大学英语六级改革适用（阅读）模拟试卷646

大学英语六级改革适用（阅读）模拟试

卷646

一、词汇理解（本题共10题，每题1.0分，共10分。）

Sevenyearsago,whenIwasvisitingGermany,Imetwithanofficialwhoexplainedto

methatthecountryhadaperfectsolutiontoitseconomicproblems.WatchingtheUS.

economy[Cl]duringthe'90s,theGermanshaddecidedthatthey,too,

neededtogothehigh-technologyroute.Buthow?Theanswerseemedobvious:Indians.

TheGermangovernmentdecidedthatitwould[C2]IndianstoGermanyjust

asAmericadoes:byofferinggreencards.OfficialscreatedsomethingcalledtheGerman

GreenCardandannouncedthattheywouldissue20,000inthefirstyear.Naturally,the

GermansexpectedthattensofthousandsmoreIndianswouldsoonbebeggingtocome,

andperhapsthe[C3]wouldhavetobeincreased.Buttheprogramwasa

failure.Ayearlaierbarelyhalfofthe20,000cardshadbeenissued.Afterafew

extensions,theprogramwas[C4].ItoldtheGermanofficialatthetimethat

Iwassurethe[C5]wouldfail.BecausetheGermanGreenCardnever,under

anycircumstances,translatedintoGermancitizenship.TheU.S.greencard,bycontrast,

isanalmost[C6]pathtobecomingAmerican(afterfiveyearsandaclean

record).Theofficial[C7]myobjection,sayingthattherewasnoway

Germanywasgoingtoofferthesepeoplecitizenship."Allweneedareyoungtech

workers/'hesaidSoGermanywasaskingbrightyoung[C9]toleavetheir

country,cultureandfamilies,movethousandsofmilesaway,learnanewlanguageand

workinastrangeland—butwithoutany[C9]ofeverbeingpartoftheirnew

home.Germanywassendingasignal,onethatwas[CIO]receivedinIndia

andothercountries,andalsobyGermany'sownimmigrantcommunity.A)abolishedE)

dwellersI)prospectM)suspicionB)automaticF)initiativeJ)quotasN)vividlyC)

clearlyG)lureK)repelledO)vulnerableD)dismissedH)professionalsL)soar

K[Cl]

标准答案：L

知识点解析：watch之后可接动词原形或分词。此处表示德国看到美国经济在90

年代……，决心也要走高科技之路。根据后文提到的德国要效仿美国，可推断美国

经济发展势头好。soar常用于经济领域，表示“快速增长”，符合此处语境。

2、[C2]

标准答案：G

知识点解析：空格前的would表明此处需填入动词原形，作谓语。根据后文提到的

tensofthousandsmoreIndianswouldsoonbebeggingtocome（成千上万印度人渴求来

德国），可推知德国人发绿卡的目的是“吸弓I”印度人来德国，lure“吸引”符合语义。

3、[C3]

标准答案：J

知识点解析：此处需填入名词，作句子主语。上文提到德国宣布在第一年要发2万

张绿卡，期望有成千上万的印度人会渴求来德国。故此处应表示德国官员认为这个

数量有可能还需增加，quotas表示“配额”，符合语境。

4、[C4]

标准答案：A

知识点解析：上文说这个项目失败了（afailure）,2万张绿卡仅签发出了一半，据此

推断此处应表示该项目被中止或取消，abolished”废止，废除''符合上下文语义,

5、（C51

标准答案：F

知识点解析：此处需填入名词，为从句的主语。谓语wouldfail（会失败）表明该名词

应指前一段所提到的iheprogram,词库中的initiative有“计划，措施”之意，可指

代“德国绿卡计划”，故正确。

6、[C6]

标准答案：B

知识点解析：此处需填入修饰path的词，由副词almost可知是形容词或分词。上

文说到德国绿卡在任何情况下都不能转化为公民身份。此处对比说明美国绿卡的不

同。automatic”自动的”与never相对应，说明美国绿卡可以在五年后让没有不良纪

录的人“自动”转为美国公民。

7、[C7]

标准答案：D

知识点解析：此处需填入谓语动词，宾语是objection（反对意见）。下文的therewas

Noway表明该官员根本就没理会“我”的反对，dismissed有“不理会，不考虑”之

意，符合语境。

8、[C8]

