江苏省南通市海安市2022-2023学年高三上学期1月期末英语试题

2/2江苏省南通市海安市2022-2023学年高三上学期1月期末英语试题学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________一、阅读理解BewareofPhone/OnlineScamsHaveyoubeenthevictimofaphone/onlinescams?Ifyoueverthinkthatthere’sreallynoreasontoworry,justrememberthefollowingstatistics.—315,000casesbrokenin2015-2017inChina.—Morethanbillionsofmoneyinvolved.—Victimsof19yearsoldtopthelistintermsofage.—Victimsof18-25yearsoldaccountfor52.4%ofthewhole.—……Andhereinbelowwearesharing4typicaltypesofPhone/Onlinescamsandhowtodealwiththem.Type1Hello,thisispolicestation.You’reinvolvedinacaseofmoneylaundering(洗钱)(orsomeotherfinancialcrime).Weneedyourcooperationwiththeinvestigation……Pleasetransferyourmoneyintothenationalsecurityaccount.Tip1:Ifyouarereallyinvolvedinfinancialcrime,policewillvisityourhomeatthefirstopportunityandtakeyouforinvestigation.Policearenotsodumbastoinformyouviatelephone.Andthereisnosuchthingasnationalsecurityaccount.Type2Hey!Wang(hemayknowyourname).Dropbymyofficetomorrowmorning.BTW,IwillbetreatingsomeVIPclientssoon.Ineedyoutotransfersomemoneyintothisaccount.Itwillrefundyourmoneytomorrow.Tip2:Thinkaboutit.Howcouldanybossintheworldaskyouformoney?MeetingVIPclientswithoutacentinhispocket?Andwhydoesn’theaskyoutogivethemoneytohiminperson?Heisnobodybutascam!Type3You’vegotapackagewhichcontainsillegaldrugsorgoods.YouarenowrequestedtocallthisnumbertocontactthePublicSecurityBureau.(Thenitallfollowsscenario.Tip3:PublicSecurityBureauWILLNOTdealwithcasesviaphonecalls.NEITHERWILLtheysendoutnotificationviamessage.Type4(Insomecasesthenumberisdisguisedasauthenticbanknumberthroughsoftware).Wearesorrytoinformyouthatyouhaveabankoverdraft.Pleasecontactthiscustomerservicerepresentative.HisnumberisXXXXXXXXXX.Tip4:DONOTpanic.REMEMBERtodialtheofficialcontactnumberofthebanktodoublecheck.1．What’sthemainpurposeofmentioningthestatisticsatthebeginning?A．Toremindthepublicofthefigures. B．Tohighlighttheaccuracyofthefigures.C．Toshowthegravityofthephenomenon. D．Toprovetheexistenceofthephenomenon.2．WhichtypesofPhone/Onlinescamsrequirepeopletotransfermoneydirectly?A．Type1andType2 B．Type3andType4C．Type1andType3 D．Type2andType43．Wherecanyouprobablyfindthearticle?A．Onasecurityleaflet. B．Onatravelbrochure.C．Inaposterfromabank. D．Inanemailforstudents.【答案】1．C2．A3．A【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章是一则关于电话或网络诈骗的宣传传单，介绍了四种类型的诈骗类型。1．推理判断题。根据第一段“Haveyoubeenthevictimofaphone/onlinescams?Ifyoueverthinkthatthere’sreallynoreasontoworry,justrememberthefollowingstatistics.(你曾经是电话/网络诈骗的受害者吗？如果你认为真的没有理由担心，请记住下面的统计数据)”结合下文的数据，可推知，开头提到统计数据的主要目的是为了显示诈骗现象的严重性。故选C。2．细节理解题。根据Type1部分中“Pleasetransferyourmoneyintothenationalsecurityaccount.(请把钱转到国家安全账户)”以及Type2部分中“Ineedyoutotransfersomemoneyintothisaccount.(我需要你转一些钱到这个账户)”可知，类型1和类型2需要人们直接转账。故选A。3．推理判断题。根据第一段“Haveyoubeenthevictimofaphone/onlinescams?Ifyoueverthinkthatthere’sreallynoreasontoworry,justrememberthefollowingstatistics.(你曾经是电话/网络诈骗的受害者吗？如果你认为真的没有理由担心，请记住下面的统计数据)”结合文章是一则关于电话或网络诈骗的宣传传单，介绍了四种类型的诈骗类型。