大学英语四级改革适用（阅读）模拟试卷836

大学英语四级改革适用（阅读）模拟试

卷836

一、仔细阅读（本题共30题，每题1.0分，共30分。）

Thecareersofthefuture,itisoftensaid,willbebuiltonconstantlearning.Butthenew

formsofeducationthatarebeingdevelopedtodealwiththeseneedsoftenfailtheir

customers.Intheonlinelearningworld,successratesarelowandmostpeoplegiveup

beforetheygettotheendofevenrelativelyshortcoursesthatarcmeanttoteachthem

newskills.SebastianThrunwasoneofthefirsttochampionthe"massiveopenonline

courses'*.Hiscompany,Udacily,claimsa34percent"graduation1'rate,whichisatthe

highendforonlinecourses,butitstillrevealsasoberingreality:abouttwo-thirdsof

peoplenevergettotheend.Sowhydosomanypeoplefailtocompleteonlinecourses?

Thereisonereasonaboveall:solitarylearningishard.Manypeopleruninto"abig

technicalchallenge"theycannotgetpast.Withoutthekindofpersonalattentionthat

comesfrommoretraditionalformsoftraining,theybecomedemoralisedandgiveup.As

ittriedtofindtherightformula,Udacityaddedasocialelementtoitslearningtotryto

reducethesenseofisolation."Theinterpersonalaspectsoflearningareincredibly

imporlantJsaysMrThrun.Studentsareputintogroupswithregularmeetingschedules.

Muchdependsongettingthesocialdynamicsrightsopeoplefeelsafe.Therightkindof

supportfromacustomer'semployerisequallyimportant.Explicitrecognitionfromthe

topisonethingthatcanmakeadifference:whenchiefexecutivesshowpersonalinterest

inthecauseofeducatingtheirworkersithasabigimpact,hesays.Evenmoreimportant

isgettingthesupportofastudent'sdirectmanager.Hedescribesthisasthebiggestsingle

factorindeterminingwhetheraworkergoesontocompleteacourseofstudy.Sohow

importantarenewskillswhensetalongsidetheon-the-jobexperiencethatmanyworkers

seeastheirmainsellingpointwhenlookingforanewrole?AccordingtoMrThrun,

experienceisnotthatimportant.Hesaysthat,facedwi:hthechoicebetweentwoworkers

withthesamelevelofskills,oneofwhomisolderandmoreexperienced,many

companiesthesedayswillpicktheyounger,lessexperiencedcandidate.Thethinkingis

thatyoungerworkersarcnotheldbackbyknowledgeofthewaythingshavebeendone

inthepast,makingthemlesslimitedintheirresponses.Thatmightsoundlikeatypical

SiliconValleyperspectiveonwork,whereloyaltytooldideasisseenasahindrance.But

asmoreareasofthebusinessworldareexposedtodisruptivedigitalforces,itisan

outlookthatislikelytospread.

1、Oneproblemintheonlinelearningworldis.

A、shortcourselength

B、limitedcoursecontent

C>lowenrollmentrates

D、highdropoutrates

标准答案：D

知识点解析：细节题。艰据题干关键词indieonlinelearningworld可定位至第一段

第三句，该句指出...Successratesarelowandmostpeoplegiveupbeforetheygetto

theendofevenrelativelyshortcoursesthataremeanttoteachthemnewskills（在线学习

的成功率很低，即使是参与那些授课时间相对较短、旨在教授新技能的课程，大多

数人也经常半途而废），D项“退学率高”是对第一段第三句的适度推断。故本题选

Do

2、People'sfailuretofinishonlinecoursescanbeattributedto.

A、alackofconcentration

lonelyself-study

C^atechnicalproblem

D、atendencytogiveup

标准答案：B

知识点解析：细节题。眼据题干关键词People'sfailuretofinishonlinecourses可定

位至第三段第一句，但该句无法完全解题，题干中的beattributedto（归因于）提示本

题需要寻找原因，因此定位至第二句中的reason（原因）。第二句指出Thereisone

reasonaboveall：solitanHearningishard（最重要的原因是：在学习上孤军奋战是艰

难的），B项“独自学习”是对第二句中solilarylearning的同义替换。故本题选

3、MrThrunarguesthatthemostmotivatingfactorforcoursecompletionis.

