大学英语四级模拟试卷299

大学英语四级模拟试卷299

一、作文(本题共/题，每题上0分，共1分。)

1、Forthispart,youarcallowed30minutestowriteacompositiononthetopic:Should

PrivateCarsBeEncouragedinChina?Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsfollowingthe

oullinegivenbelowinChinese.1.在中国，私人汽车拥有量在增加2.有些人赞成拥

有私人汽车，有些人反对拥有私人汽车3.你的观点

标准答案：ShouldPrivateCarsBeEncouragedinChina?AsChinahasgreatly

developedbothinindustryandineconomy,thenumberofpeoplewhoownprivatecars

isontherise.Andtherearctwodifferentviewsonthisphenomenon.Somepeopleargue

thatprivatecarscanbringconvenienceandmobilitytotheowners.Ifmorepeoplebuy

cars,automobileindustrywilldevelopdramatically.What'smore,thegrowthof

automobileindustrycan(rigger(heboomofotherimportantindustriessuchasironand

steel,energyandtechnologicalapplication.Inshort,theyare:nfavorofdeveloping

privatecars.However,othersholdthatautomobileswillgiverisetoaseriesofproblems

suchasmoreseriousenvironmentalpollution,moretrafficaccidentsandmoreenergy

consumption.Resides,thereare1.2billionpeopleinChina.Ifeveryfamilyownsacar,

therewouldbetoomanycarsrunningonthisland,whichwillcertainlyleadtotraffic

congestionandposethreattotheexistenceofpeople.Therefore,theyareagainst

developingprivatecarsinChina.

知识点解析：暂无解析

二、快速阅读理解(本题共10题，每题分，共10

分。)

TheIllusionofProgress—byLesterR.BrownLesterR.Brownisaseniorresearcherat

theWorldwatchInstitute,whicheveryyearsince1984hasproducedavolumeaboutthe

StateoftheWorld.Eachyear,thisbookupdatesinformationonpoverty,overpopulation,

airandwaterquality,agriculturalland,andotherworldcondi:ions.Arespected

sourcebook,itisconsultedbytheUnitedNationsandotherorganizationsconcerned

aboutprotectingourworldenvironment.Thefollowingreadingisanexcerptfrom(he

firstchapterofStaleoftheWorld.1992.Foraboutfour-fifthsofhumanbeingsborn

sinceWorldWarH,lifehasseemedtobeatimeofcontinuouseconomicprogress.The

globaleconomicproductionisaboutfivetimeslargerthanitwasin1950.Theincreasein

economicgrowtheverytenyearshasbeensimilartotheincreasefromthebeginningof

civilizationuntil1950.Worldfoodproductionhasalsoincreasedagreatdeal.Thiswasa

resultofincreaseddemandcausedbypopulationgrowthandrisingwealth,andwasmade

possiblebymoderntechnology.Theworld'sgrainharvestis2.6limeslarger(hanitwas

in1950.Noothergenerationofhumanbeingshasseensuchlargegainsinproduction.

Suchgainswouldseemtobeacauseforcelebration,butinstead(hereisasenseof

illusion,afeelingthatnotsomuchprogresshasbeenmade.Onereasonforthisisthat

oursystemofnationalaccountingusedtomeasureprogressconsidersthelossinvalueof

factoriesandequipment,butdocsnotconsidertheusingupofnaturalresources.Since

mid-century,theworldhaslostnearlyone-fifthofthetopsoilfromitscroplands,afifth

ofitstropicalrainforests,andtensofthousandsofitsplantandanimalspecies.During

thissameperiod,atmosphericcarbondioxide(CO<|'^>2)levelshaveincreasedby13

percent,causinghottersummers.Theprotectiveozone(MM)layerinthestratosphere

hasdecreasedby2percentworldwideandfarmoreoverAntarctica.Deadlakesand

dyingforestshaveresultedfromindustrialization.Historiansinthetwenty-firstcentury

mayadmireoureconomicperformance—butregrettheenvironmentalconsequences.

