大学英语六级（阅读）模拟试卷10

大学英语六级（阅读）模拟试卷10

一、阅读（选词填空）（本题共10题，每题分，共

io分。）

Itmightbesupposedthatefficiencyshouldbeachievedonlyifseveralpeoplecooperate

(osolveaproblem.Suchresultsarebynomeansinvariable.

mayincreasethemotivationoftheirmemberstodealwithproblems,thereisa

counterbalancingneedtocontendwithconflictsarisingamongmembersofagroupand

witheffortstomakeitmore[Cl].Problemsolvingisfacilitatedby(he

presenceofaneffectiveleaderwhonotonlyprovidesdirectionbut[C2]the

orderly,constructiveexpressionofvariousopinions.Althoughgroupsmayrequireless

timetodiscoverananswer,theirnetman-hourefficiencyistypically[C3]than

(hatachievedbyskilledindividualsworkingalone.Aprocesscalledbrainstorming(自由

讨论)hasbeenofferedasamethodwhichcan[C4]theproductionofnew

solutionstoproblems.Inbrainstorming,aproblemispresentedtoagroupofpeoplewho

(henproceedtoofferwhatevertheycanthinkof,regardlessofqualityandwithasfew

[C5]ascanbemanaged.Theoreticallytheseunrestrictedsuggestionsincrease

theprobabilitythatatleastsomesuperiorsolutionswillemerge.Nevertheless,studies

showthatwhenindividuals认orkaloneundersimilarconditions,performancetendsto

proceedmoreefficientlythanitdocsingroups.Underspecialcircumstances,however,a

groupmaysolveproblemsmore[C6]thanareasonablycompetentindividual

does.Groupmembersmay(C7]differentresourcestoasolutionthatno

individualcanreadilyachievealone;suchpoolingofinformaiionandskillscanmake

group[C8]superiorindealingwithselectedproblems.Whenonlyoneamong

severalalternativesolutionsiscorrect,evenifagrouprequiresmoretime,ithasahigher

[C9]ofidentifyingtherightonethandocsanindividualalone.Onedifference

betweenproblemsolvingbyagroupandbyanindividualisthatthegroupdepends

heavilyon[CIO]communication,whileindividualthroughimplicit,subjective,

silentactivity.[A]probability[B]effectively[C]refrains[D]permits[E]coherent

[F]inhibitions[G]achievements[H]higher[I]contribute[J]ampler

[K]lower[L]inefficiently[M]facilitate[N]agreements[O]verbal

1、[Cl]

标准答案：E

知识点解析：此处填形容词。句中的it指代前面出现的group。and前的内容指出

要解决团队成员之间存在的分歧。[E]coherenl可以表示相应的结果，“有凝聚力

的“。

2、[C2]

标准答案：D

知识点解析：此处填动词。notonly…bul"不仅…而且”，这就说明了but后的短语

内容与notonly后的内容意义相近，都是表现leader的积极作用；并且此句中的主

语为he,是单数，选[D]permils。

3、[C3]

标准答案：K

知识点解析：此处填形容词。than表明此处形容词应为比较级。由although表转折

关系可知，前半句指出团队工作的优点，故可知后半部分为其缺点，选[K]lower。

4、[C4]

标准答案：M

知识点解析：此处填动词。描述brainstoiming的设计意图，指的是它的积极性。

[“contribute和[K]lower在语法上与句子不搭配，选[MJfacilitate。

5、[C5]

标准答案：F

知以点解析：此处填名词。下一句的suggestions是本句中whatevertheycanthink

of的归纳总结。文中修饰suggestions为unrestricted,所以此处名词与few连用表

达的意思需要与unrestricted语义相对应，选项[F]inhibilions符合要求。

6、[C6]

标准答案：B

知识点解析：此处填副词。此句中的however引导的转折句是对上段末句的转折。

上段末句指出：研究表明在相似的条件下，有时团体工作的效率会比个人工作的效

率低，可知此处应是表达II队工作的效率高，所以选[B]effectively。

7、[C7]

标准答案：I

知识点解析：此处填动词。情态动词may后跟动词原形，选项中的动词原形有

[“contribute和[KJlower,lower也可。to搭配，但在此处'，上下文乂不符，故选

[“contribute。

8、[C8]