A、directsupenqsor'sapproval

BNexecutives'sincererecognition

C、employees*personalinterest

D、eachlearner'sperseverance

标准答案：A

知识点解析：细节题。根据题「关键词themostmotivatingfactorforcourse

completion可定位至第四段第四句，题干所问内容对应第四句中的this,而this指

代第三句中的Evenmoreimportantisgettingthesupportofastudent'sdirect

manager（更重要的是得到学员的直属领导的支持），A项“直属领导的支持”是对第四

段第三句的同义替换。故木题选A。

4、Theword"hindrance'（Para.5）isclosestinmeaningto.

A、favor

stereotype

C、trend

D、obstacle

标准答案：D

知识点解析：含义题。限据题干关键词"hindrance”（Para.5）可定位至第五段，由第

五段第二至四句可知，许多公司会选择年轻且经验少的员工，因为他们不会受到过

去经验的阻碍。第五句首先指出“这听上去像是典型的硅谷工作观”，由此可知前后

两部分内容在进行类比，由语境可推出，“固守旧观念”是"过去经验''的类比，

hindrance的语义应与第四句中heldback相近，D项“障碍”符合题意。故本题选

Do

5、Whichofthefollowingcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph?

A、Practicalskillsaremorehelpfulthanknowledge.

B、Olderworkersareeasilyeliminatedbythemarket.

C、Experienceisnotaguaranteeforgettingajob.

D、Youngerworkersaremoresmartandinnovative.

标准答案：C

知识点解析：推断题。艰据题干关键词thelastparagraph可定位至第五段，由第五

段第二至四句可知，如今许多公司会选择年轻、经验少的候选人，因为年轻职员不

会受到过去经验的阻碍，工作时不会束手束脚，因此在同等条件下，经验变得没那

么重要，C项”经验并不是得到工作的保障”是对第五段第二至四句的适度推断，故

本题选C。

ThedecisionoftheUniversityofCalifornia(UC)tostopusingSATandACTscoresin

undergraduateadmissionsisamilestoneforopponentsofstandardizedtesting.Giventhe

UCsystem'ssizeandprestige,themovemaypressureothereliteschoolstogotest-blind

aswell.Thiswillrelieveanxietyforhighschoolstudentsandtheirfamilies,butitwon't

increasediversityoncollegecampuses.It'sindisputablethatstudentperformanceonboth

theACTandSATishighlycorrelatedwithfamilyincomes.Aswellasattendingbetter-

resourcedschools,affluentstudentsaremorelikelytopayfortest-preparationclasses,

takethetestsmultipletimesinpursuitofhigherscores,andreceivespecial

"accommodations"forextratimetofinishexams.Collegesshouldtakethoseadvantages

intoaccountwhenreviewingstudents'scores,butdiscardingtestresultsaltogetherisa

mistake.Forone,there'snoevidencethatdroppingtestscoreshelpspoorstudents.One

studyof32liberal-artscollegesthatadoptedtest-optionaladmissionsfoundnoincrease

intheenrollmentoflow-incomestudents.Howcome?Onereasonisthatapplications

havegoneupattest-optionalschools—thusmakingthoseschoolsmoreselective,which

candiscouragequalified,low-incomestudentsfromapplying.Also,droppingtheSAT

requirementmakesitharderforcollegestocompareapplicantsagainstacommon

standard.Thatheightenstheimportanceofgrades,extracurricularactivitiesandhow

manyAdvancedPlacementclassesstudentstakeinhighschool-allofwhich,again,tilt

theprocessmoreheavilyinfavorofrichercandidates.Therearebetterwaystoexpand

opportunitiesforhigh-performing,low-incomestudents.Stricterrulesagainstscore­

maximizingtacticsthatbenefitthewealthywouldhelp)—suchaslimitingtheuseof

"superscores"thatallowstudentstosubmittheirbestscoresonindividualsectionsofthe

ACT,regardlessofwhethertheyearnedtheminasingletestsitting.Collegesshouldtry

hardertorecruitfromhighschoolsinpoorandruralareas,whichremainwrongly

overlooked.Andtheyshouldbemoretransparentaboutthecostofattendanceforpoor

students,whoareoftenunawareofthefinancialaidthey'reeligibletoreceive.Anumber

ofselectiveschoolshavebegunmakingprogress.Amongthe131member-institutionsof

theAmericanTalentInitiativefocusingonboostingaccessforlow-incomehigh

achievers,two-thirdshaveincreasedthenumberofstudentsreceivingPellGrantssince

2018.Eightypercentcontinuetorequireundergraduateapplicantstosubmit

standardized-testscores.Standardized-testscoresareflawed,buttheyremainan

indispensabletoolforevaluatingstudentpotential.Abandoningthemasacriterionfor

collegeadmissionswon'thelppoorstudentssucceed.

