大学英语六级改革适用（阅读）模拟试卷399

大学英语六级改革适用（阅读）模拟试

卷399

一、仔细阅读（本题共25题，每题7.0分，共25分。）

Amassivepoolofwarmoceanwateriscausingchangesintheatmospherethatcould

produceunusualweatheraroundtheworldinthenextfewnicnths,theUSNational

WeatherServicereportedonMonday.Asaresultofthisphenomenon,knownasElNino,

morerainfallthannormalislikelythiswinteracrosssomeareasoftheUnitedStates,

withunusuallywarmorcoldweatherinotherpartsofthecountry.Currentlythe

phenomenonismarkedbyawarmpoolofwateralongtheequatorextendingfromthe

InternationalDateLinenearlytothecoastofSouthAmerica.Thatwaterisnearly4

degreesFahrenheitabovenormal,explainedVernonKouskyof（heclimatecenter.This

warmwater"spreadsalmostaquarterofthewayaroundtheglobe.Soit*smassiveandit

hasanimpactonourweather.Ithasa"globalinfluence...becauseitdisturbs（he

atmosphere",saidDaveRodenhuis,directoroftheclimatecenter."ElNinoisprobably

themostimportantclimateeventbeyondtheannualcycleofseasons",headded.Because

（hechangestendedtobefirstnoticedaroundChristmas,thephenomenonwasgiventhe

nameElNino,whichisSpanishforchild,atermoftenusedtorefertothebabyJesus.

Thephenomenonoccurseverythreetofiveyears,sometimesinamildformand

sometimesstronglyaffectingweatherpatternsworldwide.De:ailsofitscausearenot

fullyunderstood,butwhenitoccurs,unusuallywarmaircanbepumpedintoCanada,

AlaskaandthenorthernUnitedStates.Atthesametime,conditionstendtobewetter

thannormalalongtheUSSoutheastCoastandtheGulfofMexico.AndtheAtlanticand

Caribbeanhurricaneseasontendstobemilderthanusual.ThestrongElNinoof1982-

1983wasblamedforworseningthedevastatingdroughtinAfrica,causingaseriesof

severewinterstormstocomeashoreinCalifornia,spawningthefirsttyphoontostrike

FrenchPolynesiain75years-followedbyfivemoreinfivemonths-delugingPeruand

Ecuadorwithtorrentialrainsandpromotingtheworstdroughtintwocenturiesin

AustraliaOveralldamagewasestimatedatbetween$2billionand$8billionbyaUnited

Nationsanalysisandthedeathtolllopped1,500worldwide.

1、ElNinocanbestbedescribedas.

A^unusuallylongperiodofhotorcoldweather

B、unusualchangesofweatheraroundtheworld

C、atmosphericchangecausedbywarmoceanwater

D、risingtemperatureoftheoceanwaterandatmosphere

标准答案：C

知识点解析：第2段首句开头表明thisphenomenon就是ElNino,而this

phenomenon指的是首段提及的“大量温暖的海水引起大气变化”这一现象，由此可

见，选项C是对厄尔尼诺现象最恰当的描述。

2、Thewarmwalerisaffectingtheweathergloballybecause.

A^itstemperatureistoomuchabovenormal

B、itcoversavastareaintheworld

C、itisoneofthemostimportantclimateevents

D、itsinfluencebeginsfromtheequator

标准答案：B,

知识点解析：原文第4段第2句开头的it，smassiveand…表明暖水对全球气候产生

影响是因为it'smassive,由此可见，选项B为本题答案。第3段末句提及水温比

正常高了4度，但作者没有说明这4度是否loomuchabovenormal,因此选项A不

正确；选项C没有在原文提及。

3、WhichofthefollowingistrueaboutthenamingofElNino?

A、ThenamehadsomethingtodowithChristianity.

B、Thenamewasgivenbyareligiousresearcher.

C、ThenameindicatesthatElNinomostusuallyhappensaroundChristmas.

D、ThenameimpliesthatthefirstphenomenonofElNinoappearedinSpain.