标准答案：G

知识点解析：此处填名词。此句同样是说明团体工作的优点，本题的关键在于在哪

些方面较好，选[G]achievements。

9、[C9]

标准答案：A

知识点解析：此处填名词。本段首句指明了整段话的主旨，即：团队工作的效率比

个人工作的效率高。因此可知此句内容也是表明团队工作的优点，由higher修

饰，并且与其搭配能表示这一优点的为选项[AJprobability。

10、[CIO]

标准答案：0

知识点解析：此处填形容词。本段句首即指出此句的中心是讲述以团队形式解决问

题和以个人形式解决问题的不同点，文中明确给出个人解决问题的方法即：通过一

种含蓄的、主观的和无声的方法，而团队的解决问题方式则是言语沟通。因此

[O]vcrbal正确。

二、短文回答（本题共20题，每题1.0分，共20分。）

Overacenturyago,AlfredRussellWallacewrotethat"weliveinazoologicallypoor

world,fromwhichallthehugest,fiercestandstrangestformshaverecentlydisappeared.

"Researchersseekingtoexplainthis"marvelousfact",asWallacecalledit,fallintotwo

camps,oneinvokingglobalclimaticchangeandtheotherhumanhuntingasthecause.

Overthepastfewdecades,thedebate

hasbecomedeadlocked,inpartbecausemostresearchershavefocusedtheirattentionon

theAmericasandnorthernEurasia,wheretheextinctionofthehuge,fierce,andstrange

creatures,suchasmammoths,andgiantslolhs（大树懒）,occurredbetween12,500and

about11,000yearsago.Thiswasatimeofrapidclimaticchange,butitwasalsowhen

humansfirstarrivedintheseregions,makingitdifficulttodiscerncausality.Australia

providestheonlyseparate,continent-sizednaturallaboratoryinwhichdramatic

Quaternaryextinctionsoccurred.Itisthusofexceptionalimportanceasatestingground

forextinctiontheories,butuntilnowproblemswithdatinghavelimiteditspotential.

MillerandsomepeoplehavenowdocumentedtheextinctionofthegiganticAustralian

birdandsohavebrokennewgroundindatinghugecreaturesextinctioninAustralia.At

thesametime,theseauthorshavebrokenthecurrentdeadlockinthegreathugecreature

extinctiondebate.Ithaslongbeenappreciatedthat（heintensityofQuaternaryextinctions

variedgreatlyaroundtheworld.Intheoceans,Africa,andSoutheastAsia,theywere

nonexistentormild.Europeexperiencedmoderateextinctionrates,whereasthe

Americas,Australia.Madagascar,andmanyOceanicislandssuffereddramatic

extinctions.NorthAmericalost73%ofallformsweighingmore（han44kg,but

Australiasufferedthemostseverelyofallthecontinents,losingeveryterrestrial

vertebrate（脊椎动物）specieslargerthanahuman,aswellasmanysmallermammals,

reptiles,andflightlessbirds,thelatterdowntoaboutakilograminweight.Inall,about

60vertebratespecieswerelost,includingbizarremarsupials（有袋类动物）thatresembled

giantsloths,kangaroos,andaterrestrialhornedtortoisethatapproachedthesizeofa

VolkswagenBeetlecar.Establishingjustwhenthisbizarrearrayofcreatureslasttrod

Australia'soutbackhasbeenanintricatebusiness,withmanyfalseleadsandsitesthatare

difficulttointerpret.Fordecades,itwasbelievedthatthehugecreaturessurviveduntil

closetothetimeoftheglacialmaximum,some20,000yearsago,whentemperatures

wereupto9tcoolerthanatpresentandthecontinentwasextremelyarid.Conditions

weresoextremethattreesvinuallydisappearedfromtheinland,and40%ofAustralia

wastransformedintoavastactivedunefield.

11>AlfredRussellWallacethoughtourworldiszoologicallypoorbecauseof.

