英语试卷答案福建省厦门市双十中学2026届高三上学期第一次月考(10.10左右)

厦门双十中学届高三上第一次月考英语试卷考试时间：分钟试卷满分：分)第一部分听力共两节，每题分，满分分)第一节共5小题；每小题分，满分分)听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1.Whatdidthemandoovertheweekend?A.Hesawamovie.B.Heplayedamatch.C.Hewenttothehospital.2.Whatdayisittoday?A.Monday.B.C.3.Whatishappeningnearthepark?A.Peoplearegivingawaytheirbooks.B.Thepolicearesearchingforathief.C.Thereisanewrestaurantopeningup.4.Whatisthemostunbearablethingforthewoman?A.Mosquitobites.B.Horriblesnakes.C.Hightemperatures.5.Whatdoesthemanmean?A.Leavethecatalone.B.Chooseanothertime.C.Considerothervehicles.第二节共小题；每小题1分，满分分)听第6段材料，回答第题。6.Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Acouple.B.Neighbors.C.Colleagues.7.WhendidMr.Thompsonarrivehometoday?A.At6:30p.m.B.At6:15p.m.C.At5:45p.m.听第7段材料，回答第小题。8.Whatdidthewomanwanttodowhenshewasachild?A.Createnewmusicalpieces.B.Becomeasinger.C.Playthepiano.9.Whatisprobablytheman?A.Aneducator.B.Amusician.C.Anastronaut.听第8段材料，回答第小题。10.Whatdidthewomandobeforelunchtime?A.Shetidiedaplaceup.B.Sheboughtsomefruit.C.Shesangasongtotheelderly.Whatdoesthemandecidetodo?A.Playbasketball.B.Gotohospital.C.Jointhewoman.12.Whatdothespeakersmnlytalkabout?A.Respectfortheold.B.Theholidayplan.C.Houseworkchores.听第9段材料，回答第小题。13.WhoisLee?第1页/共24页A.Amoviecharacter.B.ATVactor.C.Ajournalist.14.WhatdoweknowaboutLee?A.HegrewupinChina.B.Heishumorousandwise.C.Hedreamsofbecomingahero.15.Whatsuggestiondoesthemangivetokids?A.Learningfromobstacles.B.Keepingpositiveallthetime.C.Beingbravetoseeksupport.16.Whatisthewomandoing?A.Chringameeting.B.ConductinganC.Explningfilmplots.听第段材料，回答第小题。17.Whydoesthespeakergivethetalk?A.introducesomenewauthors.B.sharebookreviews.C.promotesomenewbooks.18.Whichbookissuitableforpeoplewhoareinterestedintime-travelingadventures?A.ThisAgn?B.DaughtersoftheLamp.C.ThePartitionProject.19.WhatcanwelearnaboutSahara?A.ShelostanecklaceinCro.B.ShemovedfromIndiatoPakistan.C.Sheisfascinatedbyadventurestories.20.Whoattachesgreatimportancetofamilyinthebook?A.AdamBorba.B.NeddaLewers.C.SaadiaFaruqi.第二部分阅读理解共2节，满分分)第一节共小题，每题分，满分分)AInmajorcitiesacrossEuropeandtheUS,sharedbikesandcarsseemtobeeverywhere.fordisabled,elderly,low-incomeindividuals,orthosewithoutasmartphoneorcreditcard,theseservicesarepracticallyoutofreach.Suchservicestendtogatherinwealthyurbanareas,leavinguserslargelyyoung,wealthy,andable-bodied.第2页/共24页Sharedmobilitycouldbeakeypartofamoresustnabletransportationsystem.Buttobemosteffective,itneedstoincludeeveryone.For-profitsharedmobilityprovidershavelargelyfledtodeliveronthis,butvariousinitiativesandprojectsarefindingcreativesolutionstoreachunder-servedcommunities.●:Organizestrning,groupridesandeducationaleventstofamiliarizepeoplewithcyclingcultureandsafety,with71%ofmembersbeingfirst-timeriders.●:Prioritizeseml-andphone-basedbookingsoverappstoextendreachtoawidershareofthepopulationlackingdigitalliteracy,helpingthemaccesstheservicemoreeasily.