标准答案：H

知识点解析：空格后的their提示此处应填入名词复数形式。上文提到德国需要

techworkers（技术工人），根据空格后的内容可推断空格所填入的词就是指代tech

workers,professionals“专业人员''符合句意。德国绿卡无法让人成为公民。故排除

dwellers"居民

9、[C9]

标准答案：I

知识点解析：此处需填入名词，作wilhoul的宾语。年轻人千里迢迢来德国工作，

转折词bul表明他们却没可能成为德国的居民。故prospect”前景，可能性”符合语

境。

10、[CiO]

标准答案：C

知识点解析：空格需填入副词，修饰谓语动词Wasreceived。上文提到德国的绿卡

项目不成功，可见印度和其他国家的人对德国发出的信号很清楚，clearly符合上下

文语境。

二、长篇阅读（本题共10题，每题1.0分，共70分。）

SmotherLove[A|Everymorning,LeanneBricklandandhersisterwouldbicycleto

schoolwiththesamewordsringingintheirears:"Watchoutcrossingtheroad.Don't

speaktostrangers"."Mumwouldstandatthetopofthestepsandcallthatout/'says

Brickland,nowaprimary-schoolteacherandmotheroffourfromRotorua,NewZealand.

Substituteboxersandthongsforundies（内衣）,andthenaggingfearsthathauntparents

haven'treallychanged.Whathasaltered,dramatically,istheconfidenceweoncehadin

ourchildren'sabilitytoflingthemselvesallifewithoutagrown-upholdingtheirhands.

[B]Bytoday'sstandards,thechildhoodfreedomsBricklandtookforgrantedpractically

vergeonparentalneglect.Hermotherworked,sosheandhersisterhadakeytolet

themselvesinafterschoolandwereexpectedtodotheirhomeworkandputonthe

potatoesfordinner.Atthefamily'sbeachhousenearWellington,thetwogirls,fromthe

ageoffiveorsix,woulddisappearforhourstoplayinthelakesandsands.[C]A

generationlater,Brickland'schildrenaregrowingupinaworldmoreindulgedyetmore

accustomedtoperil.Thetechno-mindedgenerationofPlayStationkidswhocanconquer

entirearmiesandrocketthroughspacecan'tevenbetrustedtocrossthestreetalone."I

walkedorbikedtoschoolforyears,butmychildrendon't,"Bricklandadmits."Iworry

abouttheroad.Iworryaboutstrangers.InsomewaysIthinkthey'remissingout,butI

liketobeabletoseethem,toknowwheretheyareandwhatthey'redoing."[D]Callit

smotherlove,indulged-kidsyndrome,parentalneurosis（神经症）.Eventhoughtoday's

childrenhavetheuniverseattheirfingertipsthankstotheInternet,theirphysical

boundariesareshrinkingatarapidpace.AccordingtoBritishsocialscientistMayer

Hillman,achild'splayzonehascontractedsoradicallythatwe'reproducingthehuman

equivalentofhenhousechickens—plumpfromlackofexerciseandwithouttheflexibility

andinitiativeoffree-rangekidsofthepast.Thespiritofourtimesisnolongerthe

resourcefuladventurerTomSawyerbutrathertheworry-riddendadandhisstifledonly

childinFindingNemo.[E]Inshort,childrearinghasbecomeanexerciseinrisk

minimization,representedbystoriessuchasthefatherwhorefusedtoallowhisdaughter

onaschoolpicnictothebeachforfearshemightdrown.Whileit'snaturalforaparentto

wanttoprotecttheirchildrenfromdanger,youhavetowonder:Havewegonetoofar?

[F]AstudyconductedbyPaulTranter,alectureringeographyattheAustralianDefence

ForceAcademyinCanberra,showedthatwhileAustralianandNewZealandchildren

hadsimilaramountsofunsupervisedfreedom,itwasfarlessthanGermanorEnglish

kids.Forexample,onlyathirdoften-year-oldsinAustraliaandNewZealandwere

allowedtovisitplacesotherthanschoolalone,comparedto80percentinGermany.[G]

Girlswereevenmorerestrictedthanboys,withparentsfearingassaultormolestation（骚

扰），whiletrafficdangerswereseenasthegreatestthreattoboys.Bikeownershiphas

doubledinageneration,but"independentmobility"——dieabilitytoroamandexplore

unsupervised—hasradicallydeclined.InAuckland,forexample,manyprimaryschools

havedoneawaywithbicycleracksbecausethestreetsarcconsideredtoounsafe.Andin

Christchurch,NewZealand'smostbike-friendlycity,thenumberofpupilscyclingto

schoolhasfallenfrommorethan90percentinthelate1970stolessthan20percent.