6、TheUC'sabandonmentofSATandACTscoresmay.

A、gainsupportfromhighschools

B、enhanceprestigeoftheUCsystem

C^cultivatemoreelitesforsociety

D、pushothereliteuniversitiestofollowsuit

标准答案：D

知识点解析：细节题。根据题干关键词UC和SATandACTscores可定位至笫一段

第一句，该句无法解题，继续看下文。由该段第二句中themovemaypressureother

eliteschoolstogotest-blindaswell（此举可能会迫使其他精英学校也放弃标准化考试

成绩这项入学条件）可知，D项“迫使其他精英大学效仿”是对第一段第二句的同义

替换。故本题选D。

7、AffluentstudentsperformbetterinACTandSATbecausetheycan.

A、buymoretest-preparationmaterials

B、accommodatewelltoexaminationsystem

Cxenjoymoreeducationalprivileges

D、learnhardertogethigherscores

标准答案：C

知识点解析：细节题。艰据题干关键词Affluentstudents可定位至第二段第二句，

由该句中affluentstudentsaremorelikelytopayfortest-preparationclasses,takeihe

testsmultipletimesinpursuitofhigherscores,andreceivespecial^accommodations''

forexlralimetofinishexams（富裕家庭的学生更可能会花钱上备考课，为了得到更

高的分数多次参加考试，并能得到特殊“照顾”以获得额外时间完成考试）可知，C

项“享有更多教育上的特殊待遇''是对第二段第二句的概括总结。故本题选Co

8、ThestudyinParagraph3ismentionedtoshowthat.

A、thetotalnumberofcollegeapplicationsisincreasingsharply

B、test-optionalschoolsbecomelessstrictwithapplicants

C、eliminationofscorerequirementdoesn'tbenefitpoorstudents

D^themaintenancegrantforpoorstudentsdecreasestosomeextent

标准答案：C

知识点解析：例证题。艰据题干关键词Thesludy和Paragraph3可定位至第三段第

二句，解答例证题通常需要看例子的前文。由第三段第一句there'snoevidencethat

droppingtestscoreshelpspoorstudenls［没有证据表明放弃（标准化）考试成绩对贫困学

生有什么帮助］可知，C项”取消成绩要求并没有给贫困学生带来益处”是对第三段

第一句的同义替换。故本题选C。

9、Toincreaseopportunitiesfbrpoorstudents,itisadvisableto.

A、restricttheuseofsuperscores

B>encouragethemtositmoretests

C>recruitteachersforpoorareas

D^providemorefinancialaidforthem

标准答案：A

知识点解析：细节题。艰据题干关键词increaseoppominilies可定位至第五段第一

句，但该句无法解题，需要继续查看下文。第二句举例说明如何严格限制有利于富

人分数最大化策略的规则，A项”限制使用超级分数”是对第二句的同义替换。故本

题选Ao

10、1'histextmainlydiscusseswhetherdiscardingstandardizcd-tcstscores

can.

A^unlockstudents'potential

B、easestudents'financialburden

C、raiseenrollmentrates

D、promotediverseenrollment

标准答案：D

知识点解析：主旨题。首段先介绍加州大学决定不再将标准化考试成绩作为入学条

件，末句引出作者观点：该做法虽有利于减轻高中生及其家庭负担，但不会增加生

源多样性。第二至四段论证作者的观点。第五、六两段提出解次问题的方法以及现

状。第七段总结全文，即标准化考试虽有不足，但不可或缺，若取消，则无法帮助

贫困学生入学。因此D项“促进多元化招生”是对文中第一段中increasediversityon

collegecampuses(增加大学生源的多样性)的同义替换。故本题选D。

"Ihavebeenthisclosetobuyinganursingschool."Thisisnotasentenceyouexpectto

hearfromastartupfounder.Nursingseemsaworldawayfromthehigh-techwhizziness

ofSiliconValley.And,touseaventure-capitalcliche,itdoesnotscaleeasily.Austen

Allred,bossofLambdaSchool,seesthingsdifferently.Histwo-year-oldfirmmatches

laboursupplyanddemandbyprovidingfast,efficienttrainingtopotentialemployees.It

offersfiveonlinecoursesthatpreparecandidatestowritesoftwareattechnologyfirms.