●Providesfarereductionsforlow-incomegroups,withcashpaymentoptionsandnon-smartphoneaccessaskeymeasurestobroadenadoption,whichhasshownpromiseinincreasingtheuseofsharedbikeswhiledecreasingtheuseofpersonalvehicles.●:Addwheelchr-accessiblevehicles,childseats,andstation-basedbookingtosuitdiverseusers’trip-chningneeds,suchasmid-routepickupsandmulti-destinationtrips.Thefutureofsharedmobilityreliesonmakinginclusivedesignatoppriority.AsEsenKöse,projectmanageratMpact,putsit,“It’saboutstartingwithpeople’sneeds.”1.WhatisthepercentagegapbetweenlowerandhigherincomeusersinBarrier1?A.3%.B.16%.C.26%.D.71%.2.WhichsolutiontargetsBarrier2?A.Buffalo’sE-BikeLibrary.B.Graz’scar-shareinitiatives.C.U.S.bike-sharingpolicy.D.Mobitwin’scar-shareservice.3.WhatwillshapethefutureofsharedmobilityaccordingtoEsenKöse?A.priority.B.Charity-runinitiatives.C.Profit-drivenproviders.D.User-centeredaccessibility.【答案】1.B2.C3.D【解析】【导语】这是一篇应用文，文章主要讲述共享单车存在的问题以及解决方法。【1题详解】细节理解题。根据图表Barrier1Higherincome的比例是26%Lowerincome的比例是42%，差距是16%，故选B。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据图表信息可知，Barrier2“Highcostofthesystem(系统成本高)”是关于共享系统的高成第3页/共24页本，再结合“Providesfarereductionsforlow-incomegroups,withcashpaymentoptionsandnon-smartphoneaccessaskeymeasurestobroadenadoption,whichhasshownpromiseinincreasingtheuseofsharedbikeswhiledecreasingtheuseofpersonalvehicles.(美国共享单车政策：为低收入群体提供车费减免，以现金支付方式和非智能手机接入作为扩大采用的关键措施，这在增加共享单车的使用同时减少个人车辆的使用方面显示出了希望。)”可知，美国共享单车政策旨在降低共享单车的成本，故选C。【3题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段“Thefutureofsharedmobilityreliesonmakinginclusivedesignatoppriority.AsEsenKöse,projectmanageratMpact,putsit,‘It’saboutstartingwithpeople’sneeds.’(共享出行的未来取决于将包容性设计作为重中之重。正如Mpact的项目经理EsenKöse)”可知，EsenKöse认为共享出行的未来将由以用户为中心的可使用性来塑造，故选D。BOnarecentweekday,IsentanInstagrammessagetoafriendofmine,anartadviserinNewnamedStephentochataboutanexhibition.Insteadofmessagingmebackintheapp,hetextedmetosaythathe’dblockedInstagramonhissmartphoneduringdaytimeworkinghours.Impressed,Iaskedhimhowhewasaccomplishingsuchachallenge.sdhewasusingOpal,anappthatmakesyoursmartphonealittlemorelikeaso-calleddumbphone(功能机).Hesdthatseveralofhisfriendssworebytheapp,andsohehadbegunusingit,too.Itookthiswordofmouthasevidencethatitmightactuallywork.Idownloadeditwithoutanyparticularoptimism,consideringmyphoneaddictionanincurablecase.Opal,Ifound,providessomethinglikegentleparentingforyoursmartphonehabits:yousetupadlyscheduleofwhichappstoblock,andthentheappguidesyouintostickingwithit.Astheappsuggested,Isetuparecurringblockfrom9a.m.to5p.m.andselectedeverysocialappIeveruse.Atthescheduledtime,thoseappsgograyonmyhomescreenandremnthatwayallday.EverytimeI’mupsetthatIcan’tlookatInstagramonmyphone,Ijustthink,surelyI,ahumanadult,canwtafewmorehourstoseemyfriends’dogphotos—5p.m.isn’tthatfaraway.Crucially,Opalalsoallowsuserstosuspendtheblockforshortperiodsoftimewithoutfeelinglikeflures;whenthescheduledbreaktimepasses,theblockageautomaticallycontinues.Ifindcomfortinthefactthatmymindfeelsclearerafterafullworkdaywithoutcheckingsocialmedia,andanaddedbonusisthatoncetheblockendsIcanmnlineallthegoodpoststhatImissed.Astoldme,“Thefloodofcontentthathappensafterdinneriswild.”Theaddictionisnotcured,perhaps,butatleastit’sfinallymanaged.