标准答案：thedisappearingofthehugest,fiercestandstrangestforms

知识点解析：根据磁索词zoologicallypoor定位在第一段第一句话上，文中说我们

生活在一个物种数量减少的时代，所有那些最大、最凶猛、最奇怪的物种近来都从

世界上消失了…，本题将原文中的fromwhich…非限制性定语从句转化成一个原因

状语，需用disappear的动名词形式。

12、Thedifficultyindiscerningthedirectcauseofthehugecreatures'extinction

in______hasmadethedebatedeadlocked.

标准答案：theAmericasandnorthernEurasia

知识点解析：文中说这种争辩已陷于僵局，部分是因为大多数研究者将注意力集中

于美洲和欧亚大陆的北部，那里，动物灭绝的时候也是人类首次涉足的时候，故导

致动物灭绝的原因究竟是气候还是狩猎无法说清楚。根据介词in判断这里填地

点°

13、TheevidencefoundbyMillerandotherpeoplemadeprogressin.

标准答案：datinghugecreatureextinctioninAustralia

知识点解析：根据线索词Miller定位在第二段。文中说米勒等人现在已经为澳大利

亚巨鸟的灭绝提供了详实的证据，因而使鉴定澳大利亚大型动物群灭绝时间的研究

有了独到的见解。题干中fttmadeprogress和文中的havebrokennewground是同义

转述。

14^Before(heQuaternaryextinction,(herelivedwhoseweightwasdowntoa

kilograminAustralia.

标准答案：manysmallermammals,reptilesandflightlessbirds

知识点解析：根据线索词downloakilogram定位在第三段第五句话上。文中说澳

大利亚在第四纪灭绝时失去了很多物种，其中包括小型的体重在1千克左右的哺乳

动物、爬行动物及不能飞的鸟类，由此知答案。

15、Inthelastparagraph,theauthorseemstobemoreagreeabletotheideathat

causedtheextinctionofhugecreaturesinAustralia.

标准答案:globalclimaticchange

知识点解析：从文中最后一段得知，澳大利亚在冰河极盛期时气候发生了巨大变

化，这导致了陆地很大一部分变成了沙丘活动的荒野，故看出作者倾向于将大型动

物的灭亡归因于气候的变化。

AccordingtoascientificstudypublishedinApril,2007,birdshaveshowntheycanplan

forafuturestateofmind.Hivingupprovisionsforfutureuseisnotuniquetohumans.

Birds,squirrelsandmonkeysdoit.Buttheabilitytothinknotjustabouttomorrow,butto

realizehowtomorrow'sfeelingsmightdifferfromtoday's,wasthoughttobe(hepreserve

ofpeople.RecentlyresearchersdemonstratedthatWesternscrub-jays(灌木松鸦)，atype

ofcrow,candoittoo.The

researchers,ledbyNickyClaytonoftheUniversityofCambridge,wantedtotestanidea

proposedbyWolfgangKohler,NorbertBischofandDorisBischof-Kohler,threeGerman

psychologists.TheBischof-Kohlerhypothesissaysthatonlyhumanscanmentally

separatethemselvesfromwhattheyareexperiencingtoconceivehowtheymightfeel

aboutfutureevents.Totestwhetherthisisso,Dr.Claytonandhercolleaguessoughtto

teaseapartscrub-jays'momentarydesiresfromtheirplanningforfutureneeds.Theylet

thebirdseatasmuchofonefoodastheywanted,exploitingaconditioncalledspecific

saliely（饱足）--oncethebirdsarefullofonefood,theyshowstrongpreferencefor

somethingdifferent.Theythenofferedthebirdsthatsamefoodorasecondonetostore

forlater.Initiallythescrub-jaysbehavedaspredicted,choosingtohiveawaythesecond

food,whichtheyhadnotjusteaten.Butminutesbeforeallowingthebirdstorecover

theirstorage,theresearchers:cdthebirdstosatietywiththatsecondfood—theonethey

hadalreadystored.Thebirdschangedtheirstoringpreferencesontheverynexttrial.

Eventhoughtheyhadjusthadtheirfillofthefirstfood,theystillstoreit,presumably

becausetheythoughtitwouldbetheirpreferredchoicelater.Thefindingmattersbecause

thebirdsseemtoplanaheadforwhattheywillwantlater,eventhoughtheirchoice

conflictswithwhattheywantnow.Itcouldpromptareassessmentofhowanimals

perceivetheworldaround（hem.