标准答案：A

知识点解析：原文笫6段中的Christmas和babyJesus都表明厄尔尼诺的命名与基

督教有关，因此选项A为木题答案。选项B中的religiousresearcher,选项C中的

mostusuallyhappensaroundChristmas和选项D中的thefirst...inSpain均难以从原

文得到证实。

4、WhatisleastknownaboutElNino,accordingtothepassage?

A、TheclimatechangescausedbyElNino.

B、TheareasinfluencedbyElNino.

C、HowoftenElNinohappens.

D、HowElNinoisformed.

标准答案：D

知识点解析：原文第7段第2句开头的分句表明厄尔尼诺现象的成因仍不明了，因

此选项D为本题答案。选项A在文章开头有讨论到，选项B在第7段有讨论到，

在讨论这两点信息的时候，作者并未提及对它们了解甚少，因此这两个选项不是本

题答案；第7段首句有提及这种现象每隔三到五年出现，故选项C也不正确。

5、WhatdoestheauthorwantstotellusaboutElNinobythelasttwoparagraphs?

A^TheUN'sconcernaboutit.

B、Themeasurestakenagainstit.

C、Itsintensity.

D、Itsfrequency.

标准答案：C

知识点解析：从原文倒数第2段开头的wasblamedfor…和这两段的用词及数字可

以知道，这两段主要陈述了厄尔尼诺现象对全球气候的破坏，即它的破坏力,选项

C的intensity意为,•强度，剧烈的程度］与两段的主题内容最接近，因此为本题答

案。

Whenglobalwarmingfinallycame,itstuckwithavengeance（异乎寻常地）.Insome

regions,temperaturesroseseveraldegreesinlessthanacentury.Sealevelsshotup

nearly400feet,floodingcoastalsettlementsandforcingpeopletomigrateinland.Deserts

spreadthroughouttheworldasvegetationshifteddrasticallyinNorthAmerica,Europe

andAsia.Afterdrivingmanyoftheanimalsaroundthemtonearextinction,peoplewere

（breed（oabandontheiroldwayoflifeforaradicallynewsurvivalstrategythatresulted

inwidespreadstarvationanddisease.Theadaptationwasfarming:（heglobal-warming

crisisthatgaverisetoithappenedmorethan10,000yearsago.Asenvironmentalists

conveneinRiodeJaneirothisweekioponderiheglobalclimaieofihefuture,earih

scientistsarein（hemidstofarevolutioninunderstandinghowclimatehaschangedin

thepast—andhowthosechangeshavetransformedhumanexistence.Researchershave

beguntopiecetogetheranilluminatingpictureofthepowerfulgeologicaland

astronomicalforcesthathavecombinedtochangetheplanet'senvironmentfromhotto

cold,wettodryandbackagainoveratimeperiodstretchingbackhundredsofmillions

ofyears.Mostimportant,scientistsarebeginningtorealizethattheclimaticchanges

havehadamajorimpactontheevolutionofthehumanspecies.Newresearchnow

suggeststhatclimateshiftshaveplayedakeyroleinnearlyeverysignificantturning

pointinhumanevolution:fromthedawnofprimates（灵长目动物）some65millionyears

agotohumanancestorsrisinguptowalkontwolegs,fromthehugeexpansionofthe

humanbraintotheriseofagiiuulluic.Indeed,liichuiiiiinhistoryhasnolbeenmerely

touchedbyglobalclimatechange,somescientistsargue,ithasinsomeinstancesbeen

drivenbyit.Thenewresearchhasprofoundimplicationsfortheenvironmentalsummit

inRio.Amongotherthings,thefindingsdemonstratethatdramaticclimatechangeis

nothingnewforplanetEarth.Thebenign（宜人的）globalenvironmentthathasexisted

overthepast10,000years-duringwhichagriculture,writing,citiesandmostother

featuresofcivilizationappeared—isamerebrightspotinamuchlargerpatternofwidely

varyingclimateovertheages.Infact,thepatternofclimatechangeinthepastreveals

thatEarth*sclimatewillalmostcertainlygothroughdramaticchangesinthefuture-

evenwithouttheinfluenceofhumanactivity.

6、Farmingemergedasasunivalstrategybecausemanhadbeenobliged.