第4页/共24页4.HowdidtheauthorfeelwhendownloadingOpal?A.Impressed.B.Hopeful.C.Doubtful.D.Disappointed.5.WhatdoesOpaldoaccordingtothepassage?A.Blockanyincomingtexts.B.PreventusersfromusingInstagram.C.smartphonesintodumbphones.D.Limitaccesstocertnappsingiventime.6.WhydoesOpalallowtemporaryliftoftheblockage?A.extendblockduration.B.guilt-freeflexibility.C.improveappperformance.D.suspendallphonefunctions.7Whatcanwelearnfromthetext?ASurfingthewebmakesthemindclearer.B.Practisingself-controldeepensenjoyment.C.It’sbesttosurfthelatestnewsaftersupper.D.Itisimpossibletoeasephoneaddiction.【答案】4.C5.D6.B7.B【解析】【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章叙述了作者尝试使用一款名为Opal的应用来限制自己在工作时段使用社交软件，并分享了使用后的体验和感受。【4题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段“Idownloadeditwithoutanyparticularoptimism,consideringmyphoneaddictionanincurablecase.（我下载它时并不抱任何特别的乐观，认为我的手机瘾是无可救药的）”可知，作者在下载应用时对自己的手机成瘾问题持悲观态度，对应用的效果是怀疑的。故选C项。【5题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段“Opal,Ifound,providessomethinglikegentleparentingforyoursmartphonehabits:yousetupadlyscheduleofwhichappstoblock,andthentheappguidesyouintostickingwith.我发现，Opal为你的智能手机使用习惯提供了一种类似温和管教的方式：你可以设置一个每日计划，决定屏蔽哪些应用，随后这款应用会引导你坚持下去)”以及“Astheappsuggested,Isetuparecurringblockfrom9a.m.to5p.m.andselectedeverysocialappIeveruse.（根据应用的建议，我设置了一个从上午9点到下午5Opal的核心功能是在用户设定的时间段内限制对特定应用的访问。故选D项。【6题详解】Crucially,Opalalsoallowsuserstosuspendtheblockforshortperiodsoftimewithout第5页/共24页feelinglikeflures;whenthescheduledbreaktimepasses,theblockageautomaticallycontinues.Opal还允许用户短暂解除屏蔽，而不会让他们觉得失败；当预定的休息时间过去后，屏蔽会自动继续)”可知，这一设计的目的是在严格的管理中提供一种灵活的、不让用户产生挫败感的弹性空间。故选B项。【7题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段“Ifindcomfortinthefactthatmymindfeelsclearerafterafullworkdaywithoutcheckingsocialmedia,andanaddedbonusisthatoncetheblockendsIcanmnlineallthegoodpoststhatImissed.Astoldme,“Thefloodofcontentthathappensafterdinneriswild.”Theaddictionisnotcured,perhaps,butatleastit’sfinallymanaged.（令我感到欣慰的是，在整整一天不刷社交媒体之后，我的头脑变得格外清醒。而额外的惊喜是，当屏蔽一结束，我就能一口气看完所有错过的精彩内容。正如特鲁克斯告作者通过亲身经历说明，在工作时段通过Opal应用进行自我控制，不查看社交媒体，带来了头脑更清晰的舒适感，并且在屏蔽结束后集中浏览所有我错过的好帖子获得了加倍的快乐，即自律能带来更深层的愉悦。故选B项。CAsdustfromtheSaharablowsthousandsofkilometersacrosstheAtlanticOcean,itbecomesprogressivelymorenutritiousformarinemicrobes(海洋微生物),anewstudysuggests.“DustcloudssettlingontheAtlanticcangeneratephytoplankton(浮游植物)bloomsthatsupportmarineecosystems,”sdascientistattheUniversityofCalifornia,Riverside.“Ironinthedustisincrediblyimportantforlife,”hesd.Phytoplanktonrequireittochangecarbondioxideintosugars.Over240millionmetrictonsofSaharandustblowsovertheAtlanticOceaneachyear.knowwhetherthetypesofdustsettlingontheAtlantichadchangedoverthepast120,000years,andthemarinegeologistJeremyOwens,analyzeddust-derived(灰尘衍生的)mineralsinfourcorescollectedfromthemuddyseafloor—twointheeasternAtlanticnearAfrica,andtwofromfartherwestnearNorthAmerica.Industworldwide,approximately40%ofironisordinarilypresentwithin“reactive”mineralslikepyrite.Thiskindofironcanbreakdownwithweakacidsandpotentiallybeusedbylife.InthecoresamplesfromthebottomoftheAtlantic,onlyabout9%ofironinthedustmineralssampledfromfartherwestconsistedofreactiveironminerals,comparedwithabout18%industmineralstakenfromclosertoAfrica.