Throughoutourlifetimes,economictrendshaveshapedenvironmentaltrends,often

affectingtheearth'snaturalresourcesandsystemsinwaysnotclearatthetime.Now,as

weenterthenineties,thereverseisalsobeginningtohappen:environmentaltrendsare

beginningtoshapeeconomictrends.Environmentaldamagetotheplanetisbeginningto

affectharvestsoffood.Theeffectsoflosing24billiontonsoftopsoileachyeararebeing

feltinsomeoftheworld'smajorfood-producingregions.Recentstudiesindicatethatair

pollutionisdamagingcropsinbothauto-ccntcrcdeconomiesoftheWestandcoal­

burningeconomiesoftheEast.Meteorologistscannotyetbecertain,butthehotter

summersanddecreasedrainfalloftheeightiesmaybeearlyindicationsofthegreenhouse

effect.Environmentaldamageundoubtedlywasacauseofslowergrowthinworldgrain

productionduring(heeighties.Thedoublingofgrainoutputmentionedaboveoccurred

between1950and1984;sincethen,therehasbeennosignificantincrease.The1989

estimatedharvest(1.67billiontons)wasuponlyipercentfromthatof1984,which

meansthatgrainoutputperpersonisdownnearly7percent.Largeamountsofpreviously

storedfoodhave,beenusedup.Insomeareas,peoplehaveconsumedlessfood.

Althoughfiveyearsisnotlongenoughtoindicatealong-termtrend,thisdoesshowthat

theworld'sfannersarcfindingitmoredifficulttokeepupwithgrowthinpopulation.

NowhereisthisclearerthaninAfrica,wherethecombinationofhighpopulationgrowth

anddamagetocroplandsisdecreasinggrainproductionperperson.Adropof20percent

inproductionfrom1967haschangedthecontinentintoagrainimporter,causedan

increaseintheregion'sforeigndebt,andleftmillionsofAfricanshungryandphysically

weakened.Ina1991report.WorldBankeconomistsdescribedthecontinuationofrecent

trendsasa"nightmarescenario"InbothAfricaandLatinAmerica,foodconsumption

perpersonislowertodaythanitwaswhenthedecadebegan.Infantdeathrates—agood

indicatorofmalnutrition—appeartohaveincreasedinmanycountriesinAfricaand.

LatinAmerica,reversingtheprevioustrendofdecrease.Nationsinwhichtherearedata

(oindicatethisriseininfantdeathrateincludeBrazil,theDominicanRepublic,El

Salvador,Ghana,Madagascar,Mexico,Peru,Uruguay,andZambia.

2、ThisessayistakenfromtheStateoftheWorld,asourcebookpublishedbytheUnited

Nations,whichupdatesinformationeachyearonsuchworldconditionsaspoverty,

overpopulation,airandwaterqualityandagriculturalland.

A、Y

B、N

C、NG

标准答案：B

知识点解析：暂无解析

3、Thelatterpariofthe20lhcenturyhasseenacontinuousincreaseineconomicgrowth,

butsuchachievements,accordingtoL.R.Brown,donotnecessarilymakeupacausefor

celebration.

A、Y

B、N

C、NG

标准答案：B

知识点解析：暂无解析

4、Themainmeasureofeconomicgrowthisfaultyinthatoursystemofnational

accountingincludesonlylossinvalueoffactoriesandequipmentbutdocsnotconsider

lossofnaturalresourcesasanegativefactor.

A、Y

B、N

C、NG

标准答案：A

知识点解析：暂无解析

5、Withanincreaseinworldfoodproduction,peopleinAfricaandLatinAmericatoday

eatmoreloudthantheydidadecadeago.

A、Y

B、N

C、NG

标准答案：B

知识点解析：暂无解析

6^Scientistsingeneralbelievethatcroplands,forests,andgrasslandswillsupply

enoughrawmaterials,food,andfueltoguaranteefurthereconomicgrowthintheyearsto

come.