A、iogiveuphisformerwayoflife

B、toleavethecoastalareas

C、tofollow（heever-shiftingvegetation

D、toabandonhisoriginalsettlement

标准答案：A

知识点解析：文章第1段最后两句提到“人类在将其周围的许多种动物逼向濒临灭

绝的境地之后，也被迫放弃他们已导致饥荒、疾病的旧有生活方式而选择全新的求

生策略。这种策略就是农业A与文章的意思相符合。

7、Earthscientistshavecometounderstandthatclimate.

A^isgoingthroughafundamentalchange

B、hasbeengettingwarmerfor10,000years

C、willeventuallychangefromhottocold

D^hasgonethroughperiodicalchanges

标准答案：D

知识点解析：文章第2段第2句提到“研究者已经开始综合出一幅有关强大的地质

和天文力量发生作用的说明性的图片，在过去的几百万年中，这两种力量结合在一

起改变着地球的环境：从炎热到寒冷，从潮湿到干燥，如此反复，循环不止”，D

与文章的意思一致，因而正确。

8^Scientistsbelievethathutnanevolution.

A^hasseldombeenaccompaniedbyclimaticchanges

B、hasexertedlittleinfluenceonclimaticchanges

C、haslargelybeenaffectedbyclimaticchanges

D、hashadamajorimpactonclimaticchanges

标准答案：C

知识点解析：文章第3段第1、2句提到“最重要的是，科学家己经开始意识到气候

的变化对人种的进化有着主要的影响。现在新的研究表明几乎在人类进化的每一个

重大的转折时期天气变化都起着关键的作用“，所以人类进化受到气候变化的影

响。因此，C正确。

9、Evidenceofpastclimaticchangesindicatesthat.

A、humanactivitieshaveacceleratedchangesofEarth'senvironment

B、Earth'senvironmentwillremainmilddespitehumaninterference

C、Earth'sclimateisboundtochangesignificantlyintheftitare

D^Earth'sclimateisunlikelytoundergosubstantialchangesin(hefuture

标准答案：C

知识点解析：文章最后一句提到“事实上，过去气候变化口勺模式表明地球的气候在

将来肯定会经历重大的变化——即使是没有人类活动的影响”，因此，C与文章所

表达的意思一致。

10>Themessagetheauthorwishestoconveyinthepassageisthat.

A、humancivilizationremainsgloriousthoughitisaffectedbyclimaticchanges

B、mankindisvirtuallyhelplessinthefaceofthedramaticchangesofclimate

C、manhastolimithisactivitiestoslowdowntheglobalwarmingprocess

D、humancivilizationwillcontinuetodevelopinspiteofthechangesofnature

标准答案：B

知识点解析：全文围绕气候变化给人类带来的影响展开，而文章最后•句“地球气

候几乎注定要在将来发生巨大的变化——甚至无须人类的干预”，说明人类无力改

变自然，B为正确答案。

Mostgrowingplantscontainmuchmorewaterthanallothermaterialscombined.C.R.