“There’rephotochemicaltransformationsthattendtomaketheironmoresoluble(可溶解的)inwater,”sdHeandOwensconcludedthatduringthedust’sseveral-daytrans-Atlanticflight,moreandmoreofitsreactiveironwaschanged—attackedbyacidsandradiation.Asthatimprovedironlatersettledintotheocean,it第6页/共24页waseatendirectlybyphytoplankton.Theonlyreactiveironthatmadeittotheseafloorwasthethatwasn’tchangedduringrtransport,andwasn’ttakeninlater.“Thenewresultsareplausiblebecausepreviousstudieshaveshownthatironmineralsreactintheatmosphere,”sdNatalieMahowald,anatmosphericscientistwhostudiesdustatCornellUniversity.“TheirconclusiongoesalongwithwhatIthoughtwashappening,”shesd.8.Whyisironimportantformarineecosystems?A.Ithelpsdustcloudssettle.B.Itgeneratesphytoplankton.C.ItchangesCO₂intosugars.D.Itboostsphytoplanktongrowth.9.Whatcanbeconcludedfromthefindingsoftheresearch?A.acidsseldomchangereactiveironminerals.B.Thedustmineralsfromfartherwestarerichiniron.C.Thefewermineralsthereare,themoresensitiveweakacidsare.D.Thefartherthedesertdustflies,thelessthereactiveironisleft.10.Whatdoesparagraph5mnlytalkabout?A.Howphytoplanktonmakesittotheseafloor.B.Howreactiveironcooperateswithradiation.C.Howironindustbecomeseasiertoabsorb.D.Howatmosphericchemicalreactionsfl.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“plausible”inthelastparagraphmean?A.reliable.B.uncertn.C.abstract.D.Contradictory.【答案】8.D9.D10.CA【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一项新的研究发现，即撒哈拉沙漠的沙尘在穿越大西洋数千公里的过程中，其携带的铁元素逐渐变得更易被海洋微生物吸收，对海洋生态系统产生了积极影响。【8题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段中的““Ironinthedustisincrediblyimportantforlife,”hesd.Phytoplanktonrequireittochangecarbondioxideintosugars.(碳转化为糖类）”可知，铁能帮助浮游植物完成关键的物质转化，从而促进浮游植物生长，而浮游植物又支撑着海洋生态系统，因此铁对海洋生态系统很重要。故选D。【9题详解】推理判断题。根据第五段中“HeandOwensconcludedthatduringthedust’sseveral-daytransatlanticflight,moreandmoreofitsreactiveironwaschanged—attackedbyacidsandradiation.(他和Owens第7页/共24页尘穿越大西洋的几天飞行中，越来越多的活性铁发生了变化——受到酸和辐射的攻击)”可知，沙尘中的活性铁在穿越大西洋的过程中，逐渐被酸和辐射改变，即沙漠尘埃飞得越远，剩下的活性铁就越少。故选D。【10题详解】主旨大意题。根据第五段中““There’rephotochemicaltransformationsthattendtomaketheironmoresoluble(可溶解的)inwater,”sdHeandOwensconcludedthatduringthedust’sseveral-daytransatlanticflight,moreandmoreofitsreactiveironwaschanged—attackedbyacidsandradiation.Asthatimprovedironlatersettledintotheocean,itwaseatendirectlybyphytoplankton.Owens酸和辐射的攻击。当这些改良后的铁后来沉积到海洋中时，它们被浮游植物直接吸收了)”可知，第五段主要讲述了沙尘中的铁是如何在大气中发生化学反应，变得更容易被浮游植物吸收的。故选C。【题详解】词句猜测题。根据最后一段““Thenewresultsareplausiblebecausepreviousstudieshaveshownthatironmineralsreactintheatmosphere,”sdNatalieMahowald,anatmosphericscientistwhostudiesdustatCornellUniversity.