Safelystrappedintothefamily4x4,childrenareinsteaddrivenfromhometotheschool

gate,thenofftoballet,soccerorswimminglessons-rarelystrayingfromwatchfuladult

eyes.[H]IntheU.S.JournalofPhysicalEducation,Recreation&Dance,NewJersey

assistantprincipalandhockeycoachBobbieSchultzwritesthatplayinginthestreetafter

schoolwithneighborhoodkids-creatingtheirownrules,makingtheirowndecisions

andsettlingdisputes-waswherethereallearningtookplace.HThestreetwasoneofthe

greatestsourcesofmyliftskills,Mshesays."Idon'tsee'on-the-streetplay'anymore.I

seeadult-organizedactivities.Parentsdon'trealizewhatanintegralpartofcharacter

developmenttheirchildrenaremissing."[I]Armoredv/ithbicyclehelmets,carseats,

"safe"playgroundsandsunscreen,childrenaregettingthemessageloudandclearthat

theworldisfullofperil-andthatthey'reill-cquippcdtohandleitalone.Yetresearch

consistentlyshowsyoungpeoplearemuchmorecapablethanwethink,saysprofessor

AnneSmith,directorofNewZealand'sChildren'sIssuesCentre."Thethingthatmany

adultshavedifficultywithisthatchildrencan'tlearntobegrown-upifthey'reexcluded

andprotectedallthetime."[J]EducationalpsychologistPaulPrangieyreckonsit'sabout

timethekidglovescameoff.Hebelievesparentinghastakenonaparanoid（患妄想狂

的）edgethat'screatingagenerationofnaive,insecureyoungsterswhoare

subconsciouslybeingtaughtthey'reincapableofhandlingthingsbythemselves.

"Flexibilityandtheabilitytoresistpressureandtemptationarelearnedskills,"Prangiey

explains."Ifyouwrapkidsupincottonwoolanddon'tgivethemtheopportunitytotake

risks,they'relessequippedtomakeresponsibledecisionslaterinlife."[K]Sadly,high-

profilecasesofchildrenbeingkidnappedandmurdered—suchasten-year-oldHolly

WellsandJessicaChapmanintheUnitedKingdom;five-year-oldChloeHosonin

Australia,whosebodywasfoundjust200metresfromwhereshelived;andsix-year-old

TeresaCormackinNewZealand,whowassnatchedoffthestreetonherwaytoschool-

onlyservetoreinforceparents*fears.TeresaCormack'sdeath,forexample,wasoneof

therareNewZealandcasesofrandomchildkidnap.InAustralia,theoddsofsomeone

undertheageof15beingmurderedbyastrangerhavebeenestimatedatoneinfour

million.[L]However,parentalfeariscontagious.InoneBritishstudy,farmorechildren

fearedanattackbyastrangerthanbeinghitbyacar."Wearelosingoursenseof

perspective,"writeJanParkerandJanStimpsonintheirparentingbook,RaisingHappy

Children."Everyparenthastonegotiatetheirownroutebetweenequippingchildrenwith

theskillstheyneedtostaysafeandnotrestrictingorterrifyingthemunnecessarilyinthe

process.'*（M|Dr.ClaireFreeman,aplanningexpertattheUniversityofOtago,pointsto

theerosionofcommunityresponsibilityasanothercasualtyofthatmutualdistrust.Not

solongago,adultsknewallthelocalkidsandweretheinformalguardiansofthe

neighbourhood."Now,particularlyifyouareaman,youmayhesitatetoofferhelptoa

lostchildforfearyourmotivesmightbequestioned."[N]Asaplannerinthemid-1990s,

Freemanbecameconcernedaboutthelossofgreenspacetodevelopmentandtheerosion

ofinformalplacestoplay.InastudythatlookedathowchildrenintheBritishcityof

Leedsspenttheirsummerholidays,comparedwiththeirparents'childhoodexperiences,

shefoundthefreedomtoexplorehadbeenseverelycontracted—insomecases,downto

thefrontyard.Freemansaysshecannotrememberbeinginsidethehouseasachild,or

beingalone.Growingupwasaboutbeingpartofagroup.Nowamotheroffour,

Freemanbelievesthe"domesticationofplay"isrobbingkidsoftheirsenseofbelonging

withinasociety.[O]Nevertheless,Freemansayschildren'sneedsarestartingtogetmore

emphasis.IntheNetherlands,child-fricndly"homezones"havebeencreatedwhere

priorityisgiventopedestiians,ratherthancars.Andpondsarebeingincorporatedback

intohousingestatesontheprinciplethatchildrenshouldlearntobesalearoundwater,

ratherthanbesurroundedbyabarrenlandscape.Afterall,asoneofthesmarterfishsays

inFindingNemo,there'soneproblemwithpromisingyourkidsthatnothingwillever

happentothem-becausethennothingeverwill.