16、Recentresearchshowsthatbirdshavetheabilitytoarrangefor.

标准答案：afuturestateofmind

知识点解析：第一段首句指出调查发现鸟类表现出它们能够为将来要得到的感受进

行提早的计划安排。arrangefoi■对应文中的planfor,直接摄取答案。

17、ThepurposeofthercscaichconductedbyDr.Claytonandherteamisto.

标准答案：lesltheBischof-Kohlerhypothesis

知识点解析：由线索词Dr.Clayion定位至第二段，文中说比斯克赫夫•柯和勒假想

指出…，Clayton博士为了验证这一假想开始了实验，这也就是实验的目的。

18、Theresearcherswantedtoemploycertainmethodstoseparatethescrub-jays'

presentdesiresfromtheirthinkingfor.

标准答案：futureneeds

知识点解析：由信息词presentdesires定位至第三段第一句，为了证明事实如何，

研究人员试图理清灌木松鸦的瞬间欲望与为将来做计划的区别。题干中的

separate…from是对原文中的tease叩art…from的同义转述，由此得出答案。

19、Whatwasthescrub-jays'momentarydesireaftertheyateonefoodtothesatiety

condition?

标准答案：Theyshowedstrongpreferenceforsomethingdifferent

知识点解析：由信息词satietycondition定位在第三段，第二句说实验人员让这些

灌木松鸦进入到一种特饱的状态—只要这些鸟饱食一种食物，那它们就会对另外

不同的东西表现出一种强烈的喜爱。由此可以直接获取答案。

20Thefindingon（hescrub-jays*behaviormakeustheanimals5thinking.

标准答案：reassess

知识点解析：由线索词finding定位至最后一段，文中说这项实验证实了鸟类似乎

能够对未来之需未雨绸缪，但这意义之深远并非如此，这一实验也提示了人们要重

新估量动物是如何感知这个世界的。根据语法要求将名词reassessment变为动词

reassess即可。

Sincethedawnofhumaningenuity（独仓帷）,peoplehavedevisedevermorecunning

toolstocopewithworkthatisdangerous,boring,burdensome,orjustplainnasty.That

compulsionhasresultedinrobotics—thescienceofconferringvarioushuman

capabilitiesonmachines.Asaresult,themodernworldisincreasinglypopulatedby

intelligentgizmos（发明）whosepresencewebarelynoticebutwhoseuniversalexistence

hasremovedmuchhumanlabor.Ourbankingisdoneatautomatedtellerterminalsthat

thankuswithmechanicalpolitenessforthetransaction.Andthankstothecontinual

miniaturizationofelectronicsandmicro-mechanics,therearealreadyrobotsystemsthat

canperformsomekindsofbrainandbonesurgerywithsub-millimeteraccuracy.

Butifrobotsarctoreachthenextstage

oflaborsavingutility,theywillhavetooperatewithlesshumansupervisionandbeable

tomakeatleastafewdecisionsforthemselves."Whileweknowhowtotellarobotto

handleaspecificerror,"saysDaveLavery,managerofaroboticsprogramatNASA,"

wecan'tyetgivearobotenough'commonsense'toreliablyinteractwithadynamic

world."Indeedthequestfortrueartificialintelligencehasproducedverymixedresults.

Despiteaspellofinitialoptimisminthe1960sand1970swhenitappearedthattransistor

circuitsandmicroprocessors'(微型处理器)mightbeabletocopytheactionofthehuman

brainbytheyear2010,researcherslatelyhavebeguntoextendthatforecastbydecadesif

notcenturies.Whattheyfoundisthatthehumanbrain'sroughlyonehundredbillion

nervecellsarcmuchmoretalentedthanpreviouslyimagined.Theyhavebuiltrobotsthat

canrecognizetheerrorofamachinepanelbyafractionofamillimeterinacontrolled

factoryenvironment.Butthehumanmindcanglimpsearapidlychangingsceneand

immediatelydisregardthe98percent(hatisirrelevant,instantlyfocusingonthemonkey

at(hesideofawindingforestroad.ThemostadvancedcomputersystemsonEarthcan't

approachthatkindofability,andneuroscientistsstilldon'tknowquitehowwedoit.