“TheirconclusiongoesalongwithwhatIthoughtwashappening,”shesd.(“新的结果是plausible，(CornellUniversity)研究尘埃的大气科学家娜塔莉·马霍瓦尔德（NatalieMahowald)”可知，NatalieMahowald认为新的研究结果是可靠的。故选A。DAnyonewhohastakenastandardizedtestknowsthatwritinganessayin20minutesorlesstakesseriousbrnpower.Havingaccesstoartificialintelligence()wouldcertnlylightenthementalload.ButasarecentstudybyresearchersattheMassachusettsInstituteof(MIT)suggests,thathelpmaycomeatacost.Overthecourseofaseriesofessay-writingsessions,studentsworkingwithaswellaswithoutanchatbothadtheirbrnactivitymeasured.Acrosstheboard,theusersexhibitedmarkedlylowerbrnactivityinareasassociatedwithcreativefunctionsandattention.Whetherwillleavepeople’sbrnsweakinthelongtermremnsanopenquestion.Researchersbehindthisstudyhavestressedthatfurtherworkisneededtoestablishadefinitivecausallinkbetweenincreaseduseandweakenedbrns.Afterall,thestudyhadatinysamplesizeandfocusedonasinglenarrowtask.Moreover,generativetoolsclearlyseektolightenpeople’smentalloads,asmanyothertechnologiesdo.Concernsaboutthiskindofoffloadingaren’tAslongagoasthe5thcenturyBC,Socrateswasquotedascomplningthatwritingisnot“apotion(神药)forremembering,butforreminding”.Calculatorssparecashiers第8页/共24页fromcomputingabill.Navigationappsremovetheneedformap-reading.Andyetfewwouldarguethatpeoplearelesscapableasaresult.Thereislittleevidencetosuggestthatlettingmachineshandleusers’mentaltasksaltersthebrn’scapacityforthinking.Buttheworryisthatgenerativeallowsonetoathoughtprocess.Andoncethebrnhasdevelopedatasteforoffloading,itcanbeahardhabittokick.Asoneuserputit,“IrelysomuchonthatIdon’tthinkI’dknowhowtosolvecertnproblemswithoutit.”Thetechnologyissoyoungthat,formanytasks,thehumanbrnisstillthesharpesttoolinthetoolkit.Butintimeboththeconsumersofanditsregulatorswillhavetoassesswhetheritswiderbenefitsoutweighanycognitive(认知)costs.Ifstrongerevidenceemergesthatmakespeoplelessintelligent,willtheycare?12.WhatdidtheMITstudyfind?A.usersshowedlessmentalengagement.B.leftpeople’sbrnsweak.C.lightenedthementalloadinwriting.D.usersassociatedcreativitywithattention.13.AccordingtoSocrates,whatnegativeconsequencecouldwritinghave?A.Peoplewouldavoidusingreminders.B.Peoplewouldstopthinkingindependently.C.Peoplewouldrelylessontheirownmemory.D.Peoplewouldcarelessaboutthespokenword.14.Whatpointdoestheuser’sremarkinparagraph5illustrate?A.canchangeusers’mentalcapacity.B.isnotwidelyavlabletothepublic.C.canencourageusers’mentallaziness.D.isnotcapableofsolvingeveryproblem.15.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.MakeStupid?B.HowLetsC.WhyThinkingAbilitiesD.IsaMentalShortcutCaneasilyQuit?【答案】12.A13.C14.C15.A【解析】MIT写作文的学生在创造力和注意力相关脑区活动显著降低，但长期影响未知。虽无证据显示改变大脑思考能力，但需权衡其利弊。【12题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Acrosstheboard,theusersexhibitedmarkedlylowerbrnactivityinareasassociatedwithcreativefunctionsandattention.(的大脑区域表现出明显更低的活动水平)”可知，MIT的研究发现使用者的脑力参与度更低。故选A项。【13题详解】第9页/共24页细节理解题。