可推知，在安全传单上可以找到这篇文章。故选A。Intheearly19thcentury,Egyptconnectedtwovastregions:theOttomanEmpire(奥斯曼帝国)andtheAfricancontinent.Forcenturies,theOttomanEmpirehadbeenatthecenterofEurasiantrade.IthadalsobeenamajorcenterofmanufacturingwhichproducedhandmadegoodsforEuropeandAfrica.However,theindustrializationofEuropemeantthatcheapergoodsmadebymachinessoonfloodedintotheOttomanEmpire.TheresultofthiscompetitionwasthatAfricawasincreasinglyseenasaplacethatprovidednewmaterialsforEuropeanfactories,ratherthanonethathadfactoriesofitsown.EgyptwasanAfricancountrythatwastechnicallypartoftheOttomanEmpire.ItwasfirstinvadedbytheFrencharmy.WithBritishhelp,theOttomanforcesdrovetheFrenchoutofEgypt.Followingthis,MuhammadAlisuccessfullybroughtaboutEgyptianindependencefromtheOttomanEmpire.By1831,hewaseffectivelyanindependentrulerofamoremodernEgypt.Egyptwasalreadyasmall-scaleproducerofcotton,whichwassoldtoBritain.Aliencouragedevenmorecottonproductionnationwide.Withthemoneyfromthiscottonproduction,Ali’sgovernmentbegantoaidfactoriessothatthecountrycouldprofitfromitsownindustrialization.Bythelate1840s,itlookedlikeEgyptwouldeventuallybecomeanindustrialpower.Duringthefollowingyears,Egypt’seconomystagnatedandslowlyslidintodecline.Thefactoriesceasedproduction,andbythe1880s,ithadtoseekhelpfromBritainfinancially.ThoughEgyptremainedformallyindependent,itseemedtobemorelikeaBritishcolony.EuropeanskeptinterferinginEgyptpartlybecauseoftheSuezCanal.Egypt’snewleaderswerealreadystressfulbecauseoftheindustrialcollapsethatlefttheircountryunabletorepaythemoneyborrowedfromBritain.Finally,in1875,thekingsoldhisshareintheSuezCanalCompanytotheBritish,givingthemcontrolofthisimportantnationalresource.ThepowerfulBritishtookadvantageofthisinstabilityandseizedthecountry.4．ForAfrica,whatwastheresultoftheindustrializationofEurope?A．ThenewfactoriesbegantospringupinAfrica.B．ThepricesofthegoodsbecamehigherinAfrica.C．Africawasreducedtomaterialsuppliersgradually.D．HandmadegoodsbecamepopularinEuropeandAfrica.5．Whichofthefollowingcanreplacetheunderlinedword“stagnated”inPara5?A．recovered B．bounced C．ruined D．stopped6．Whichistherightorderasfortheeventsinhistory?①FrenchinvadedEgypt.

②TheOttomanEmpireruledEgypt.③BritainseizedEgypt.

④Egyptgainedindependence.A．①③②④ B．①②④③ C．②①③④ D．②①④③7．Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingcanbestdescribethe19th-centuryEgypt?A．TheSuezCanalwasthemaincontributingcauseofalldisputes.B．Egyptenjoyedboomingdevelopmentandunderwentsocialunrest.C．Egyptiansweresobraveasnottoobeytherulersofothercountries.D．Egyptliveduptothestatus—oneoftheGreatAncientCivilizations.【答案】4．C5．D6．D7．B【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要叙述了埃及的社会经济发展历史。4．细节理解题。根据第二段中“TheresultofthiscompetitionwasthatAfricawasincreasinglyseenasaplacethatprovidednewmaterialsforEuropeanfactories,ratherthanonethathadfactoriesofitsown.(这种竞争的结果是，非洲越来越被视为一个为欧洲工厂提供新材料的地方，而不是一个拥有自己工厂的地方)”可知，对非洲来说，欧洲工业化的结果是非洲逐渐沦为物资供应地。故选C。5．词句猜测题。根据画线词后文“andslowlyslidintodecline(缓慢下滑)”以及“Thefactoriesceasedproduction,andbythe1880s,ithadtoseekhelpfromBritainfinancially.