A、Y

B、N

C、NG

标准答案：C

知识点解析：暂无解析

7^Accordingtoourcurrentwayofaccounting,countriesthatover-cutforestsaredoing

bettereconomicallythancountriesthatkeepthesamenumberoftrees.

A、Y

B、N

C、NG

标准答案：C

知识点解析：暂无解析

8、Sincetheearly1990senvironmentaltrendshavestartedtoaffectoureconomic

(rends,withtheeffectsoflosinglargeamountsoftopsoilbeingfelt.

A、Y

B、N

C、NG

标准答案：A

知识点解析：暂无解析

9、Meteorologistssuspectthatthehottersummersanddecreasedrainfallofthe1980s

mightbe.

标准答案：earlyindicationofthegreenhouseeffect

知识点解析：暂无解析

10>Thisessayismainlyconcernedwith.

标准答案：thecarelessconsumptionofnaturalresourcesanditsnegativeconsequences

知识点解析：暂无解析

11、Bythe"IllusionofProgress"theauthormeans(hat.

标准答案：thecurrentwayofevaluatingacountry'scconotr.yproducesamisleading

senseofecononiichealth

知识点解析：暂无解析

三、听力短对话(本题共8题，每题上0分，共8分。)

12、

A、At4:15.

B、At4:00.

C、At4:45.

D、At5:00.

标准答案：A

知识点解析：暂无解析

13、

A^Helltryhardtoattendtheconference.

B、Hehastogosomewhereelse.

C、Hedoesn'tlikecommitments.

D^Hehasforgottentheconferencecall.

标准答案：B

知识点解析：暂无解析

14、

A^Heisworkinginahospital.

B、Heisdoingbusinesswithhisbrothernow.

C、HeisgoingtograduatefromcollegeinJuly.

D、Heisgoingtodobusinesswithhisbrother.

标准答案：B

知识点解析：暂无解析

15、

A^Restafewhours.

B、Gototheconcertimmediately.

C^Sendane-mail.

D、Gotogetsometicketsfortheconcert.

标准答案：A

知识点解析：暂无解析

16、

A、Atthehotel.

B、At(herailwaystation.

C、Attheairport.

D、Atthecinema.

标准答案：C

知识点解析：暂无解析

17、

A、Lisaishavingahardtimeinschool.

B、Lisaisexpectingababy.

C、Lisaisoftenverytired.

D、Lisaisverybusythisterm.

标准答案：D

知识点解析：暂无解析

18、

A、$6.80.

B、$7.20.

C、$6.30.

D、$3.15.

标准答案：C

知识点解析：暂无解析

19、

A^Itranintoanothercar.

B、Itfellintoariver.

C、Itwasbadlydamaged.

D、Itlefttheroadandlandedinafield.

标准答案：D

知识点解析：暂无解析

四、听力长对话（含3小题）（本题共3题，每题1.0

分，共3分。）

20、

A、Theclasswasaddedatthelastminutealtherequestofmanystudents.

B、Manyofthestudentsdroppedtheclassthefirstdayitopened.

C、Asignatureoftheteacherwasrequiredfortheregistrationoftheclass.

D、Itwasacompulsoryclassforcollegeseniorstudents.

标准答案：A

知识点解析：暂无解析

21、

A、Hefailedtogettheteacher'ssignatureintime.

B、liegotsickthenextday.

C、Hedidnot（urnintheaddslipthefirstdaytheclassopened.

D、Hetooktoomanyclasses.

标准答案：C

知识点解析：暂无解析

22、

A、Hewasdroppedfromaclasshereallyliked.

B、Therequirementsfortheclasswereridiculous.

C、Theteacherrefused（otakeintoconsiderationhisspecialcondition.

D、Hecouldnotcarryouthi$plansasexpected.