1KToprotectchildrenfromtrafficdangers,parentsdrivetheirchildrentoschooland

otherextracurricularactivities.

标准答案：G

知识点解析：为保护孩子免遭交通意外，父母开车送孩子去学校和参加课外活动。

根据trafficdangers,drive...toschool查找到G段。本段主要讲父母对孩子交通安

全的担忧，并以骑车上学的学生的数量在减少、父母接送孩子上学为例。题目句子

是对该段末句的同义改写，extracurricularactivities"课外活动''是对原文ballet,

soccerorswimminglessons的概括。

12、Astudyfoundthatfearinganattackoutnumbersfearingbeinghitbyacaramong

children.

标准答案：L

知识点解析：一项研究发现，比起担心被汽车撞，更多的孩子担心被人袭击。根据

fearinganattack和beinghitbyacar查找到L段。该段第2句讲到,更多的孩子担

心被陌生人袭击，而H被汽车撞。题目是对该句的同义较述，动词

outnumbers”比...多'是对farmore...than的同义替换。

13、Asocialscientistindicatesthatnowadayschildren'splayzoneshaveshrunksharply,

resultingintheirlackofflexibilityandinitiativewhichfrcc-rangckidshad.

标准答案：D

知识点解析•：一位社会科学家指出，现在孩子的玩要空间急剧减少，导致他们缺少

以前自由散养的孩子们洲有的适应能力和进取心。根据socialscientist,play

zones,flexibility,initiative和free-rangekids定位至D段第3句。该句提到英国社

会科学家MayerHiHman的观点：孩子的玩要空间急剧收缩，人类自己也变得如同

养鸡场的小鸡一般——缺乏锻炼导致发胖，缺乏以前自由自在的孩子们所有的适应

能力和进取心。题目中的shrunksharply与原文contractedradically对应，结果状语

resultingin与原文介词短语without…对应。

14、Accordingtoaprimary-schoolteacherandmotheroffour,parentsnowadayshave

changedtheirconfidenceinthechildrenability.

标准答案：A

知识点解析：据一名有四个孩子的小学老师说，如今父母对孩子的能力的信心发生

了改变。根据aprimary-schoolteacherandmotheroffour定位到A段。题目是对该

段末句的近义改写，题目中的changed与原文中的altered对应。

15、Ahockeycoachpointsoutthatreallearningtakesplaceinon-thc-strcctplay.

标准答案：H

知识点解析：曲棍球教练指出在街上玩要中才能真正学到东西。根据hockey

coach,reallearning和on-the-streetplay查找至UH段。该段提到一位小学副校长、

曲棍球教练的观点，他认为孩子在街上玩耍可以学到许多技能和知识，是真正可以

学到本领的地方。题目中的on-the-streetplay对应首句中的playinginthestreet,而

reallearningtakesplace则复现了原文信息。

16、Parents'concernaboutthesafetyofchildrenisgreatlyreinforcedbycasesofchild

kidnapandmurder.

标准答案：K

知识点解析：一例例孩子被诱拐、被谋杀的案件加深了父母对孩子安全的担忧。根

据题目中的childkidnap和murder查找到K段。该段提到几个孩子被诱拐、被谋杀

的案件，指出这些报道加深父母对孩子安全的担忧。题目是对该段首句主句部分的

同义改写。

17、Parentsalmostpaynoattentiontochildhoodfreedombytoday'sstandards.

标准答案：B

知识点解析：按照现在的标准，父母几乎不关心孩子的童年自由。根据bytoday's

standards定位到B段首句。题目句子是原文的同义转述，其中almost对应

practically,paynoattention对应原文的vergeonneglecto

18、Equippedwithbicyclehelmets,carseatsetc.childrenaretaughtthattheworldis

dangerousandtheycan'tcopewithit.