Trainingnurses,moreofwhicharesorelyneededtocareforAmerica'sageing

population,isnotanillogicalnextstep-especiallywhenmanynursingschoolshaveto

turnpeopleaway.Insteadofrespondingtothethreatofjoblessnessposedbyautomation

withauniversalbasicincome,MrAllredwantstohelppeopletoswitchjobsfaster.

Unlikemostonlinecourses,Lambdadoesnotchargestudentsinadvancetoattend

(thoughadmissionsarecompetitive)andonlinetuitionisliveandinteractive,not

recorded.Full-timestudentsattendforninemonths,MondaytoFriday,8amto5pmSan

Franciscotime.Latecomersriskfallingbehind.Inmostrecentclasses,85%ofstudents

whobeganacoursefinishedit.Theschoolonlystartsgettingpaidbackforitsservices

afteritsstudentshavelandedajobwhichpaysthemmorethan$50.00()ayear,something

Lambdaexpendssignificantenergytohelpthemdo.Around70%ofthoseenrolleddoso

withinsixmonthsofgraduation.Lambdathengetsacutofaboutasixthoftheirincome

forthenexttwoyears,untiltheyhavepaidabout$30,000.Thefirmdevotesaboutathird

ofitstimeandresourcestofindingjobsforitsgraduates,anunusuallyhighshare.

Anotherthirdgoestorecruitingstudentsandtheresttoteaching.Coursesarecreated

withemployers*requirementsinmind.Foritsweb-developmentprogramme,thelist

giventoLambdabycompaniesrunsto280items.Unlikecoding,nursingcannotbe

taughtentirelyovertheinternet,soLambdawantstocooperatewithnursingschools

acrossAmericathatcouldprovidethenecessaryhands-oninstruction.Afternursing,

Lambdaplanstoworkitswaydownthelistofprofessionswiththebiggestlabour

shortages.Itisalsoexaminingtheproblemfromtheotherside,identifyingavailablejobs

thatrequireskillsakintothoseofvictimsofautomation-truckersdisplacedbyself­

drivinglorriesorcall-centreworkersreplacedbyrobocalls.

11、AccordingtoParagraph1,LambdaSchooloffers.

hightechnology

B、labourorganisations

C、vocationalcourses

D、educationalfacilities

标准答案：C

知识点解析：细节题。根据题干关键词Paragraph1和LambdaSchool定位至第一

段第五句。该句无法解题，需继续看下文。该段第六、七、八句介绍兰姆达学校的

现状。其中第七句指出IIoffersfiveonlinecoursesthatpreparecandidatestowrite

softwareattechnologyfirms（公司目前开设了五门在线课程，将求职者培养为科技公

司的程序员），从中可以得出“兰姆达提供职业课程”的结论，C项“职业课程”为该句

的适度推断。故本题选C。

12、OnefeaturethatmakesLambdaspecialisits.

A^delayedcollectionoftuitionfees

B、highgraduationrateofstudents

C、complicatedadmissionprocess

D、tutorialclassesforlatecomers

标准答案：A

知识点解析：细节题。艰据题文同序原则和题干关健词Lambda定位至第二段第二

句。该句句首以Unlikeinslunliiiecourses引出兰姆达的与众不同之处。A项“延迟

收取学费''是对第二旬中Lambdadoesnotchargestudentsinadvancetoatlend（兰姆达

并不在开课前收取学费）的同义替换。故本题选A。

13>AccordingtoParagraph3,Lambdastrivesto.