标准答案：D

知识点解析：暂无解析

五、听力长对话（含4小题）（本题共4题，每题7.0

分,共4分。）

23、

A^Heisapplyingforajobatasummercamp.

B、Histelephoneisoutoforder.

C、HeiswritingacharacterreferenceforBen.

D^HeisreplyingtoBen'sletter.

标准答案：C

知识点解析：暂无解析

24、

A^Benwoulddoabetterjobinarestaurant.

B、ItisnotworthwhiletowriteareferenceforBen.

C、Benwillonlydothethingsheenjoys.

D、Thoughatroublemaker,Benoftengetsalongwithchildrenwell.

标准答案：B

知识点解析；暂无解析

25、

A^Heisconceited.

B、Helikestoplaypracticaljokes.

C、Hehales(odowhathedislikes.

D、Alloftheabove.

标准答案：D

知识点解析：暂无解析

26、

A、Petertriestopresentapositivereference.

B、PeterwillgiveatruepictureofBeninthereference.

C、Peterwillnotwritethecharacterreference.

D、Benwillgetthejobatachildren'ssummercamp.

标准答案：A

知识点解析：暂无解析

六、听力复合式听写(本题共〃题，每题7.0分，共

〃分。)

Let'sproceedtothemainexhibithallandlookatsomeoftheactualvehiclesthatplayeda

[Bl]roleinspeedingupmail[B2].Considerhowlongitusedtotake

tosendaletteracrossa[B3]shortdistance.Backinthe160Os,ittooktwo

weeksonhorsebacktogetaletterfromBostontoNewYork,adistanceofabout260

miles.Crossingariverwasalsoa[B4].Ferryservicewasso[B5]

thatacarrierwouldsometimeswaithoursjusttocatchaferry.Forjourneys

inland(herewasalwaysastagecoachbuttheridewasbynomeans[B6]

becauseithadtobesharedwithotherpassengers.Thepostofficewaspretty

[B7]aboutsomeways.Inthe19thcentury,inthesouthwestern[B8],

forinstance,camelswerebroughtinhelptogeimailthrough.InAlaska,reindeerwere

used.(44)We'llstophereaminutesothatyoucanenterthisreplicaofarailwaymail

Car.[BIO].Infact,theUnitedStatestransportedmostbulkofmailbytrainfor

nearly100years.Thefirstairmailservicedidn'tstartuntil19：8.Pleasetakeafew

momentsto100karound.Ihopeyou'llenjoyyourtour.Andasyoucontinueonyour

own,mayIsuggestyouvisitourimpressivephilatelic（集邮的）collection?[Bl1]

27、[Bl]

标准答案：prominent

知识点解析：暂无解析

28、[B2]

标准答案：delivery

知识点解析：暂无解析

29、[B3]

标准答案：relatively

知识点解析：暂无解析

30、[B4]

标准答案：challenge

知识点解析：暂无解析

31、[B5]

标准答案：irregular

知识点解析：暂无解析

32、[B6]

标准答案：comfortable

知识点解析：暂无解析

33、[B7]

标准答案：ingenious

知识点解析：暂无解析

34、[B8]

标准答案：desert

知识点解析：暂无解析

35、[B9]

标准答案：Thispracticewasdiscontinuedbecauseofthedisagreeabletemperofthese

animals

知识点解析：暂无解析

36、[BIO]

标准答案：Itwasduringtheageoftheironhorsethatdeliveryreallystartedtopickup

知识点解析：暂无解析

37、[BI1]

标准答案：Notonlycanyoulookatsomeofthemoreunusualstampsissuedbutthere's

aninterestingexhibitonhowstampsaremade

知识点解析：暂无解析

七、阅读(选词填空)(本题共10题，每题分，共

10分。)