(工厂停止生产，到了19世纪80年代，它不得不向英国寻求财政援助)”可知，在接下来的几年里，埃及的经济停滞不前，慢慢陷入衰退，最后不得不向英国寻求财政援助。故画线词意思是“停止”。故选D。6．细节理解题。根据第三段“EgyptwasanAfricancountrythatwastechnicallypartoftheOttomanEmpire.ItwasfirstinvadedbytheFrencharmy.WithBritishhelp,theOttomanforcesdrovetheFrenchoutofEgypt.Followingthis,MuhammadAlisuccessfullybroughtaboutEgyptianindependencefromtheOttomanEmpire.By1831,hewaseffectivelyanindependentrulerofamoremodernEgypt.(埃及是一个非洲国家，严格来说是奥斯曼帝国的一部分。它首先被法国军队入侵。在英国的帮助下，奥斯曼军队将法国人赶出了埃及。在此之后，穆罕默德·阿里成功地使埃及从奥斯曼帝国独立。到1831年，他实际上已经是一个更加现代化的埃及的独立统治者)”,和倒数第一段的“Finally,in1875,thekingsoldhisshareintheSuezCanalCompanytotheBritish,givingthemcontrolofthisimportantnationalresource.ThepowerfulBritishtookadvantageofthisinstabilityandseizedthecountry.(最后，在1875年，国王把他在苏伊士运河公司的股份卖给了英国人，让他们控制了这一重要的国家资源。强大的英国人利用了这种不稳定，占领了这个国家。)”可知，正确顺序是②①④③。故选D。7．推理判断题。根据倒数第三段“Bythelate1840s,itlookedlikeEgyptwouldeventuallybecomeanindustrialpower.(到19世纪40年代末，埃及似乎最终将成为一个工业大国)”以及最后一段“EuropeanskeptinterferinginEgyptpartlybecauseoftheSuezCanal.Egypt’snewleaderswerealreadystressfulbecauseoftheindustrialcollapsethatlefttheircountryunabletorepaythemoneyborrowedfromBritain.Finally,in1875,thekingsoldhisshareintheSuezCanalCompanytotheBritish,givingthemcontrolofthisimportantnationalresource.ThepowerfulBritishtookadvantageofthisinstabilityandseizedthecountry.(欧洲人一直在干涉埃及事务，部分原因是苏伊士运河。埃及的新领导人已经压力重重，因为工业崩溃导致埃及无力偿还从英国借的钱。最后，在1875年，国王把他在苏伊士运河公司的股份卖给了英国人，让他们控制了这一重要的国家资源。强大的英国人利用了这种不稳定，占领了这个国家)”可推知，埃及繁荣发展，社会动荡。故选B。Howareyoufeelingtoday?Oftenwhenweaskpeoplethatquestion,theyreply‘notbad’,or‘couldbeworse’.Butwhatwouldmakeusfeel‘perfect’?Maybewecouldlivebetterbybeinghealthier,lessstressed,moremotivated—buthow?Ofcoursetherearemanywaysofimprovingourmentalhealth,butsometimestherearesmallandsimplesolutionstohelpingimproveourwellbeing.It’ssomethingtheTVprogrammeEasyWaystoLiveWellhasbeenlookingat.Itsuggestedseveral‘healthhacks’whichtheprogramme’spresenterstriedandgavetheir‘sealofapproval’.Andmaybetheycouldhelpustoo.Firstly,todealwithputtingonweightandtocutthecalories,theprogrammefoundsniffing(嗅)peppermint(薄荷)stopsourlongingforasnack.Presenter,chefandwriterHughFearnley-Whittingstallsays“ascientifictheorycalled‘mutualcompetition’showsthatastrongsmellcandistractourbrainfromthefoodwe’rethinkingabout.”Ifyouraddictiontoyoursmartphoneisgettingyoudown,it’ssuggestedthatturningyourphonescreengreyhelpsyoureducescreentimebecauseablackandwhitescreenbecomeslessattractivetolookat.Withrecentstudiesshowingourphonescanmakeus26%lessproductiveandincreaseourstress,itseemslikeano-brainertotrythis‘dim’idea.Fancyaswiminice-coldwater?Well,theTVprogrammefoundadailydipinfreezingwatergetsyouusedtothestressofdoingitandthereforepreparesyouforotherlifestresses.Andanotherwayto‘chillout’istoleaveyoursmartphoneathome,immerseyourselfinaforest,andbreatheinthefreshair.Forestbathingistheperfecttonicforthestressesofurbanlife.Otherlife-improvingideasincludedthingssuchassingingtoreducepainandwalkingaroundmoretogetawayfromoursedentary(久坐不动)lives.Butwhateverwaywechoosetoadopt,itseemsanychangetoourlifestylecanhelpimproveourbodyandmind.8．