标准答案：I

知识点解析：孩子们被刍行车头盔、车用专座等保护着，他们受到的教育是世界很

危险，他们无力以对。艰据bicyclehelmets,carseats查找到I段首句。equipped

with对应原文的armoredwith,jfljchildrenarctaughtthat…则对应childrenare

gettingthemessageloudandclearthat...oI段和J段表达类似的意思：父母对孩子的

过度保护无意中传达孩子没有处事能力这样的信息。虽然J段也出现了与题目主句

意思接近的表达whoarcbeingtaughtthey'reincapableof,但这是教育心理学家的观

点。而且题目中的bicyclehelmets,carseats出现在I段,因此排除J。

19、Children'sneedsgetincreasingconcernandNetherlandshastakensomemeasures

accordingly.

标准答案：0

知识点解析：孩子的需求日益得到关注，荷兰也相应采取一些措施。根据

children'sneeds和Netherlands定位至O段。本段首句讲孩子们的需求开始得到重

视。第2-3句具体举例，如划分出“家居区”、池塘被规划进了居住区。题目是对该

段1-3句的概括。

20、Aplanningexpertthinksthatlackofmutualtrustresultsintheerosionof

communityresponsibility.

标准答案：M

知识点解析：一位规划专家认为人们相互问缺少信任导致公众责任感削弱。根据A

planningexpen和erosionofcommunityresponsibility定位至M段首句。该句指出，

公众责任感的削弱是人们之间互不信任的又一牺牲品(casualty)。题目是对该句的同

义替换。

三、仔细阅读(本题共5题，每题1.0分，共5分。)

Peoplehavewonderedforalongtimehowtheirpersonalitiesandbehaviorsareformed.

It'snoteasytoexplainwhyonepersonisintelligentandanotherisnot,orwhyoneis

cooperativeandanotheriscompetitive.Socialscientistsare,ofcourse,extremely

interestedinthesetypesofquestion.Theywanttoexplainwhywepossesscertain

characteristicsandexhibitcertainbehaviors.Therearenoclearanswersyet,buttwo

distinctschoolsofthoughtonthematterhavedeveloped.Asonemightexpect,thetwo

approachesarcverydifferentfromoneanother,andthereisagreatdealofdebate

betweenproponentsofeachtheory.Thecontroversyisoftenconvenientlyreferredtoas

"nature/nurtureH.Thosewhosupportthe"nature"sideoftheconflictbelievethatour

personalitiesandbehaviorpatternsarelargelydeterminedbybiologicalandgenetic

factor.Thatourenvironmenthaslittle,ifanythingtodowithourabilities,characteristics,

andbehavioriscentraltothistheory.Takentoanextreme,thistheorymaintainsthatour

behaviorispredeterminedtosuchagreatdegreethatwearealmostcompletelygoverned

byourinstincts.Proponentsofthe''nurture"theory,or,astheyareoftencalled,

behaviorists,claimthatourenvironmentismoreimportantthanourbiologicallybased

instinctsindetermininghowwewillact.Behavioristsseehumansasbeingwhose

behaviorisalmostcompletelyshapedbytheirsuiTOundings.Theirviewofthehuman

beingisquitemechanistic;theymaintainthat,likemachines,humansrespondto

environmentalstimulias:hebasisoftheirbehavior.Thesocialandpoliticalimplications

ofthesetwotheoriesareprofound.IntheUnitedStates,forexample,blacksoftenscore

belowwhitesonstandardizedintelligenttestThisleadssome"nature,'proocnicntsto

concludethatblacksarcgeneticallyinferiortowhites.Behaviorists,incontrast,saythat

thedifferencesinscoresareduetothefactthatblacksareoftendeprivedofmanyofthe

educationalandotherenvironmentaladvantagesthatwhiteenjoy,andthat,asaresult,

theydonotdevelopthesameresponsesthatwhitesdo.Neitherofthesetheoriescanyet

fullyexplainhumanbehavior.Infact,itisquitelikely(hatthekeytoourbehaviorlies

somewherebetweenthesetwoextremes.Thatthecontroversywillcontinueforalong

timeiscertain.

21、Theauthorismainlyconcernedaboutsolvingtheproblem.

A、whyone'sbehaviorsdifferfromothers*

B、howsocialscientistsformdifferenttheories

C>whatmakesdifferentstagesofintelligence

D、whatcausesthe"nature/nurture"controversy

标准答案：A

知识点解析：原文开头两段指出作者要讨论的问题，第2段末开始从两个方面解释

该问题，末段是总结段，从文章的结构可见文章要探讨的是人类行为如何形成。从

选项来看，似乎没有一个表达此意，但首段末句和第2