Inthesamewaythatachildmustbeabletomovehisarmsandlegsbeforehecanlearn

towalk,thechildmustphysiologically(在生理学方面)be[SI]ofproducing

andexperiencingparticularemotionsbeforetheseemotionscanbe[S2]through

learning.Psychologistshavefoundthattherearctwobasic[S3]bywhich

learningtakesplace.Onekindoflearningiscalled"classicalconditioning."Thisoccurs

whenoneeventorstimulusis[S4]pairedwith,orfollowedby,arewardor

[S5].Itisthroughclassicalconditioningthatachildlearnsto(S61his

mother'sfaceandvoicewithhappinessandlove,forhelearns(hatthispersonprovides

foodandcomfort.Negativeemotionsarclearnedinasimilar[S7]Thesecond

kindoflearningiscalled"operantconditioning.nThisoccurswhenanindividuallearns

todothingsthatproducerewardsinhis[S8]andleainsnottodothingsthat

producepunishments.Forexample,ifamotheralways[S9]toherbabywhen

hecriesandcuddles(搂抱)himuntilheisquiet,shemayteachhimthatifhecrieshe

willgetattentionfrommother.Thus,thebabywilllearntoincreasehiscryinginorderto

havehismothermore.Everyday,wegrowandhavenewexperiences.Weconstantly

learnbyreading,watchingtelevision,[S10]withotherpeople,andsoforth.

Thislearningaffectsouremotionsandleadsustolikesomepeopleanddislikeothers.A)

personageB)interactingC)fashionD)associateE)occasionallyF)adheresG)modified

H)capableI)improvedJ)precessesK)consistentlyL)appreciationM)attendsN)

punishmentO)environment

38、[SI]

标准答案：H

知识点解析：暂无解析

39、[S2]

标准答案：G

知识点解析：暂无解析

40、[S3]

标准答案：J

知识点解析：暂无解析

41、[S4]

标准答案：K

知识点解析：暂无解析

42、[S5]

标准答案：N

知识点解析：暂无解析

43、[S6]

标准答案：D

知识点解析：担无解析

44、[S7]

标准答案：C

知识点解析：暂无解析

45、[S8]

标准答案：0

知识点解析：暂无解析

46、[S9]

标准答案：M

知识点解析：暂无解析

47、[S10]

标准答案：B

知识点解析：暂无解析

八、阅读（常规阅读理解）（本题共I。题，每题

分，共10分。）

Emotionalintelligenceskillsaresynergistic（起协同作用的）withcognitiveones:top

performershaveboth.Themorecomplexthejob,themoreemotionalintelligencematters

ifonlybecauseadeficiencyintheseabilitiescanhindertheuseofwhatevertechnical

expertiseorintellectapersonmayhave.Take,forexample,anexecutivewhohadjust

beenbroughtintorunaS65million,familyownedbusiness,thefirstpresidentfrom

outsidethefamily.Aresearcher,usinganinterviewmethodtoassesstheexecutive's

abilitytohandlecognitivecomplexity,determinedhiscapacitywastheveryhighesta

"levelsix,"someonesmartenough,theoretically,tobeCEOofaglobalfirmorheadofa

country.Butduringthatinterviewtheconversationturnedtowhyhehadtoleavehis

previousjob:Hehadbeenfiredbecausehehadfailedtoconfrontsubordinatesandhold

themresponsiblefortheirpoorperformance."Itwasstillanemotionaltriggerforhim/'

theresearchertoldme."Hisfacegotredandflushed,hestartedwavinghishands—he

wasclearlyagitated.Ituirnedout(hathisnewboss—theownerofthecompany—had

criticizedhimthatverymorningforthesamething,andhewentonandonabouthow

harditwasforhimtoconfrontlow-performingemployees,especiallywhentheyhad

beenwiththecompanyforalongtime."And,theresearchernoted,"Whilehewasso

upsethisabilitytohandlecognitivecomplexity—toreason—plummeted(骤降)In

short,out-of-controlemotionscanmakesmartpeoplestupid.Theaptitudesyouneedto

succeedstartwithintellectualhorsepower—butpeopleneedemotionalcompetence,too,

togetthefullpotentialoftheirtalents.Thereasonwedon'tgetpeople'sfullpotentialis

emotionalincompetence.