Baineshassuggestedthatitisaspropertotermtheplantawaterstructureastocalla

housecomposedmainlyofbrickabrickbuilding.Certainitisthatallessentialprocesses

ofplantgrowthanddevelopmentoccurinwater.Themineralelementsfromthesoilthat

areusablebytheplantmustbedissolvedinthesoilsolutionbefore(heycanbetakeninto

theroot.Theyarecarriedtoallpartsofthegrowingplantandarebuiltintoessentialplant

materialswhileinadissolvedstate.Thecarbondioxidc(CO2)fromtheairmayenterthe

leafasagasbutisdissolvedinwaterintheleafbeforeitisccmbinedwithapartofthe

watertoformsimplesugars—thebasematerialfromwhichtheplantbodyismainly

built.Activelygrowingplantpartsarcgenerally75to90percentwater.Structuralparts

ofplants,suchaswoodystemsnolongeractivelygrowing,mayhavemuchlesswater

thangrowingtissues.Theactualamountofwaterintheplantatanyonetime,however,is

onlyaverysmallpartofwha:passesthroughitduringitsdevelopment.Theprocessesof

photosynthesis,bywhichcarbondioxideandwaterarecombined—inthepresenceof

chlorophyll(叶绿素)andwithenergyderivedfromlight—toformsugars,requirethat

carbondioxidefromtheairentertheplant.Ihisoccursmainlyintheleaves.Iheleaf

surfaceisnotsolidbutcontainsgreatnumbersofminuteopenings,throughwhichthe

carbondioxideenters.Thesamestructurethatpermitstheonegastoentertheleaf,

however,permitsanothergas-watervapor-tobelostfromit.Sincecarbondioxideis

presentintheaironlyintracequantities(3to4partsin10.000partsofair)andwater

vaporisnearsaturationin(heairspaceswithin(heleaf(at80°F,saturatedairwould

containabout186partsofwatervaporin10.000partsofair),thetotalamountofwater

vaporlostismanytimesthecarbondioxideintake.Actually,becauseofwindandother

factors,thelossofwaterinproportiontocarbondioxideintakemaybeevengreaterthan

therelativeconcentrationsofthetwogases.Also,notallofthecarbondioxidethatenters

theleafissynthesizedintocarbohydrales(碳水化合物).

11、Agrowingplantneedswatertorallofthefollowingexcept.

Asformingsugars

B、sustainingwoodystems

C、keepinggreen

D、producingcarbondioxide

标准答案：D

知识点解析：文章谈到的二氧化碳都是空气中的二氧化碳，不是植物“产生的二氧

化碳”，故可知D项符合题意。A、B、C项都是植物的生长发育过程。尽管C项并

没有在文中明言，但它也是植物内水分的作用之一。

12、Theessentialfunctionofphotosynlliusisinicnnsofplantneedsis.

A、toformsugars

B、toderiveenergyfromlight

C、topreservewater

D、tocombinecarbondioxidewithwater

标准答案：A

知识点解析：根据第2段第2句可知，光合作用的主要作用是利用叶绿素，在光能

的作用下，把二氧化碳和水结合形成糖。由此可以归纳光合作用的最终目的是生产

植物所需的糖，A符合题意。B项和D项都是光合作用发生的条件而非目的。

13、Thesecondparagraphusesfactstodeveloptheessentialidea(hat.

A、aplantefficientlyutilizesmostofthewateritabsorbs

B、carbondioxideis(heessentialsubstanceneededforplantdevelopment

C、aplantneedsmorewaterthanisfoundinitscomposition

D^thestrongerthewind,themorethewatervaporloss

标准答案：C

知识点解析：从第2段的首句“植物在任何特定时期的含水量都只是其生长过程中

流经植物的水总量的一小部分”可以判断C符合题意。其他三个选项也都符合原文

意思，但都不是第二段的分话题。

14、Fromthepassage,welearnthat.

A、themineralelementswillnotbeabsorbedbytheplantunlesstheyaredissolvedinits

root

B、thewoodystemscontainmorewater(hantheleaves

C、airexistingaroundtheleafisfoundtohesaturated

D、onlypartofthecarbondioxideintheplantsissynthesized

标准答案：D

知识点解析：第2段最后一句话明确指出，并非所有进入植物叶片的二氧化碳都与

水化合成为碳水化合物。故D正确。A与第1段第4句不符，即矿物质需溶解在土

壤溶液(soilsolution)中而非植物的根部(root)；C在倒数第3句可以找到反证，即水

蒸气在叶片空隙中接近饱和状态，而非如C项所说“在叶片周围呈饱和状态”；B在

文中未提及。

15、Thispassageismainlyabout.

A^thefunctionsofcarbondioxideandwater

B、theroleofwaterinagrowingplant

C、theprocessofsimplesugarformation

D、thesynthesisofwaterwithcarbondioxide

标准答案：B

知识点涵析：从本文主题来看，应当是水在植物生长过程中的重要性，B最符合题

意。本文第二段花许多篇幅介绍了光合作用，其目的还是为了说明水的作用。A、

C、D项偏重于讲光合作用，并非全文主题。

Birdsthatareliterallyhalf-asleep-withonebrainhemispherealertandtheother

sleeping-controlwhichsideofthebrainremainsawake,accordingtoanewstudyof

sleepingducks.Earlierstudieshavedocumentedhalf-brainsleepinawiderangeofbirds.