21Thecontinualminiaturizationofelectronicsandmicro-mechanicsenablesrobot

systemstobeappliedinsomesurgerieswithveryhigh.

标准答案：accuracy

知识点解析：第一段最后一句指出，由于电子设备的小型化和微型机械的持续发

展，我们已经有了能够进行某些脑部和骨骼手术的机器人系统，其工作精确度可达

到次毫米。由此看出精确度(accuracy)很高。

22、DaveLaverysuggestswecannotdesignarobotthatrespondstothedynamic

world.

标准答案：reliably

知识点解析：根据关键词DaveLavery,定位到第三段，但是我们仍然不能给机器

人足够的“常识”，使它能够可靠地和一个动态的社会交流。respondsI。对应原文的

interactwith,答案为reliably“可靠地

23、Itmaybethatby2010,theactionofhumanbraincanbecopiedbytransistor

circuitsandmicroprocessors.

标准答案：impossible

知识点解析:根据关键词2010利theactionofhumanbrain可在第四段第.句找到

对应。原文末句指出，人们预计到2010年晶体管电路和微型处理器能够复制人类

大脑，但是toextendthatforecastbydecadesifnotcenturies表明原来预测的时间由

于某些原因推后了，即到2010年成功复制人类大脑活动是不能实现的。

24Thetalentofthehasbeenlargelyunderestimatedbyresearchersbefore.

标准答案：nervecells

知识点解析：第五段首句指出研究人员发现人类大脑有约一千亿个神经细胞，它们

的能力远超过先前想象的，故可知神经细胞的能力之前被低估了。

25、Facingwitharapidlychangingscene,even(hemostadvancedrobotcannotquickly

findinformationthatitneeds.

标准答案：rclcvcnt

知识点解析：根据关键词nipidlychangingscene,找到原文最后一段，人脑对于快

速转换的画面，只需瞥一眼就能立刻忽略掉98%的无关(irrelevam)信息，马上将目

光聚集到蜿蜒的森林小路旁的那只猴子身上。而地球上最先进的计算机系统也不具

备这种能力，这种能力指的就是人具有忽略无关信息，并快速定位相关信息的能

力，所以答案为文中irrelevant的反义词relevant。

Almosteveryonewithorwithoutacomputerisawareofthelatesttechnological

revolutiondestinedtochangeforeverthewayinwhichhumanscommunicate,namely,

theInformationSuperhighway,bestexemplifiedbytheuniversalInternet.Already,

millionsofpeoplearoundtheworldarelinkedbycomputersimplybyhavingamodem

andanaddressonthe"Net",inmuchthesamewaythatowningatelephonelinksusto

almosteveryonewhopaysaphonebill.Infact,sincethecomputerconnectionsarcmade

viathephoneline,theInternetcanbeenvisagedasnetworkofvisualtelephonelinks.It

remainstobeseeninwhichdirectiontheInformationSuperhighwayisheaded,butmany

believeitistheeducationalhopeoffuture.

TheWorldWideWeb,an

enormouscollectionofInternetaddressesorsites,allofwhichcanheaccessedfor

information,hasbeenmainlyresponsiblefortheincreaseintheInternetinthe1990s.

BeforetheWorldWideWeb,the"Net"wascomparabletoanintegratedcollectionof

computerizedtypewriters,buttheintroductionofthe"Web"in1990allowednotonly

(extlinkstobemadebutalsographsandevenvideo.Awebsiteconsistsofa"home

page",thefirstscreenofaparticularsiteonthecomputertowhichyouareconnected,

fromwhereaccesscanbehactoothersubjectrelated"pages"(orscreens)althesiteand

onthousandsofothercomputersallover(heworld.Thisisachievedbyaprocesscalled

"hypertext".Byclickingwithamousedeviceonvariouspartsofthescreen,aperson

connectedtothe"Net"cangotraveling,orsurfingthroughawebofpagestolocate

whateverinformationisrequired.Anyonecansetupas