A、improvetheenrollmentrate

B、chargegraduateslesstuitionfees

C>cutteachingcostsdramatically

D、helpgraduatesgetproperlypaidjobs

标准答案：D

知识点解析：细节题。艰据题干关键词Paragraph3和Lambdastrivesto定位至第二

段第一句。该句中提至I」ajobwhichpaysihemmorethan$50,000ayear,something

Lambdaexpendssignificantenergytohelpthemdo（为『帮学生找到一份年薪超过五

万美元的工作，兰姆达花费了大量精力），说明兰姆达致力于帮助学生找到薪资适

当的工作，D项“帮助毕业生找到薪资适当的工作”是对该句的适度推断。故本题选

Do

14>Lambdawantstocooperatewithnursingschoolsbecauseitneedsto.

A、developmoreonlinetreatmentprogrammes

B、recruitmoreexcellentmedicalteachers

C、givenursingstudentspracticalinstruction

D、increaseitsvisibilityacrossAmerica

标准答案：C

知识点解析：细节题。艰据题干关键词Lambdawantstocooperatewithnursing

schools定位至第四段第五句。C项”向护理系学生提供实践指导”是对第五句中…so

LambdawantstocooperatewithnursingschoolsacrossAmericathatcouldprovidethe

necessaryhands-oninstruction（.......因此兰姆达希望与全美各地能提供必要实操指导

的护理学校合作）的适度推断。故本题选C。

15、Accordingtothelastparagraph,Lambda'splanforthenextstepshows

that.

A、theeconomyisontheslideduetolabourshortages

B、theshrinkageofcall-centreindustryisaccelerating

C^thereisalackofjobopportunitiesinallprofessions

D^thereisalargemarketforvocationaleducation

标准答案：D

知识点解析：细节题。艰据题干关键词thelastparagraph和Lambda'splan定位至第

五段第一句，但该句无法完全解题，需结合下文。该段第一、二句介绍兰姆达的未

来发展规划,由第一句中的thelistofprofessionswiththebiggestlabourshortages（其

他劳动力最为紧缺的行业）和第二句中的availablejobsthatrequireskillsakintothose

ofvictimsofautomation1需要类似于自动化受害者所具备的技能的工作）可知，还有

很多地方需要兰姆达所提供的职业教育，言外之意即职业教育还有很大的市场，D

项“职业教育市场巨大”是对第五段的适度推断。故本题选Do

Areyousomeonewhobelievesthateducationisthegreatequalizer?Somepeoplewere.

Butnowthey'rebeingforcedtoconfronttheirperceptionsaboutAmerica'schallengesa

littledifferently.Aswithvirtuallyeverythingelse,thepandemichasactedasaspotlight,

illuminatingproblemsthathavelongexisted.Twoofthemostpowerfulrevelations:

schoolsareessentialchildcareandoureconomiescan'tfullyrecoverwithoutthem一and

theyareenginesofinequity.Whilewealthyfamiliescanovercomepubliceducation's

challengeswithtutorsorcomputers,othersmustdependontheirdistricts,whichvary

wildly.Ifwecouldfixtheseinequities,couldwefixoneofAmerica'sdeepestunderlying

challenges?Studyafterstudyhasshownthateconomicmobility——thetermusedtodefine

people'sabilitytomoveuptheeconomicladder-isashadowofwhatitwas50years

ago.Whereyouarcborn,andtowhom,determinesyoureconomicopportunityfarmore

thanitdidtwogenerationsago.Putsimply,theAmericandreamisdeliveringforfev/er

people.Sohowdowefixit?Oneanswerhadbeeneducation.ButinanarticleinThe

Atlantic,"BetterSchoolsWon'tFixAmerica,"entrepreneurNickHanauerasksan

interestingquestion:Ifpubliceducationisstruggling,thenwhyarepublicschoolstudents

inwealthyareasdoingjustfine?Thatleadstooneratherobviousconclusion:higherlocal

taxrevenuesgivethoseschoolssustainablefunding.ButMr.Hanauergoesfurther.That

higherincomeis,inmanyways,moreimportantthantheschool."Thescientificliterature

onthissubjectisrobust,andtheconsensusoverwhelming.Theloweryourparents'

income,theloweryourlikelylevelofeducationalattainment."Mr.Hanauerwrites.