Thebrainhemispherestaketurnssinkingintothesleepstagecharacterizedbyslowbrain

waves.Theeyecontrolledbythesleepinghemispherekeepsshut,whilethewakeful

hemisphere'seyestaysopenandalert.Birdsalsocansleepwithbothhemispheresresting

atonce.Decadesofstudiesofbirdflocksledresearcherstopredictextraalertnessinthe

morevulnerable,end-of-the-rowsleepers.Sureenough,theendbirdstendedtowatch

carefullyonthesideawayfremtheircompanions.Ducksintheinnerspotsshowedno

preferencefbrgazedirection.Also,birdsdoping(打吨)at(heendofthelineresortedto

single-hemispheresleep,ratherthantotalrelaxation,moreoftenthaninnerducksdid.

Rotating16birdsthroughthepositionsinafour-duckrow,theresearchersfoundouter

birdshalf-asleepduringsome32percentofdozing（imeversusabout12percentforbirds

ininternalspots."Webelievethisisthefirstevidenceforananimalbehaviorally

controllingsleepandwakefulnesssimultaneouslyindifferentregionsofthebrain,"the

researcherssay.Theresultsprovidethebestevidenceforalong-standingsuppositionthat

single-hemispheresleepevolvedascreaturesscannedforenemies.Thepreferencefor

openinganeyeonthelookoutsidecouldhewidespread,hepredicts.He'sseenitinapair

ofbirdsdozingside-by-sideinthezooandinasinglepetbirdsleepinghyamirror.The

mirror-sideeyeclosedasifthereflectionwereacompanionandtheothereyestayed

open.Usefulashalf-sleepingmightbe,it'sonlybeenfoundinbirdsandsuchwater

mammals（哺乳动物）asdolphins,whales,andseals.Perhapskeepingonesideofthebrain

awakeallowsasleepinganimaltosurfaceoccasionallytoavoiddrowning.Studiesof

birdsmayofferuniqueinsightsintosleep.JeromeM.SiegeloftheUCLAsayshe

wondersifbirds'half-brainsleep"isjustthetipoftheiceberg（冰山）Hespeculatesthat

moreexamplesmayturnupv/henvvetakeacloserlookatotlierspecies.

16、Anewstudyonbirds'sleephasrevealedthat.

A、half-brainsleepisfoundinawidevarietyofbirds

B、half-brainsleepischaracierizedbyslowbrainwaves

C、birdscancontroltheirhalf-brainsleepconsciously

D、birdsseldomsleepwiththewholeoftheirbrainatrest

标准答案：C

知识点解析：第I段提到“根据对睡鸭的一项新研究，那些真正进行半脑睡眠的7

类它们半个大脑警醒，半个大脑沉睡控制着让哪一半大脑保持清醒”，也

就是说能自觉地控制大脑的状况，C正确。A和B是早期研究的结果：D与文章的

意思不符。

17、Accordingtothepassage,birdsoftenhalfsleepbecause.

Astheyhavetowatchoutforpossibleattacks

B、theirbrainhemispherestake（urnstorest

C、thetwohalvesoftheirbrainarcdifferentlystructured

D、theyhavetoconstantlykeepaneyeontheircompanions

标准答案：A

知识点解析：第6段首句提到“新的研究成果为长期以来的•种设想提供了最好的

证据，即半脑睡眠机制是动物为防范敌人进化而来的“，A与文章观点一致；B只

是讲述了半脑睡眠是怎么叵事，并没有告知原因；C文中没有提及：D与文中内容

不符。

18、Theexampleofabirdsleepinginfrontofamirrorindicatesthat.