48、Thispassagemainlydiscusses.

A、therelationshipbetweenemotionalintelligenceandcognitivecompetence

B、thedifferencesbetweenemotionalcompetenceandcognitivecapacity

C、theimportanceofemotionalintelligenceskillsinthemakingofanexecutive

D、theassessmentofexecutives5abilitytohandlecognitivecomplexity

标准答案：C

知识点解析：暂无解析

49、Accordingto(heauthor,technicalexpertiseobviouslyfallsunderthecategoryof

A、emotionalintelligenceskills

B、academicperformance

C、cognitiveskills

D、commonsensepluspracticalintelligence

标准答案：C

知识点解析：暂无解析

50^Fromthecontextwemayfigureoutthat(heexpression"alevelsix"refersto

A、anexceptionallysmartperson

B、apersonwithhighestpossiblecognitiveintelligence

C、apersonwithhighestemotionalintelligence

D、apersonwhoissmartenoughtoheadacountry

标准答案：B\

知识点解析：暂无解析

51、"Anemotionaltrigger"canbestbeinterpretedas.

A^asuddeneruptionofexcitement

B、aquickexplosionofagitation

C^asuddenfitoftemperament

D^animpulsethatinitiatesanoutburstofstrongfeelings

标准答案：D

知识点解析：暂无解析

52、Inthelastparagraph,theauthorsuggeststhatemotionalintelligenceskillsare

indispensable.

A、fbrtheattainmentofone'spotentials

B、fbrasmartdisplayofone'sexecutivecompetence

C、fbraneffectiveexerciseofone'sinfluenceasanexecutive

D^fbrtheaccumulationofone'saptitudes

标准答案：A

知识点解析：暂无解析

Stressandpressure-filleddayshavebecomeanalmostnorma：partofcontemporaiylife,

duetotheever-growingdemandsofcareers,homemaintenance,parenting

responsibilities,andcommunityinvolvement.Becauseofthis,thereisageneral

consensusthatjustdoingalltliatdailyneedstobedoneisanemotionallyintenseand

complexprocess.Infact,awitoncecommented,"Livingthesedaysislikeagrammar

lesson:thepastisperfect;thepresentistense."Technologymakesitmoredifficultto

separateourselvesfromwork.Intimespast,itwaspossibletohaveastressfulworkplace,

gohome,andrelax.Sincelessworkwasmentalandmorewasphysical,itwasrelatively

easytoremoveoneself-physicallyandmentally—fromit.Thesophisticated

communicationtechnologyavailabletodaywasnotye(developed.Incontrasttothe

"goodolddays,"itisnolongerpossiblefbrbusymenandwomentogohomeorgoon

vacationandtruly"getawayfromilall."Itbecomesdifficulttorelaxwhenyouare

carryingabeeperthatmaygcoffanyminute.Theresultishigherlevelsofstressinmen

andwomenbecausetechnologyenablesothersto"findthemanywhere."Itisironicthat

muchtechnologyisdesignedtomakeworkeasierandfaster;presumably,thiswillmake

lifeeasierforthosewhomustoperatethetechnology,butsuchisnotthecase.Witness

thepropheticwordsofthegreatphilosopherJohnStuartMill(1806-1873):"Itis

questionableifallthemechanicalinventionsyetmadehavelightenedtheday'stoilofany

humanbeing."Howtruethisisdespitethepromiseof"miraculous"newmachinery

rangingfroma"newandmoreefficient"vacuumcleanertothemostsophisticated

computer.Thesolutiontolivingwellliesnotinnewandbettertechnology,butinthe

selectivedisuseofitsothatlifecanbeenjoyedinamoreemotionallyfulfillingway.

53、Thispassagemainlydiscusses.

A^modemman'slifethatisfilledwithstressandpressure

B、newtechn