"Multiplestudieshavefoundthatonlyabout20percentofstudentoutcomescanbe

attributedtoschooling,whereasabout60percentareexplainedbyfamily

circumstances—mostsignificantly,income."Inotherwords,thebesteducationalreform

mightbeputtingmoremoneyinparents'pockets—notthroughsomegovernment

programbutthroughhigherwagesandexpandedopportunity.Asoverallwagegrowth

hasstalled,withmoneyconcentratinginfewerhands,publicschoolshavefelttheeffects,

notonlyininadequatelocaltaxrevenues,butalsointheneedtoservelesseconomically

mobilefamilies.Challengesbecomedifficult.Neighborhoodslosehopeaseconomic

advancementseemsmoreremote.Theseproblemsaresharedbyallcommunitiesandall

areas.Yettheymanifestthemselvesindivisionandfinger-pointing.Foralongtime,

somethoughtthateducationwastheprimarytoolforimprovingsocietyandrepairingthe

breach.Butperhapswefirstneedtorepairthebreach—findingbelterfootingforafresh

senseoffairnessandequity—toelevateeducation.

16、AccordingtoParagraph2,theauthorholdsthatschools

A、arechallengedbytutorsandcomputers

mayhindereconomicrecovery

C^generateunfairnessinthesociety

D、areunnecessaryforwealthyfamilies

标准答案：C'

知识点解析：细节题。艰据题干关键词Paragraph2和schools定位至第二段第二

句。第二句指出了最具影响力的两个发现，C项“造成了社会的不公平”是对其中一

个发现theyareenginesofinequity（它们也是引发不平等的动力）的同义替换。故本

题选C。

17、OneofAmerica'sdeepestunderlyingchallengesis

A^thefailureofAmericandreamtodeliverbettereconomy

B、people'slackofopportunitytoahighereconomicstatus

C、thenegativeinlluenceofarecessionhalfacenturyago

D^people'sdependenceonfamilytomeettheirbasicneeds

标准答案：B

知识点解析：细节题。取据题干关键词OneofAmerica、deepestunderlying

challenges定位至第三段第一句。第一句提出问题：修正这些不公平是否就能解决

美国最深层的潜在挑战之一?下文阐述挑战的具体内容。第三段第二句中指出

economicmobility...isashadowofwhatitwas50yearsago（经济流动性...受到五十

年前的情况影响），第三、四句进一步说明“挑战”，结合第三句中Whereyouare

born,andtowhom,determinesyoureconomicopportunity（你的出生地和父母决定了

你的经济机会）和第四句中theAmericandreamisdeliveringforfewerpeople美国梦

惠及的人越来越少）可知，B项“人们缺乏获得更高经济地位的机会”是对原文的适

度推断。故本题选B。

18>NickHanauerwouldmostlikelyagreethat.

A、educationcanfixAmerica'ssocialinjustice

B、publiceducationhaslowstandardsofquality

C、schoolfundingshouldn'tbetiedtotaxrevenues

D、academicachievementisrelatedtofamilyincome

标准答案：D

知识点解析：细节题。眼据题干关键词NickHanauer和agree定位至第四段笫七、

八句。D项“学业成就与家庭收入有关''是对第四段第七句Theloweryourparents,

income,theloweryourlikelylevelofeducationalattainment（你父母的收入越低,你

可能达到的学历水平就越低）和第八句中about60percentareexplainedbyfamily

circumstances—mostsignificantly,income（大约60%得用家庭条件来解释---其中

最重要的因素是收入）的概括总结。故本题选D。

19、InParagraph5,theauthorshowshissupportfor.

A、acomprehensiveeducationalreform

B、government'sfinancialaidprogram

C、awageincreaseforworkingparents

D、moreaccesstohigh-qualityschools

标准答案：C^

知识点解析：细节题。取据题干关键词Paragraph5定位至第五段。该段首句提出

作者的观点：最好的教育改革是提高父母收入、给予父母更多机会。第二至四句指

出这样的改革目前面临的困难。C项”为工作的父母提高工资”是对第五段第一句中

puttingmoremoneyinparents,pockets（把更多的钱放到父母的口袋里）和through

higherwages（通过提高工资）的概括总结。故本题选C。

20>Whatdoesthetextmainlydiscuss?

A、Education'sinabilitytosolveinequity.

B、PerceptionsaboutAmerica'schallenges.

C>Factorsinfluencingstudentoutcomes.