A、（hephenomenonofbirdsdozinginpairsiswidespread

B、birdsprefertosleepinpairsforthesakeofsecurity

C、evenanimaginedcompaniongivesthebirdasenseofsecurity

D、asinglepetbirdenjoysseeingitsownreflectioninthemirror

标准答案：C

知识点解析：第6段坡后两句提到“研究者看见一只鸟儿靠着镜子睡觉。那只鸟对

着镜子的那只眼睛是闭着的，仿佛镜中的影像是它的同伴，而它的另外一只眼则是

睁开的“，C与此一致。A和B中的inpairs是对原文的误读：鸟儿喜欢结群（而不

一定是成双成对）睡眠，文宜前几段对此有说明。D中的enjoy属于无中生有。

19、Whilesleeping,somewatermammalstendtokeephalfawakeinorderto.

A、alertthemselvestotheapproachingenemy

B、emergefromwaternowandthentobreathe

C、besensitivetotheever-changingenvironment

D、avoidbeingsweptawaybyrapidcurrents

标准答案；B

知识点解析：第7段末句提到“也许一边大脑保持清醒是为了让睡眠中的动物不时

浮出水面以免被淹死“，B与文中所提及的观点一致。

20、By"justthetipoftheiceberg"（Line2,Para.8）,Siegelsuggeststhat.

A、half-brainsleephassomethingtodowithicyweather

B、themysteryofhalf-brainsleepisclosetobeingsolved

C、mostbirdslivingincoldregionstendtobehalfsleepers

D、half-brainsleepisaphenomenonthatcouldexistamongotherspecies

标准答案：D

知识点解析：最后一段提到“Siegel说他想知道鸟类的半脑睡眠机制是否，只是冰山

浮出水面的那一角、并推测当我们进一步研究其他物种时可能还会发现更多的例

子”，D与文中所述相符。A文中没有提及；B、C与文意不符。

Thedestructionofournaturalresourcesandcontaminationofourfoodsupplycontinue

tooccur,largelybecauseoftheextremedifficultyinaffixing（把...固定）lcgal

responsibilityonthosewhocontinuetotreatourenvironmentwithrecklessabandon.

Attemptstopreventpollutionbylegislation,economicincentivesandfriendlypersuasion

havebeenmetbylawsuits,personalandindustrialdenialandlongdelays—notonlyin

acceptingresponsibility,butmoreimportantly,indoingsomethingaboutit.Itseemsthat

onlywhengovernmentdecidesi（canaffordtaxincentivesorproductionsacrificesis

thereanyinitiativeforchange.Whereisindustry'sandourrecognitionthatprotecting

mankind'sgreattreasureisthesinglemostimportantresponsibility?Ifevertherewillbe

timeforenvironmentalhealthprofessionalstocometothefrontlinesandprovide

leadershiptosolveenvironmentalproblems,thattimeisnow.Wearebeingasked,and,in

fact,thepublicisdemandingthatwetakepositiveaction.Itisourresponsibilityas

professionalsinenvironmentalhealthtomakethedifference.Yes,theecologists,the

environmentalactivistsandtheconsenationistsservetocommunicate,stimulatethinking

andpromotebehavioralchange.However,itisthoseofuswhoarcpaidtomakethe

decisionstodevelop,improveandenforceenvironmentalstandards,Isubmit,whomust

leadthecharge.Wcmustrecognizethatenvironmentalhealthissuesdonotstopatcity

limits,countylines,stateorevenfederalboundaries.Wecannolongeraffordtobe

funnel-visionedinourapproach.Wemustvisualizeissuesfromeveryperspectiveto

maketheobjectivedecisions.Wemustexpressourviewsclearlytopreventmedia

distortionandpublicconfusion.Ibelievewehavea(hree-panmissionforthepresent.

First,wemustcontinuetopressforimprovementsinthequalityoflifethatpeoplecan

makeforthemselves.Second,wcmustinvestigateandunderstandthelinkbetween

environmentandhealth.Third,wemustbeabletocommunicatetechnicalinformationin

aformthatcitizenscanunderstand.Ifvvecanaccomplishthesethreegoalsinthisdecade,

maybewccanfinallystopenvironmentaldegradation,andnotmerelyholditback.Wc

willthenheabletospendpollutiondollarstrulyonpreventionratherthanonbandages.

21、Wecaninferfromthefirsttwoparagraphsthattheindustrialistsdisregard

environmentalprotectionchieflybecause.

A、theyareunawareoftheconsequencesofwhattheyaredoing

B、theyarcreluctantto