What’sthefunctionofaseriesofquestionsinthefirstparagraph?A．Toprovidemorebackgroundinformation. B．Toprovokethinkingandbringoutthetopic.C．Toexpectreaderscangivespecificanswers. D．Toattractreaderstofocusonphysicalhealth.9．What’stheauthor’sattitudetowardstheTVprogrammeEasyWaystoLiveWell?A．Favorable. B．Unclear. C．Negative. D．Critical.10．Whichofthefollowingcanbeinferredfromthepassage?A．Thestrongsmellofpeppermintisboundtocutthecalories.B．Toremovelifestresses,youmusthaveaswiminfreezingwater.C．Makingthephonescreencolorfulmakesusmorefocusedandefficient.D．Anice-waterswimandforestbathinghavethesimilareffectonstresses.11．What’sthepurposeofthepassage?A．Totellreadershowtobeperfect. B．TointroduceapopularTVprogramme.C．Tooffersomewaystobelterwell-being. D．Togetridofsomebadhabitsindailylife.【答案】8．B9．A10．D11．C【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一些可以提高幸福感的方法。8．推理判断题。根据第一段“Howareyoufeelingtoday?Oftenwhenweaskpeoplethatquestion,theyreply‘notbad’,or‘couldbeworse’.Butwhatwouldmakeusfeel‘perfect’?Maybewecouldlivebetterbybeinghealthier,lessstressed,moremotivated—buthow?(你今天感觉怎么样？通常当我们问别人这个问题时，他们的回答是“还行”，或者“可能更糟”。但是什么会让我们感觉“完美”呢？也许我们可以通过更健康、更少压力、更有动力来生活得更好——但怎么做呢？)”可推知，第一段一连串问题的作用是激发思考，引出话题。故选B。9．推理判断题。根据第二段“Ofcoursetherearemanywaysofimprovingourmentalhealth,butsometimestherearesmallandsimplesolutionstohelpingimproveourwellbeing.It’ssomethingtheTVprogrammeEasyWaystoLiveWellhasbeenlookingat.Itsuggestedseveral‘healthhacks’whichtheprogramme’spresenterstriedandgavetheir‘sealofapproval’.Andmaybetheycouldhelpustoo.(当然，有很多方法可以改善我们的心理健康，但有时也有一些小而简单的解决方案来帮助改善我们的幸福。这是电视节目《轻松生活之道》一直在研究的问题。它提出了几个“健康小妙招”，该节目的主持人尝试了一下，并得到了他们的“认可”。也许他们也能帮到我们)”可推知，作者认为电视节目《轻松生活之道》的健康小妙招可以帮助我们改善心理健康，因此推断作者持支持态度。故选A。10．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Fancyaswiminice-coldwater?Well,theTVprogrammefoundadailydipinfreezingwatergetsyouusedtothestressofdoingitandthereforepreparesyouforotherlifestresses.Andanotherwayto‘chillout’istoleaveyoursmartphoneathome,immerseyourselfinaforest,andbreatheinthefreshair.Forestbathingistheperfecttonicforthestressesofurbanlife.(想在冰冷的水中游泳吗？这个电视节目发现，每天泡在冰冷的水中会让你习惯这样做的压力，从而为你应对其他生活压力做好准备。另一种“放松”的方法是把智能手机留在家里，让自己沉浸在森林里，呼吸新鲜空气。森林浴是缓解城市生活压力的最佳良药)”可推知，冰水游泳和森林浴都能够缓解压力，对解决压力问题有相似的效果。故选D。11．推理判断题。根据第一段“Howareyoufeelingtoday?Oftenwhenweaskpeoplethatquestion,theyreply‘notbad’,or‘couldbeworse’.Butwhatwouldmakeusfeel‘perfect’?Maybewecouldlivebetterbybeinghealthier,lessstressed,moremotivated—buthow?(你今天感觉怎么样？通常当我们问别人这个问题时，他们的回答是“还行”，或者“可能更糟”。但是什么会让我们感觉“完美”呢？也许我们可以通过更健康、更少压力、更有动力来生活得更好——但怎么做呢？)”以及第二段“Ofcoursetherearemanywaysofimprovingourmentalhealth,butsometimestherearesmallandsimplesolutionstohelpingimproveourwellbeing.(当然，有很多方法可以改善我们的心理健康，但有时也有一些小而简单的解决方案来帮助改善我们的幸福)”可推知，这篇文章的目的是提供一些提高幸福感的方法。故选C。