D、Communityeffortstoelevateeducation.

标准答案：A

知识点解析：主旨题。文章首段引出“教育能否使众人平等”这一话题。第二段指出

此次疫情暴露出学校带来社会不平等这一问题。第三段指出美国面临的根本挑战之

一：经济流动性受家庭条件限制。第四段指出教育无法解决美国面临的挑战，真正

的影响因素在于家庭收入。第五段指出教育改革应提高父母收入、给予父母更多机

会。第六段总结全文，指出应先解决社会分歧、达到公平，从而提升教育。综上所

述，A项“教育无法解决不平等问题”是对文章主旨的概括总结。故本题选A。

Inordertowinbackoldcustomers,restaurantsandcompaniesoftenintroducenewmenu

itemsornewflavors.Mostofthesearcsuccessfulwithcustomersbecausetheyhave

alwaysbeenresearchedandtestedbycompaniesbeforetheymeetthepublic.However,

therearestillsomethataresounpopularwithcustomersandtheyfailsobadlyasa

productthattheybecomeinfamous.Oneofthemostwell-knownmarketingfailures

happenedin1985withNewCoke,asoftdrinkcreatedtoreplacetheoriginalCoca-Cola

flavor.TheCoca-ColaCompanytestedseveralnewflavorsandfoundthatpeoplealways

preferredasweetersoda.Asaresult,theCEOdecidedthatthesweetersodawould

replacetheoriginalCoca-Coladrink.Manycustomers,however,soonstartedtoexpress

theirdissatisfactionwiththenewdrink.TheCoca-ColaCompanyreceivedover1,500

angrytelephonecallseveryday.TheCoca-ColaCompanyactuallyemployedspecial

expertstotalktocustomersbecausetheyweresoangryandsadaboutthechange.Some

AmericanswerebuyingoldCoca-Coladrinksfromoverseaswherethenewdrinkhadnot

yetbeenintroduced.AndinsomepartsofAmericapeopleweresoangrythatthey

emptiedbottlesofNewCokeintothestreet.SomanypeoplewereunhappywithCoca-

Cola'snewdrinkthatthecompanydecidedonlythreemonthslatertoreturntotheold

Coca-Coladrink.OnJuly10,1985,theCoca-ColaCompanysaidthatitwouldbring

backtheoldCokeandrenamethedrink"Coca-ColaClassic"or"CokeClassic".

Thousandsofcustomersphonedthecompanytoexpresstheirsupport.Eventoday,

businessexpertsareinterestedinthiscase.EventhoughtheCoca-ColaCompanyhad

carefullytestedandexperimentedwithNewCokebeforeintroducingittocustomers,the

Newdrinkwasstillveryunpopular.So,whatdidCoca-Coladowrong?Itseemsthe

companysimplydidnotunderstandcustomers'deephistoricalandemotionalattachment

tothedrink.

21、Whydocompaniesusuallyintroducenewmenuitems?

A、Toattractoldcustomers.

B、Toattractnewcustomers.

C、Toattractyoungercustomers.

D、Toattractcustomerstonewbusiness.

标准答案：A

知识点解析：细节题。艰据题F关键词inlroducenewmenuitems定位到第一段第

一句Inordertowinbackoldcustomers,restaurantsandcompaniesoftenintroducenew

menuitemsornewflavors（为了赢回老顾客，饭店和公司经常推出新菜单或新口

味），由此可知，推出新菜单是为了吸引老顾客。A项“吸引老顾客”是对winback

oldcustomers的同义替换。故本题选A。

22、WhatisthedifferencebetweenNewCokeandtheoriginalone?

A^NewCokeissweeter.

B、NewCokeismoreacidic.

C^NewCokeisbiller.

D^NewCoke'sbottleissmaller.

标准答案：A

知识点解析：细节题。根据题干关键词difference,NewCoke和theoriginalone定

位到第二段。由第二段第二、三句TheCoca-ColaCompanytestedseveralnew

flavorsandfoundthatpeoplealwayspreferredasweetersoda.Asaresult,theCEO

decidedthatthesweetersodawouldreplacetheoriginalCoca-Coladrink（可口可乐公

司测试了几种新口味，发现人们总是更喜欢较甜的苏打水。因此，首席执行官决定

用较甜的苏打水代替原来的可口可乐饮料）可知，新可乐与原版可乐的区别是新可

乐更甜，A项“新可乐更甜”是原文中asweetersoda的同义替换。故本题选A。

23、WhatisParagraph3mainlyabout?