根据第四段中“Aslongagoasthe5thcenturyBC,Socrateswasquotedascomplningthatwritingisnot“apotion(神药)forremembering,butforreminding”.Calculatorssparecashiersfromcomputingabill.Navigationappsremovetheneedformap-reading.Andyetfewwouldarguethatpeoplearelesscapableasaresult.(早在公元前5世纪，苏格拉底就曾抱怨说，写作不是“记忆的药水，而是提醒的药水”。计算器使收银员不必计算账单。导航应用免去了看地图的需要。然而，很少有人会认为人们的能力因此而下降)”可知，根据苏格拉底的说法，写作的消极结果是人们更少依赖自己的记忆。故选C。【14题详解】推理判断题。根据第五段中“Buttheworryisthatgenerativeallowsonetoathoughtprocess.Andoncethebrnhasdevelopedatasteforoffloading,itcanbeahardhabittokick.Asoneuserputit,“IrelysomuchonthatIdon’tthinkI’dknowhowtosolvecertnproblemswithoutit.”()”可知，该用户的话表明可能会助长用户的思维惰性。故选C。【15题详解】Whetherwillleavepeople’sbrnsweakinthelongtermremnsanopenquestion.Researchersbehindthisstudyhavestressedthatfurtherworkisneededtoestablishadefinitivecausallinkbetweenelevateduseandweakenedbrns.Afterall,thestudyhadatinysamplesizeandfocusedonasinglenarrowtask.(研究背后的研究人员强调，需要进一步的工作来确定人工智能使用量增加与大脑功能减弱之间的明确因果)”和最后一段“Thetechnologyissoyoungthat,formanytasks,thehumanbrnisstillthesharpesttoolinthetoolkit.Butintimeboththeconsumersofanditsregulatorswillhavetoassesswhetheritswiderbenefitsoutweighanycognitive(认知)costs.Ifstrongerevidenceemergesthatmakespeoplelessintelligent,willtheycare?(这项技术是如此年轻，以至于在许多任务中，人类的大脑仍然是工具包中最锋利的工具。但随着时间的推移，人工智能的消费者和监管机构都将不得不评估其更广泛的好处是否超过任何认知成本。如果有更有力的证据表明人工智能会让人变得更不聪?)MIT写作文的学生在创造力和注意力相关脑区活动显著降低，虽无证据显示改变大脑思考能力，但需权衡其利弊。因此A项“会使你变笨吗?”可以作为本文的最佳标题。故选A。第二节共5小题，每小题分，满分分)根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。第10页/共24页Areyouasgoodatthingsasyouthinkyouare?Whileknowinghowcompetentoneishelpsmakeimportantdecisions,researchsuggeststhatpeoplearenotverygoodatevaluatingthemselvesaccurately.____16____Researchershaveatermforthisphenomenon,theDunning-Kruger____17____Theyjudgethemselvesasbetterthanotherstoadegreethatviolatesthelawsofmath.Whensoftwareengineerswereaskedtoratetheirperformance,42%putthemselvesinthetop5%.Thisisnotanisolatedfinding.Onaverage,peopletendtoratethemselvesbetterthanmostinhealth,leadershipskills,andbeyond.What’sparticularlyinterestingisthatthosewiththeleastabilityoftenoverratetheirskillstothegreatestextent.____18____WhenpsychologistsDunningandKrugerfirstdescribedthein1999,theyarguedthatpoorperformerslacktheveryexpertiseneededtorecognizehowbadlythey’redoing.TheDunning-Krugerisn’taquestionofego(自尊)blindingustoourweaknesses.Peopleusuallydoadmittheirdeficitsoncetheycanspotthem.Thatmaybewhypeoplewithamediumamountofexpertiseoftenhavelessconfidenceintheirabilities.____19____Meanwhile,expertstendtobeawareofjusthowknowledgeabletheyare.Buttheyoftenassumethateveryoneelseisknowledgeable,too.____20____Whenthey’reunskilled,theycan’tseetheirownfaults.Whenthey’reexceptionallycompetent,theydon’tperceivehowunusualtheirabilitiesare.Sowhatcanwedo?First,askforfeedbackfromotherpeople,evenifit’shardtohear.Second,keeplearning.Themoreknowledgeablewebecome,thelesslikelywearetohaveinvisibleholesinourcompetence.A.Butwhy?B.Dopeopleknowhowbadlytheyaredoing?C.Peopleinvariousfieldstendtobeoverconfident.D.Infact,theyfrequentlyoverestimatetheirownabilities.E.Theyknowenoughtoknowthatthere’salottheydon’tF.Theresultis,onewayoranother,peoplearecaughtinaninaccurateself-perception.G.Thisexplnswhyover100studiesshowpeopledisplayimaginarysuperiority.