Thereisincreasingalarmabouttheextentofmicroplasticpollution,whichhasbeenfoundeverywherefromEveresttotheArctic.However,itturnsoutthere’sanevensmallerandmoretoxicformofplasticpollutionenteringremotereachesoftheglobe.AnewstudypublishedinEnvironmentalResearchfoundsignificantquantitiesofnanoplasticsinicesamplesfromboththeNorthandSouthPoles.“NowweknowthatnanoplasticsaretransportedtothesecornersoftheEarthinthesequantities.Thisindicatesthatnanoplasticsarereallyabiggerpollutionproblemthanwethought,”studyleadauthorDusanMatericsaidinapressrelease.Nanoplasticsareplasticsthataresmallerthanamicrometerinsize.Theirsmallsizemeanstheyaremoredifficulttostudythanmicroplastics,orplasticsbetweenfivemillimetersandamicrometer.Buttheymaybeevenmoredangerous.“Nanoplasticsareverytoxicologically(毒理学地)activecomparedto,forinstance,microplastics,andthat’swhythisisveryimportant,”Matericsaid.MatericandhisteamusednewmethodstomeasurenanoplasticpollutioninicesamplesfromGreenlandandAntarctica.Theysampleda14-meter-deepicecorefromtheGreenlandicecapandseaicefromAntarctica’sMcMurdoSound.Theyfoundthattherewereanaverageof13.2nanogramspermilliliterofnanoplasticsintheGreenlandiceandanaverageof52.3nanogramspermilliliterintheAntarcticice.Butwhatwasevenmoresurprisingthantheamountofnanoplasticsintheremoteicewasjusthowlongtheyhadsatthere.“IntheGreenlandcore,weseenanoplasticpollutionhappeningallthewayfromthe1960s.Soorganismsinthatregion,despitethelackofthesolidevidence,likelyallovertheworld,havebeenexposedtoitforquitesometimenow,”Matericsaid.Thestudyalsolookedatthetypesofplasticpresentinthesamples.HalfoftheGreenlandnanoplasticswerepolyethylene(PE),thekindofplasticusedforplasticbagsandpackaging.Aquartercamefromtiresandafifthwerepolyethyleneterephthalate(PET),whichisusedforclothingandbottles.12．Whyshouldresearchersfocusmoreonnanoplastics?A．Theyaremoreimportanttoscience. B．Theyaresmallerbutmoredangerous.C．Theyareeasilypollutedbyoceanwater. D．Theyaremoreactiveincoldsurroundings.13．Whatcanwelearnaboutnanoplastics?A．TheNorthandSouthpolesarethebirthplaceofnanoplastics.B．Kanoplasticshavelessinfluenceontheplanetthanmicroplastics.C．Nanoplasticsfoundinthesamplesarewidelyusedinthedailylife.D．Nanoplasticshavebeenexistingsincethe1960sthroughouttheworld.14．Whatdoestheunderlinedword‘thatregion’refertoinPara6?A．Greenlandicecap. B．Antarctica’sMcMurdo.C．Thesouthandnorthpoles. D．Allplacesintheworld.15．Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A．Mircoplastics—provingmoredangerous. B．Nanoplastics—makingitswaytothepoles.C．Nanoplastics—posingathreattopeople’slife. D．Mircoplastics—settingthealarmbellsringing.【答案】12．B13．C14．A15．B【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了发表在《环境研究》杂志上的一项新研究发现，北极和南极的冰样本中都含有大量的纳米塑料。文章还介绍了什么是纳米塑料以及这项研究的开展过程。12．细节理解题。根据第三段“Nanoplasticsareplasticsthataresmallerthanamicrometerinsize.Theirsmallsizemeanstheyaremoredifficulttostudythanmicroplastics,orplasticsbetweenfivemillimetersandamicrometer.Buttheymaybeevenmoredangerous.(纳米塑料是尺寸小于1微米的塑料。它们的小尺寸意味着它们比微塑料（5毫米到1微米之间的塑料）更难研究。但它们可能更加危险)”可知，研究人员应该更多地关注纳米塑料因为它们更小，但更危险。故选B。13．