityofChina,Beijinghasmanyplacesofinterest,suchastheGreatWall,theSummerPalaceandtheForbiddenCity.YoucanlearnaboutChinesearchitecture(建筑).43YoumaytastedifferentkindsoffoodinChengdu.Andifyoulikepandas,youcanalsotakepartinourgiantpandavolunteerprogram——makingpandafood,watchingapandaeatit,andmore.44IfyouwanttoknowmoreaboutChina,wesuggestyouspendatleastaweekforyourfirsttriptoChina,becauseitisdifficulttoenjoymorebeautifulscenery(风景)inashorttime.Thelongeryoustay,thericheryourexperiencewillbe.ThinkwhentotraveltoChina.WesuggestyouvisitChinainspringorautumnifyouhavetime.SpringandautumnarethebesttimetovisitChina.Theweatheratthistimeisneithertoohotnortoocold.45A．Decidehowmanydaystostay.B．ChengduisfamousfordeliciousSichuanfood.C．ChinaTravelisbecomingmoreandmorepopular.D．Thereisabigdifferencebetweenthenorthernandsoutherncities.E．Andyoufeelverycomfortablewhenyougoforawalkwithyourfamily.【答案】41．C42．D43．B44．A45．E【导语】本文介绍了如何计划第一次中国之旅。41．根据“Nowadays,traditionalChinesecultureislovedbypeopleallovertheworld.”可知，此处需要说明与中国旅游相关的信息。选项C“中国旅游正在变得越来越受欢迎。”符合语境。故选C。42．根据“Chinahasmanycities.”以及“SowesuggestyouvisitBeijingandChengduforyourfirsttrip.”可知，此处是建议旅行的城市，并提到了北京和成都。选项D“北方城市和南方城市之间存在很大差异。”符合语境。故选D。43．根据“YoumaytastedifferentkindsoffoodinChengdu.”可知此处提到了成都的食物，选项B“成都以美味的川菜而闻名。”符合语境，故选B。44．根据“IfyouwanttoknowmoreaboutChina,wesuggestyouspendatleastaweekforyourfirsttriptoChina”可知此处是对旅行时间长短进行建议，选项A“决定停留多少天。”符合语境，故选A。45．根据“SpringandautumnarethebesttimetovisitChina.Theweatheratthistimeisneithertoohotnortoocold.”可知此处在介绍春天和秋天来中国旅行的舒适感，选项E“当你和家人一起散步时，你会感到非常舒服。”符合语境，故选E。四、写作（共三节，满分30分）第一节语篇填词（共5小题；每小题1分，满分5分）根据短文的内容及首字母提示写出文中所缺单词。Longago,theGreeksfoughtagainstthecityofTroyfortenyears.Oneday,thecaptainofTroystoodonthehighwall.HesaidtheGreekshadleftandtheywon.Butasoldiersawah46woodenhorse.ThecaptainthoughtitwastoobigfortheGreekstotake,soheaskedsoldierstop47itintothecity.Atnightinthemainsquare,alltheTrojansc48happily.Theydancedandsangaroundthehorse,laughingattheGreeks.Thecaptainsaidhehadn’tlaughedlikethatsincehewasachild.Aftertheparty,theylockedthecitygatesandwenttosleep.Bymidnight,thesquarewase49exceptthehorse.Thenasecretdooronthehorseopened.ItwasfullofGreeksoldiers!Theyclimbedoutq50andopenedthemaingates.TheGreekarmyenteredthecity.AftertenyearsoftryingtocaptureTroybyfighting,theyfinallysucceededwiththisclevertrick.【答案】46．(h)uge47．(p)ull48．(c)elebrated49．(e)mpty50．(q)uietly【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了古希腊与特洛伊城之间的一场历史战争及其中的一个著名事件——木马计。46．句意：但是一名士兵看到了一匹巨大的木马。根据下文“ThecaptainthoughtitwastoobigfortheGreekstotake…”和首字母“h”提示可知，此处是指这匹木马很大；考查huge“巨大的”，形容词，在句中作定语，修饰名词短语“woodenhorse”。故填(h)uge。47．句意：首领认为这匹马太大了，希腊人带不走，所以他让士兵们把它拉进城里。根据上文“itwastoobig”和首字母“p”提示可知，首领认为木马太大了，需要多人合力才能把它拉进城门；考查pull“拉”，动词；空前有动词不定式符号to，这里应用动词原形。故填(p)ull。48．句意：晚上，在主广场上，所有的特洛伊人都开心地庆祝着。根据第一段“HesaidtheGreekshadleftandtheywon.”可知，希腊人离开了，特洛伊人认为自己获胜了，所以此处是指他们晚上在广场开心地庆祝胜利；考查celebrate“庆祝”，动词；根据语境可知，句子时态应用一般过去时，谓语动词应用过去式celebrated。故填(c)elebrated。49．句意：到了午夜，除了那匹木马，广场空无一人。根据下文“exceptthehorse”和首字母“e”提示可知，此处是指所有人都去睡觉了，广场空了；考查empty“空的”，形容词，在句中作表语。故填(e)mpty。50．句意：他们悄悄地爬了出来，然后打开了主城门。根据句意和首字母“q”提示可知，希腊士兵从木马里出来，为了不被发现，应该是悄悄地；考查quietly“悄悄地”，副词，在句中修饰动词“climbed”，作状语。故填(q)uietly。第二节完成句子（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）根据所给的汉语内容，用英语完成下列句子。（每空限填一词）51．自从电脑发明以来，获取信息变得更容易了。Gettinginformationmucheasiersincethecomputerswereinvented.【答案】hasbecome【详解】对比所给中英文可知，设空处为“变得”；become“变得”，根据“sincethecomputerswereinvented”可知，此处应用现在完成时，空处所在句的主语为“Gettinginformation”，应填hasbecome。故填has；become。52．对我们来说学习如何使用电脑很重要。forushowtousecomputers.【答案】It’simportanttolearn【详解】对比所给中英文可知，此处为固定句式“It’s+adj.+forsb.todosth.”，意为“对某人来说，做某事是……的”；important“重要的”，learn“学习”。故填It’s；important；to；learn。53．除非我们意识到电脑的重要性，否则我们将无法正确地使用它们。weareawareof