【答案】16.D17.G18.A19.E20.F【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了邓宁—克鲁格效应，包括该效应的表现、原因以及解决方法。【16题详解】根据上文“Whileknowinghowcompetentoneishelpsmakeimportantdecisions,researchsuggeststhatpeoplearenotverygoodatevaluatingthemselvesaccurately.(虽然了解自己的能力有助于做出重要决策，但研究表明，第11页/共24页人们并不擅长准确地评价自己)”以及下文“Researchershaveatermforthisphenomenon,theDunning-Kruger(研究人员为这种现象起了一个术语——邓宁—克鲁格效应)”可知，上文指出人们并不擅长准确评D选项“Infact,theyfrequentlyoverestimatetheirownabilities.(事实上，他们经常高估自己的能力)”承接上文的研究结论，是对“无法准确评估自己”的具体补充，说明“不准确评估”的常见表现是“高估能力”，同时为下文引出“邓宁—克鲁格效应”做铺垫，逻辑连贯。故选D项。【17题详解】根据下文“Theyjudgethemselvesasbetterthanotherstoadegreethatviolatesthelawsofmath.Whensoftwareengineerswereaskedtoratetheirperformance,42%putthemselvesinthetop5%.Thisisnotanisolatedfinding.Onaverage,peopletendtoratethemselvesbetterthanmostinhealth,leadershipskills,andbeyond.(他们认为自42%的人认为自己处于前5%更优秀)”可知，下文指出调查研究表明各个领域的人往往高估自己的能力，认为自己比别人好，G选项“Thisexplnswhyover100studiesshowpeopledisplayimaginarysuperiority.(这种效应解释了为什么超过100项研究表明人们会表现出假想的优越性)”中的“Thiseffect”指代上文的“Dunning-Krugerimaginarysuperiority(假想的优越性)”与下文“judgethemselvesasbetterthanothers”“ratethemselvesbetterthanmost”直接呼应，起到统领段落的作用，解释了邓宁—克鲁格效应的具体表现，即人们表现出假想的优越性。故选G项。【18题详解】根据上文“What’sparticularlyinterestingisthatthosewiththeleastabilityoftenoverratetheirskillstothegreatestextent.(特别有趣的是，能力最弱的人往往最容易高估自己的技能)”以及下文“WhenpsychologistsDunningandKrugerfirstdescribedthein1999,theyarguedthatpoorperformerslacktheveryexpertiseneededtorecognizehowbadlythey’redoing.(当心理学家邓宁和克鲁格在1999年首次描述这种效应时，他们认为表现不佳者缺乏认识到自己表现有多差所需的专业知识)”可知，上文指出“能力最弱的人往往最容易A选项“Butwhy?(但是为什么呢？)”以设问的方式引出下文对“能力弱的人高估自己”这一现象的原因解释，起到承上启下的过渡作用，符合“现象—疑问—原因”的逻辑结构。故选A项。【19题详解】根据上文“TheDunning-Krugerisn’taquestionofego(自尊)blindingustoourweaknesses.Peopleusuallydoadmittheirdeficitsoncetheycanspotthem.Thatmaybewhypeoplewithamediumamountofexpertiseoftenhavelessconfidenceintheirabilities.(邓宁—克鲁格效应并非是自尊蒙蔽了我们对自身弱点的第12页/共24页认知。人们通常一旦能发现自己的不足，就会承认这些缺陷。这可能就是为什么拥有中等专业知识水平的人往往对自己的能力信心不足)”可知，上文指出拥有中等专业知识的人往往对自己的能力缺乏信心，E选项“Theyknowenoughtoknowthatthere’salottheydon’t(多不知道的东西)”是对“中等专业知识者信心不足”的原因进一步解释，“They”指代“peoplewithamediumamountofexpertiseknowenoughtoknowthatthere’salottheydon’tknow”说明中等水平者因认知到自身知识局限而信心不足，与上文逻辑一致，补充完整因果关系。故选E项。【20题详解】根据上文“Meanwhile,expertstendtobeawareofjusthowknowledgeabletheyare.Buttheyoftenassumethateveryoneelseisknowledgeable,too.(与此同时，专家往往清楚自己有多博学。但他们通常也认为其他人同样博学)”以及下文“Whenthey’reunskilled,theycan’tseetheirownfaults.Whenthey’reexceptionallycompetent,theydon’tperceivehowunusualtheirabilitiesare.(当他们不熟练时，看不到自己的缺点；当他们能力极强时，意识不到自己的能力有多罕见)”可知，上文指出专家往往低估自己的能力，下文则对各类人群的情况进行了总结性说明，F选项“Theresultis,onewayoranother,peoplearecaughtinaninaccurateself-perception.(结果就是，无论如何，人们都陷入了不准确的自我认知中)”是对上文“能力弱的人高估、中等水平者信心不inaccurateself-perception时与下文对不同能力者认知特点的总结相呼应，起到总结前文、衔接下文的作用。故选F项。