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Thestudyalsolookedatthetypesofplasticpresentinthesamples.HalfoftheGreenlandnanoplasticswerepolyethylene(PE),thekindofplasticusedforplasticbagsandpackaging.Aquartercamefromtiresandafifthwerepolyethyleneterephthalate(PET),whichisusedforclothingandbottles.(该研究还研究了样本中存在的塑料类型。格陵兰岛一半的纳米塑料是聚乙烯(PE)，一种用于塑料袋和包装的塑料。四分之一来自轮胎，五分之一是用于服装和瓶子的聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET))”可知，样品中发现的纳米塑料在日常生活中被广泛使用。故选C。14．词句猜测题。根据画线词上文“IntheGreenlandcore,weseenanoplasticpollutionhappeningallthewayfromthe1960s.(在格陵兰岛核心，我们看到纳米塑料污染从20世纪60年代开始一直在发生)”以及画线词后文“despitethelackofthesolidevidence,likelyallovertheworld,havebeenexposedtoitforquitesometimenow(尽管缺乏确凿的证据，但可能全世界都已经接触到它很长一段时间了)”可知，在格陵兰岛核心，我们看到纳米塑料污染从20世纪60年代开始一直在发生。因此，尽管缺乏确凿的证据，但格陵兰冰盖的生物，可能世界各地的生物，已经暴露在这种环境中很长一段时间了。故画线词指的是“格陵兰冰盖”。故选A。15．主旨大意题。根据第一段中“AnewstudypublishedinEnvironmentalResearchfoundsignificantquantitiesofnanoplasticsinicesamplesfromboththeNorthandSouthPoles.(发表在《环境研究》杂志上的一项新研究发现，北极和南极的冰样本中都含有大量的纳米塑料)”并结合文章可知，文章通过讲述一项研究，主要讲述北极和南极的冰样本中都含有大量的纳米塑料，纳米塑料污染已经非常严重。B选项“纳米塑料正在走向两极”最符合文章标题。故选B。二、七选五Pictureyourselfsittingathomeinaquietreadingcorner,ignoringtheworldaroundyou,lostinatale.Youreadthebriefintroductiontoabook,instantlybecomegluedandnowyou’reinthemiddleofanabsoluteturner.But,there’sahotdebate—physicalbooksVS.e-booksVS.audiobooks.16Generally,readingusesseveralareasofthebrain.There’sattentionspan,reasoning,readingfluency,memoryandlanguagecomprehension.Readingisknowntostrengthencommunicativeability,vocabularyandincreaseemotionalintelligenceandsocialperception.17But,let’slookattheprostoreadingwithyoureyes—physicalbooksande-books.Theycanhelptoretaininformationbetter.

18Besides,withphysicalbooksande-booksyoucangobackandfindanypartyoumissed,especiallyifyourmindwandersatsomepointorother.Ontheotherhand,there’stheaudiobook.Headphonesin,you’reswitchedofffromlifeandthestoryreallycomesalive,almostlikewatchingafilm—inyourhead.Fromascientificperspective,listeningtoanaudiobookislikelytohelpyoudevelopagreatersenseofempathyasyouheartheemotionofthenarrator.19Hearingthestoryengagesdifferentpartsofthebrain,heighteningtheintensityandimagery,makingyouenjoyitmore.20Perhaps,nexttimeyoufindyourselfbrowsingbookshopshelves,alsoconsidertheformat.Itmayjustchangeyourwholeliteraryexperience.A．Youcanmoreeasilyunderstandinflection(转调)andtone.B．So,whicheverwayyou’rereading,therearebenefitsdefinitely.C．Doesthedeviceyou’reusingtoreadaffectyourreactiontothebook?D．Allinall,itseemsthatthereareadvantagestothethreetypesmentionedabove.E．Likee-books,physicalbooksseememotionlessbutmakeyoufreeofdistraction.F．Insum,thereisnolimit,whichisdecidedbyhowmuchapersonreadstherestoflife.G．Thisisbecausewhenyoucanactuallyseethewords,yourattentionisheldmoreclosely.【答案】16．C17．B18．G19．A20．D【导语】本文是一篇说明文，文章阐述了实体书、电子书、和有声书三种不同阅读方式的益处。16．上文“But,there’sahotdebate—physicalbooksVS.e-booksVS.audiobooks.(但是，有一场激烈的辩论——实体书VS电子书VS有声书。)”说明在关于实体书、电子书和有声书之间人们有不同的观点；C选项“Doesthedeviceyou’reusingtoreadaffectyourreactiontothebook?(你用来阅读的设备会影响你对这本书的反应吗？)”