A、Howtomakeakindofsoftdrink.

WhytheCoca-Colaintroducedanewdrink.

C、HowcustomersrespondedtotheintroductionofNewCoke.

D、ThecomparisonbetweensalesofNewCokeandtheoriginalone.

标准答案：C

知识点解析：主旨题。第三段第一句指出Manycu3tomers,however,soonstarted

toexpresstheirdissatisfactionwiththenewdrink（然而，许多顾客很快开始对这款新

饮料表示不满），由此可推出，本段主要描述顾客对新可乐的反应。C项“新可乐

推出后顾客的反应如何”是对原文的概括总结。故本题选Co

24、WhenwasNewCokeputonthemarket?

A、InOctober1985.

B、InApril1985.

C、InJune1985.

D、InJuly1985.

标准答案：B

知识点解析：细节题。根据题文同序原则和题干关键词NewCoke定位到第四段，

由前两句SomanypeoplewereunhappywithCoca-Cola'snewdrinkthatthecompany

decidedonlythreemonthslatertoreturntotheoldCoca-Coladrink.OnJuly10,

1985,theCoca-ColaCompanysaidthatitwouldbringbacktheoldCoke（如此多的人

对可口可乐公司推出的新饮料感到不满意,所以该公司仅在二个月后决定恢复销售

经典的可口可乐。1985年7月10日，可口可乐公司表示经典的可口可乐将重返市

场）可知，新可乐于1985年4月上市，B项“1985年4月”是对原文的适度推断。

故本题选Bo

25、Whatismostlikelytobediscussedintheparagraphthatfollows?

A、ThespecificfeatureoftheNewCoke.

ThehistoryoftheCoca-ColaCompanyinthe1990s.

C、TheadjustmentfromCokeClassictoNewCoke.

D、Theimportanceofpeople'sfeelingsaboutoldproducts.

标准答案：D-

知识点解析：推断题。限据最后一段最后两句So,whatdidCoca-Coladowrong?It

seemsthecompanysimplydidnotunderstandcustomers'deephistoricalandemotional

attachmenttothedrink（那么，可口可乐公司做错了什么？这家公司似乎根本不了

解顾客对这款饮料的深厚的历史情结和情感依恋），由此可推断出，文章接下来将

讨论人们对旧款产品的情感依恋的重要性，D项“人们对旧款产品的感情的重要性”

是对原文的适度推断。故本题选D。

AftertheviolentearthquakethatshookLosAngelesin1994,earthquakescientistshad

goodnewstoreport:thedamageanddeathtoll（死亡人数）couldhavebeenmuch

worse.Morethan60peoplediedinthisearthquake.Bycomparison,anearthquakeof

similarintensitythatshookAmericain1988claimed25,000victims.Injuriesanddeaths

wererelativelylessinLosAngelesbecausethequakeoccuiredat4:31a.m.onaholiday,

whentrafficwaslightonthecity*shighways.Inaddition,changesmadetothe

constructioncodesinLosAngelesduringthelast20yearshavestrengthenedthecity's

buildingsandhighways,makingthemmoreresistanttoquakes.Despitethegoodnews,

civilengineersaren'trestingontheirsuccesses.Pinnedtotheirdrawingboardsarc

blueprints{MM）forimprovedquake-resistantbuildings.Thenewdesignsshouldoffer

evengreatersecuritytocitieswhereearthquakesoftenlakeplace.Inthepast,making

structuresquake-resistantmeantfirmyetflexiblematerials,suchassteelandwood,

whichbendwithoutbreaking.Later,peopletriedtoliftabuildingoffitsfoundation,and

insertrubberandsteelbetweenthebuildinganditsfoundationtoreducetheimpactof

groundvibrations.Themostrecentdesignsgivebuildingsbrainsaswellasconcreteand

steelsupports.Calledsmartbuildings,thestructuresrespondlikelivingorganismstoan

earthquake'svibrations.Whenthegroundshakesandthebuildingtipsforward,the

computerwouldforcethebuildingtoshiftintheoppositedirecti