第三部分语言运用共2节，满分分)第一节完形填空共题，每题1分，满分分)Bonnieforeverrememberedhermother’skindnessthroughthehandmadesweatersshegrewupin.Thatsamewarm___21___beyondtheirhome—hermotheroftenvolunteeredtosewclothesfortheneedy.Everystitch(针脚)witnessedher___22___tothecommunity.Whenanaccident___23___hermother’slife,Bonniefeltsomethingimportantwasmissinginherheart.Whilesortingthroughherlatemother’sbelongings,shefoundan___24___sweaterlabeledwith“Bonnie”.Herheartachedtheinstantsherecognizedits___25___.Thewarmthofhermother’ssweaters___26___hernottocastitasideandtofinishit.Shesearchedforsolutionsonlineand___27___onLooseends,anonprofit___28___partly-finishedprojectswithskilledvolunteerknitters(编织者).ThroughLooseendsBonniewaslinkedtoanearby___29___Anna,whotookgreatpleasurein____30____hermother’swork.Annaspentweeksknittingintothesmallhoursand____31____tofinishtheproject.Whenthesweaterwaspassedtoher,Bonniethrewherarmsaroundit,jumpingatthechanceto____32____withhermotheracrosstime.第13页/共24页Huggingthefinishedpiece,Bonnierealizedthebeautyand____33____inthefinisher’srhythmofknitting.It’snotjustaboutbeingkind,butaboutmakingsurepeoplehave____34____objectstheycanhugwhenmissingsomeone.ForBonnie,holdingthatcompletedsweaterfinallyfilledtheemptinessinherheartwithgenuine____35____.21.A.ceasedB.hatchedC.extendedD.originated22.A.reactionB.commitmentC.adjustmentD.promise23.A.suspendedB.celebratedC.transformedD.clmed24.A.unrepredB.unpackedC.unfoldedD.uncompleted25.A.influenceB.intentionC.historyD.choice26.A.urgedB.warnedC.allowedD.dared27.A.commentedB.reliedC.chancedD.reflected28.A.replacingB.matchingC.comparingD.rewarding29.A.coworkerB.shopkeeperC.teacherD.finisher30.A.testingoutB.takingoverC.preparingforD.figuringout31.A.managedB.pretendedC.happenedD.32.A.argueB.competeC.engageD.negotiate33.A.courageB.challengeC.profitD.value34.A.randomB.uniqueC.physicalD.premier35.A.warmthB.truthC.depthD.growth【答案】21.C22.B23.D24.D25.C26.A27.C28.B29.D30.B31.A32.C33.D34.C35.A【解析】【导语】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了Bonnie的母亲生前经常为有需要的人缝制衣服，母亲意外去世后，Bonnie在整理遗物时发现了一件未完成的毛衣，在公益组织“未竟之工（LooseendsAnnaBonnie传递温暖的意义。【21题详解】——她的母亲经常自愿为有需要的人缝制衣物。A.ceased停止；B.hatched孵化；C.extended延伸；D.originated起源。根据下文“beyondtheirhome—hermotheroftenvolunteeredtosewclothesfortheneedy”可知，她的母亲经常自愿为有需要的人缝制衣服，这种温暖第14页/共24页“延伸”到了家庭之外。故选C项。【22题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：每一针都见证了她对社区的奉献。A.reaction反应；B.commitment奉献；C.adjustment调整；D.promise承诺。根据上文“hermotheroftenvolunteeredtosewclothesfortheneedy”可知，她的母亲经常自愿为有需要的人缝制衣服，所以此处表示每一针都见证了她对社区的“奉献”。故选B项。【23题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：当一场事故夺走了她母亲的生命时，Bonnie感到心中缺少了重要的东西。A.suspended暂停；B.celebrated庆祝；C.transformed使改观；D.clmed夺走。根据下文“hermother’slife”和“Bonniefeltsomethingimportantwasmissinginherheart”可知，意外“夺走”了母亲的生命，让Bonnie感到心中缺少了重要的东西。故选D项。【24题详解】Bonnie”名字的未完成的毛衣。A.unrepredB.unpackedC.unfoldedD.uncompleted“tofinishit”和“partly-finishedprojects”可知，这是一件“未完成的”毛衣。故选D项。【25题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：一认出它的来历，她的心就痛了