就上文所提到的“there’sahotdebate”提出了相关的问题，下文作者就三种读书方式对阅读者的影响分别进行了详细的阐述，回答了C选项的问题；选项中的“thedeviceyou’reusingtoread”指代上文中的“physicalbooksVS.e-booksVS.audiobooks”，由此可知，C选项符合语境。故选C。17．上文“Readingisknowntostrengthencommunicativeability,vocabularyandincreaseemotionalintelligenceandsocialperception.(众所周知，阅读可以增强交际能力、词汇量，提高情商和社会感知力。)”阐述了阅读的好处；结合本段第一句“Generally,readingusesseveralareasofthebrain.(一般来说，阅读会用到大脑的几个区域。)”可知阅读会锻炼到大脑的各个区域，由此可知，B选项“So,whicheverwayyou’rereading,therearebenefitsdefinitely.(所以，无论你以哪种方式阅读，都肯定有好处。)”承接上文，对本段所阐述的内容进行总结，说明不论哪种阅读方式都是有益的，回答了第一段所提出的问题，符合语境；选项中的“whicheverwayyou’rereading”指代第一段中的“physicalbooksVS.e-booksVS.audiobooks”，“benefits”指代上文中的“strengthencommunicativeability,vocabularyandincreaseemotionalintelligenceandsocialperception”。故选B。18．上文“Theycanhelptoretaininformationbetter.(它们可以帮助更好地保留信息。)”阐述了阅读实体书和电子书的好处；G选项“Thisisbecausewhenyoucanactuallyseethewords,yourattentionisheldmoreclosely.(这是因为当你能真正看到这些文字时，你的注意力就会被牢牢抓住。)”承接上文，解释为什么实体书和电子书能够更好地保留信息，选项中的“This”指代上文的“Theycanhelptoretaininformationbetter.”，选项中的“see”与本段第一句中的“readingwithyoureyes”表述内容一致；下文“Besides,withphysicalbooksande-booksyoucangobackandfindanypartyoumissed,especiallyifyourmindwandersatsomepointorother.(此外，对于实体书，你可以回过头来寻找你错过的任何部分，尤其是当你的思绪时不时发生游离时。)”进一步阐述了实体书和电子书有助于更好地保留信息的原因。由此可知，G选项符合语境，故选G。19．上文“Fromascientificperspective,listeningtoanaudiobookislikelytohelpyoudevelopagreatersenseofempathyasyouheartheemotionofthenarrator.(从科学的角度来看，听有声书可能会帮助你发展出更大的同理心，因为你听到了叙述者的情感。)”阐述了听有声读物的好处；A选项“Youcanmoreeasilyunderstandinflection(转调)andtone.”承接上文，阐述听有声书可以产生同理心的原因，选项中的“inflection(转调)andtone”指代上文中听书者可以感知“theemotionofthenarrator”和“developagreatersenseofempathy”的途径。故选A。20．根据第一段中的“But,there’sahotdebate—physicalbooksVS.e-booksVS.audiobooks.(但是，在实体书、电子书和有声书之间有一个激烈的争论。)”以及下文对三种阅读方式的对比，可知文章主要阐述了三种阅读方式各自的好处；D选项“Allinall,itseemsthatthereareadvantagestothethreetypesmentionedabove.(总而言之，上面提到的三种类型似乎都有优点。)”作者就上文观点进行了总结，回答了第一段所提出的问题，“advantages”指代上文所阐述的益处，选项中的“thethreetypes”呼应第一段中的“physicalbooksVS.e-booksVS.audiobooks.”；下文“Perhaps,nexttimeyoufindyourselfbrowsingbookshopshelves,alsoconsidertheformat.Itmayjustchangeyourwholeliteraryexperience.(也许，下次你发现自己在浏览书店的书架时，也要考虑一下格式。它可能会改变你的整个文字体验。)”承接上文，建议下次可以改变一下阅读方式，因为不同的阅读方式带来不同的阅读体验。故选D。三、完形填空KenHalewasbornin1934andgrewupintheruggedAmericanSouthwest.Asaboy,hekepthisears21forasmanyforeignlanguagesashecould.He22Spanish,Navajo,TohonoO’odham,Hopiandmorefromhisfriendsandroommatesatboardingschool.Hisobsessionwithlearninglanguagesonceastonishedallacquaintancesaroundhim.Evenhegotintroubleatschoolfor23moreonlanguagesthanhomework.Lateron,hegainedfameand24forpublishingatrulysurprisingamountofresearchonmanyAustralianaboriginallanguages.Oncetherehappenedanimpressivething—hewasso25byone,Warlpiri,thatheraisedhistwosonsspeakingit.Kenwasalwaysextremely26totheneedsandwantsofthelocallanguagecommunities.Heestablishedschoolsoflinguisticsandlanguagerevitalizationprogramsacrosstheworldsothatnativespeakerscould

27theirlanguages.Allhislife,evenduringhisteachingasaprofessorofMassachusettsInstituteofTechnology(MIT),hehada(n)28abilitytolearnlanguagesquicklyand

29.YoumightwanttotakesomelessonsawayfromKen’smethods.Kenstartedouthisway:30adevotednativespeakertutorwhocan31youonpronunciationfirstandreviewwhatevernotesyou’retaking;learnthe32systemfirst,becauseyou’llwanttoheareverydetailofwhatyourtutorsays—plus,thatway,youcantakemoreaccuratenotes.Thenhe’d33quicklyontosentencepatterns.Ifyoulearnhowtosay“Iamwalkingtotheriver”,it’sprobablynotfarofffrom“Iamrunningtotheriver”or“Iamwalkingtotheforest”.Besides,ittakesalotofpatienceto34yourguesseswithatutor,andactuallypatiencewasa35ofKen.Tohim,speakingtosomebodyintheirownlanguagewasamarkofrespect.Ifonlywecouldallbesorespectful!21．A．cautious B．open C．conscious D．shallow22．A．pickedup B．pickedout C．gaveup D．gaveout23．A．agreeing B．trying C．resting D．focusing24．A．money B．time C．respect D．chance25．A．confident B．fascinated C．gifted D．positive26．A．blind B．keen C．accustomed D．sensitive27．A．speak B．exchange C．revive D．lecture28．A．original B．amazing C．primitive D．elegant29．A．permanently B．definitely C．roughly D．accurately30．A．Seekout B．Watchout C．Hearfrom D．Followup31．A．coach B．urge C．consult D．refresh32．A．education B．writing C．sound D．reading33．A．talk B．move C．walk D．step34．A．challenge B．fulfill C．communicate D．check35．A．virtue B．core C．guarantee D．calling【答案】21．B22．A23．D24．C25．B26．D27．C28．B29．D30．A31．A32．C33．B34．D35．A【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。Ken凭借惊人的语言学习能力学会了多种语言；他在世界各地建立了语言学学校和语言振兴项目，以便母语使用者可以复兴他们的语言；他还向人们传授学习语言的方法。21．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当他还是个孩子的时候，他就尽可能多地倾听外语。A.cautious谨慎的；B.open打开的；C.conscious有意识的；D.shallow浅的。根据空格前的kepthisears和空格后的languages可知，此处是考查固定短语keepone’sopen（留心听）。故选B项。22．考查动词短语辨析。句意：他从寄宿学校的朋友和室友那里学会了西班牙语、纳瓦霍语、TohonoO'odham、霍皮语等。A.pickedup学会；B.pickedout挑选出；C.gaveup放弃；D.gaveout发出。根据上一句“Asaboy,hekepthisears1forasmanyforeignlanguagesashecould.”和空格后的这些语言可知，此处是说他并学会了这些语言。故选A项。23．考查动词词义辨析。句意：就连他在学校也遇到了麻烦也是因为他更关注语言而不是家庭作业。A.agreeing同意；B.trying尝试；C.resting休息；D.focusing关注。根据句中的“gotintrouble”和介词on可知，此处应该用focus表示“他更关注语言而不是家庭作业而遇到麻烦”。故选D项。24．考查名词词义辨析。句意：后来，他发表了大量关于许多澳大利亚土著语言的研究，从而获得了声誉和尊重。A.money金钱；B.time时间；C.respect尊重；D.chance机会。根据空格后的“forpublishingatrulysurprisingamountofresearchonmanyAustralianaboriginallanguages”和空格前的fame可知，他发表大量关于许多澳大利亚土著语言的研究，能获得的肯定是声誉和尊重，fame和respect是对应的。故选C项。25．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：有一次，发生了一件令人印象深刻的事情——他对一种叫Warlpiri的语言非常着迷，以至于他的两个儿子都说这种语言。A.confident自信的；B.fascinated着迷的；C.gifted有天赋的；D.positive积极的。根据下文的“heraisedhistwosonsspeakingit”可知，他对这种语言一定非常着迷，才会让他的两个儿子都说这种语言。故选B项。26．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：Ken总是对当地语言社区的需求非常敏感。A.blind视而不见的；B.keen敏锐的；C.accustomed习惯的；D.sensitive敏感的。根据下一句“Heestablishedschoolsoflinguisticsandlanguagerevitalizationprogramsacrosstheworldsothatnativespeakerscould7theirlanguages.”可知，他在世界各地建立了语言学学校和语言振兴项目，说明他对当地社区的需求很敏感。故选D项。27．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他在世界各地建立了语言学学校和语言振兴项目，以便母语使用者可以复兴他们的语言。A.s